The fact that the temperature of living tissue may respond oscillatorily to externalheating has been a classical difficulty in the field of bioheat transfer for a long time.Roemer et al. have carefully discussed this ...The fact that the temperature of living tissue may respond oscillatorily to externalheating has been a classical difficulty in the field of bioheat transfer for a long time.Roemer et al. have carefully discussed this in their serial articles, but experiments did notsupport their conclusions, Tharp et al. have artificially made a time-delay differential equs-tion to describe this phenomenon, but their model is short of a strict theoretical founda-展开更多
The response of living tissue temperature to the external thermal perturbation can be regarded as a dynamic process. The authors introduced for the first time the thermal wave theory to study temperature oscillations ...The response of living tissue temperature to the external thermal perturbation can be regarded as a dynamic process. The authors introduced for the first time the thermal wave theory to study temperature oscillations in living tissue and described two approaches to obtaining an oscillation criterion. But the criterion obtained through the first method is in implicit form of thermal properties and inconvenient for quantitatively analyzing these properties’influence. The second method gives a clearer criterion but is over simplified. Liapnov’s stability analysis is adopted in the present note for the problem to obtain a criterion, which gives deeper insight into this phenomenon. Besides, a new dimensionless parameter W_τ with clear physical meaning is defined.展开更多
Rainfall, evaporation and temperature data of Owerri for ten years (Figure 1) (1998-2007) were acquired. The data were analyzed using standard statistical measures and climatological normal (Figure 2). The results sho...Rainfall, evaporation and temperature data of Owerri for ten years (Figure 1) (1998-2007) were acquired. The data were analyzed using standard statistical measures and climatological normal (Figure 2). The results show that the rainfall pattern exhibits some oscillations indicating annual bimodal distribution of rainfall. The temperature reached its lowest value of 27.75?C in 1999. Thereafter, a steady increase in temperature was noticed. From 2002, some variation in evaporation data was observed. The potential evapotranspiration shows some correlation with temperature. This variation in weather parameters may be attributed to climate change.展开更多
This paper gives an insight on the effect of transmission line temperature variations, resulting from loading and weather conditions changes, on a power system＇s steady state and dynamic performance. The impact of dy...This paper gives an insight on the effect of transmission line temperature variations, resulting from loading and weather conditions changes, on a power system＇s steady state and dynamic performance. The impact of dynamic load models on system stability is also studied. The steady-state and dynamic stability simulation results of a 39 bus system for constant line impedance （the traditional simulation practice） are compared to the results with estimated, but realistic, temperature varied line impedances using PSLF （positive sequence load flow） software. The modulated line impedances will affect the thermal loading levels and voltage profiles of buses under steady state response, while the dynamic results will show improved damping in electro-mechanical oscillations at generator buses.展开更多
Time series of solar radiation and north Pacific sea surface temperature(SST) index were used to analyze their causality relationship with various periodic oscillations in reconstructed millennial global-mean temperat...Time series of solar radiation and north Pacific sea surface temperature(SST) index were used to analyze their causality relationship with various periodic oscillations in reconstructed millennial global-mean temperature series.The three long-term periods of the Medieval Warm Period(MWP),Little Ice Age(LIA) and recent Global Warming Period(GWP) were distinct in the temperature series.21-year,65-year,115-year and 200-year oscillations were derived from the temperature series after removing three long-term climatic temperatures.The phases of temperature oscillations significantly lagged behind oceanic SST and solar radiation variability.The recent decadal warm period was caused by the quasi-21-year temperature oscillation.At this century-cross period,the four oscillations reached their peaks simultaneously,which did not occur during the last millennium.Based on the long-term trend during the GWP and the four periodic oscillations,global-mean temperature is expected to drop to a new cool period in the 2030s and then a rising trend would be towards to a new warm period in the 2060s.展开更多
We discuss in this paper a novel interpretation of Born rule as an approximated thermodynamic law which emerges from the interaction of a quantum system with a non-stationary thermal bath associated to vacuum fluctuat...We discuss in this paper a novel interpretation of Born rule as an approximated thermodynamic law which emerges from the interaction of a quantum system with a non-stationary thermal bath associated to vacuum fluctuations induced by external environment radiation. In particular we assume that vacuum polarization is a real non relativistic phenomena caused by hidden vacuum charge oscillations which diffuses heat energy in a dispersive and dissipative dielectric medium with a temperature dependent speed of propagation. We propose a model which couples vacuum wavefunctions to vacuum charge fluctuations and we deduce a temperature dependent running fine structure constant function proportional, at first approximation, to the squared of the effective electron charge and compatible with known experimental data. We interpret the vacuum symmetry breaking energy fluctuations induced in scattering experiments of particle physics and in laser assisted nuclear reactions as thermal quasi-monochromatic beams produced by the decay of hidden non equilibrium massive photons propagating with a variable light speed. We suggest, exploiting an old analogy between plasmons and pseudo Goldstone bosons, to interpret heat diffusion of this non relativistic polarized vacuum as a real De Broglie electromagnetic scalar wave associated to the radiation emitted by the hidden massive photons with acceleration proportional to vacuum Unruh like temperature. We predict a temperature dependent deviation from Coulomb law and a generalized dispersive law of these hidden unstable photons that could be revealed as not stationary coloured noise in experiments on anomalous heat diffusions associated to the decay of unstable accelerated pairs produced in nuclear physics experiments. We discuss then how our proposal of a temperature dependent non relativistic vacuum polarization might be applied to deduce a dynamic generalization of Born rule based on a realistic interpretation of quantum wavefunctions as averaged electromagnetic waves of hidden massive p展开更多
Based on the analysis of sea level, air temperature, sea surface temperature（SST）, air pressure and wind data during 1980-2013, the causes of seasonal sea level anomalies in the coastal region of the East China Sea...Based on the analysis of sea level, air temperature, sea surface temperature（SST）, air pressure and wind data during 1980-2013, the causes of seasonal sea level anomalies in the coastal region of the East China Sea（ECS） are investigated. The research results show：（1） sea level along the coastal region of the ECS takes on strong seasonal variation. The annual range is 30-45 cm, larger in the north than in the south. From north to south, the phase of sea level changes from 140° to 231°, with a difference of nearly 3 months.（2） Monthly mean sea level（MSL）anomalies often occur from August to next February along the coast region of the ECS. The number of sea level anomalies is at most from January to February and from August to October, showing a growing trend in recent years.（3） Anomalous wind field is an important factor to affect the sea level variation in the coastal region of the ECS. Monthly MSL anomaly is closely related to wind field anomaly and air pressure field anomaly. Wind-driven current is essentially consistent with sea surface height. In August 2012, the sea surface heights at the coastal stations driven by wind field have contributed 50%-80% of MSL anomalies.（4） The annual variations for sea level,SST and air temperature along the coastal region of the ECS are mainly caused by solar radiation with a period of12 months. But the correlation coefficients of sea level anomalies with SST anomalies and air temperature anomalies are all less than 0.1.（5） Seasonal sea level variations contain the long-term trends and all kinds of periodic changes. Sea level oscillations vary in different seasons in the coastal region of the ECS. In winter and spring, the oscillation of 4-7 a related to El Ni？o is stronger and its amplitude exceeds 2 cm. In summer and autumn, the oscillations of 2-3 a and quasi 9 a are most significant, and their amplitudes also exceed 2 cm. The height of sea level is lifted up when the different oscillations superposed. On the other hand, the height of se展开更多
用数值试验的方法,分别以无热源型、E lN ino初期、E l N ino成熟期对应的赤道中东太平洋与赤道印度洋海表温度作为外强迫源,应用强迫耗散准地转正压涡度方程的全球谱模式,考虑了摩擦耗散及3波准共振的共同作用,采用非定常、定常加热两...用数值试验的方法,分别以无热源型、E lN ino初期、E l N ino成熟期对应的赤道中东太平洋与赤道印度洋海表温度作为外强迫源,应用强迫耗散准地转正压涡度方程的全球谱模式,考虑了摩擦耗散及3波准共振的共同作用,采用非定常、定常加热两种形式积分90 d,研究了对中高纬大气低频振荡的调频作用。结果表明:(1)3个行星波之间存在很强的波—波相互作用,且波动振荡呈现准双周和季节内振荡;(2)在E lN ino初期和E lN ino成熟期,无论是赤道中东太平洋海温还是赤道印度洋海温在逐渐增暖的过程中,大气低频振荡周期都有缩短的趋势。1997年2月—1997年4月,赤道印度洋调节作用强;而在1998年5月,赤道中东太平洋调节作用强;(3)赤道印度洋西区对大气低频振荡的调节作用要强于赤道印度洋东区;N ino3区对大气低频振荡的调节作用要强于N ino1+2区;(4)太平洋—印度洋海温异常模态在1997年10月为高指数(简称PIM I一型),在1996年9月为低指数(简称PIM I二型),前者对应的东太平洋—西印度洋区对大气的调频作用要大于后者对应的西太平洋—东印度洋区。展开更多
Based on the Krylov-Bogolyubov method of averaging the closed system of equations for particle motion and temperature in inhomogeneous rapidly oscillating velocity and temperature of fluid phase is derived. It is show...Based on the Krylov-Bogolyubov method of averaging the closed system of equations for particle motion and temperature in inhomogeneous rapidly oscillating velocity and temperature of fluid phase is derived. It is shown that the particle movement in a rapidly oscillating fluid velocity field occurs not only under the force of gravity and resistance, but also under force of migration. The migration force is the result of particle inertia and in homogeneity of oscillation of velocity field of the carrier phase. Effects of dynamic and thermal relaxation times of particle and gravity force have been studied. It is shown possibilities of accumulation of particles under the combined action of gravity and migration forces. For a linear dependence of the amplitude of velocity and temperature fluctuations of the fluid an analytical solution was presented. The analytical solutions have been found in good agreement with the results of numerical solution of system of equations of motion and heat transfer of particle.展开更多
We examine the temperature dependence of acoustic-phonon-induced magnetoresistance oscillations in a high-mobility GaAs-based quantum well with conventional transverse and longitudinal phonon modes,using a model in wh...We examine the temperature dependence of acoustic-phonon-induced magnetoresistance oscillations in a high-mobility GaAs-based quantum well with conventional transverse and longitudinal phonon modes,using a model in which the temperature increase of the Landau level broadening or the single-particle scattering rate 1/τ;is attributed to the enhancement of electron-phonon scattering with rising temperature.The non-monotonic temperature behavior, showing an optimal temperature at which a given order of oscillation amplitude exhibits a maximum and the shift of the main resistance peak to higher magnetic field with rising temperature,is produced,in agreement with recent experimental findings.展开更多
Single and multiple n-channel junctionless nanowire transistors （JNTs） are fabricated and experimentally investigated at variable temperatures. Clear current oscillations caused by the quantum-confinement effect are...Single and multiple n-channel junctionless nanowire transistors （JNTs） are fabricated and experimentally investigated at variable temperatures. Clear current oscillations caused by the quantum-confinement effect are observed in the curve of drain current versus gate voltage acquired at low temperatures （10 K-100 K） and variable drain bias voltages （10 mV- 90 mV）. Transfer characteristics exhibit current oscillation peaks below flat-band voltage （VFB） at temperatures up to 75 K, which is possibly due to Coulomb-blocking from quantum dots, which are randomly formed by ionized dopants in the just opened n-type one-dimensional （1D） channel of silicon nanowires. However, at higher voltages than VFB, regular current steps are observed in single-channel JNTs, which corresponds to the fully populated subbands in the 1D channel. The subband energy spacing extracted from transconductance peaks accords well with theoretical predication. However, in multiple-channel JNT, only tiny oscillation peaks of the drain current are observed due to the combination of the drain current from multiple channels with quantum-confinement effects.展开更多
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China.
文摘The fact that the temperature of living tissue may respond oscillatorily to externalheating has been a classical difficulty in the field of bioheat transfer for a long time.Roemer et al. have carefully discussed this in their serial articles, but experiments did notsupport their conclusions, Tharp et al. have artificially made a time-delay differential equs-tion to describe this phenomenon, but their model is short of a strict theoretical founda-
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China.
文摘The response of living tissue temperature to the external thermal perturbation can be regarded as a dynamic process. The authors introduced for the first time the thermal wave theory to study temperature oscillations in living tissue and described two approaches to obtaining an oscillation criterion. But the criterion obtained through the first method is in implicit form of thermal properties and inconvenient for quantitatively analyzing these properties’influence. The second method gives a clearer criterion but is over simplified. Liapnov’s stability analysis is adopted in the present note for the problem to obtain a criterion, which gives deeper insight into this phenomenon. Besides, a new dimensionless parameter W_τ with clear physical meaning is defined.
文摘Rainfall, evaporation and temperature data of Owerri for ten years (Figure 1) (1998-2007) were acquired. The data were analyzed using standard statistical measures and climatological normal (Figure 2). The results show that the rainfall pattern exhibits some oscillations indicating annual bimodal distribution of rainfall. The temperature reached its lowest value of 27.75?C in 1999. Thereafter, a steady increase in temperature was noticed. From 2002, some variation in evaporation data was observed. The potential evapotranspiration shows some correlation with temperature. This variation in weather parameters may be attributed to climate change.
文摘This paper gives an insight on the effect of transmission line temperature variations, resulting from loading and weather conditions changes, on a power system＇s steady state and dynamic performance. The impact of dynamic load models on system stability is also studied. The steady-state and dynamic stability simulation results of a 39 bus system for constant line impedance （the traditional simulation practice） are compared to the results with estimated, but realistic, temperature varied line impedances using PSLF （positive sequence load flow） software. The modulated line impedances will affect the thermal loading levels and voltage profiles of buses under steady state response, while the dynamic results will show improved damping in electro-mechanical oscillations at generator buses.
文摘Time series of solar radiation and north Pacific sea surface temperature(SST) index were used to analyze their causality relationship with various periodic oscillations in reconstructed millennial global-mean temperature series.The three long-term periods of the Medieval Warm Period(MWP),Little Ice Age(LIA) and recent Global Warming Period(GWP) were distinct in the temperature series.21-year,65-year,115-year and 200-year oscillations were derived from the temperature series after removing three long-term climatic temperatures.The phases of temperature oscillations significantly lagged behind oceanic SST and solar radiation variability.The recent decadal warm period was caused by the quasi-21-year temperature oscillation.At this century-cross period,the four oscillations reached their peaks simultaneously,which did not occur during the last millennium.Based on the long-term trend during the GWP and the four periodic oscillations,global-mean temperature is expected to drop to a new cool period in the 2030s and then a rising trend would be towards to a new warm period in the 2060s.
文摘We discuss in this paper a novel interpretation of Born rule as an approximated thermodynamic law which emerges from the interaction of a quantum system with a non-stationary thermal bath associated to vacuum fluctuations induced by external environment radiation. In particular we assume that vacuum polarization is a real non relativistic phenomena caused by hidden vacuum charge oscillations which diffuses heat energy in a dispersive and dissipative dielectric medium with a temperature dependent speed of propagation. We propose a model which couples vacuum wavefunctions to vacuum charge fluctuations and we deduce a temperature dependent running fine structure constant function proportional, at first approximation, to the squared of the effective electron charge and compatible with known experimental data. We interpret the vacuum symmetry breaking energy fluctuations induced in scattering experiments of particle physics and in laser assisted nuclear reactions as thermal quasi-monochromatic beams produced by the decay of hidden non equilibrium massive photons propagating with a variable light speed. We suggest, exploiting an old analogy between plasmons and pseudo Goldstone bosons, to interpret heat diffusion of this non relativistic polarized vacuum as a real De Broglie electromagnetic scalar wave associated to the radiation emitted by the hidden massive photons with acceleration proportional to vacuum Unruh like temperature. We predict a temperature dependent deviation from Coulomb law and a generalized dispersive law of these hidden unstable photons that could be revealed as not stationary coloured noise in experiments on anomalous heat diffusions associated to the decay of unstable accelerated pairs produced in nuclear physics experiments. We discuss then how our proposal of a temperature dependent non relativistic vacuum polarization might be applied to deduce a dynamic generalization of Born rule based on a realistic interpretation of quantum wavefunctions as averaged electromagnetic waves of hidden massive p
基金The Project of Global Change and Air-Sea Interaction under Contract No.GASI-03-01-01-09
文摘Based on the analysis of sea level, air temperature, sea surface temperature（SST）, air pressure and wind data during 1980-2013, the causes of seasonal sea level anomalies in the coastal region of the East China Sea（ECS） are investigated. The research results show：（1） sea level along the coastal region of the ECS takes on strong seasonal variation. The annual range is 30-45 cm, larger in the north than in the south. From north to south, the phase of sea level changes from 140° to 231°, with a difference of nearly 3 months.（2） Monthly mean sea level（MSL）anomalies often occur from August to next February along the coast region of the ECS. The number of sea level anomalies is at most from January to February and from August to October, showing a growing trend in recent years.（3） Anomalous wind field is an important factor to affect the sea level variation in the coastal region of the ECS. Monthly MSL anomaly is closely related to wind field anomaly and air pressure field anomaly. Wind-driven current is essentially consistent with sea surface height. In August 2012, the sea surface heights at the coastal stations driven by wind field have contributed 50%-80% of MSL anomalies.（4） The annual variations for sea level,SST and air temperature along the coastal region of the ECS are mainly caused by solar radiation with a period of12 months. But the correlation coefficients of sea level anomalies with SST anomalies and air temperature anomalies are all less than 0.1.（5） Seasonal sea level variations contain the long-term trends and all kinds of periodic changes. Sea level oscillations vary in different seasons in the coastal region of the ECS. In winter and spring, the oscillation of 4-7 a related to El Ni？o is stronger and its amplitude exceeds 2 cm. In summer and autumn, the oscillations of 2-3 a and quasi 9 a are most significant, and their amplitudes also exceed 2 cm. The height of sea level is lifted up when the different oscillations superposed. On the other hand, the height of se
文摘Based on the Krylov-Bogolyubov method of averaging the closed system of equations for particle motion and temperature in inhomogeneous rapidly oscillating velocity and temperature of fluid phase is derived. It is shown that the particle movement in a rapidly oscillating fluid velocity field occurs not only under the force of gravity and resistance, but also under force of migration. The migration force is the result of particle inertia and in homogeneity of oscillation of velocity field of the carrier phase. Effects of dynamic and thermal relaxation times of particle and gravity force have been studied. It is shown possibilities of accumulation of particles under the combined action of gravity and migration forces. For a linear dependence of the amplitude of velocity and temperature fluctuations of the fluid an analytical solution was presented. The analytical solutions have been found in good agreement with the results of numerical solution of system of equations of motion and heat transfer of particle.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(No.2007CB310402)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.60721004)+1 种基金the Major Projects(Nos.KGCX1-YW-24,KGCX2-YW-231)the Hundred Scholar Plan of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
文摘We examine the temperature dependence of acoustic-phonon-induced magnetoresistance oscillations in a high-mobility GaAs-based quantum well with conventional transverse and longitudinal phonon modes,using a model in which the temperature increase of the Landau level broadening or the single-particle scattering rate 1/τ;is attributed to the enhancement of electron-phonon scattering with rising temperature.The non-monotonic temperature behavior, showing an optimal temperature at which a given order of oscillation amplitude exhibits a maximum and the shift of the main resistance peak to higher magnetic field with rising temperature,is produced,in agreement with recent experimental findings.
基金Project supported partly by the National Basic Research Program of China(Grant No.2010CB934104)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.61376069 and 61327813)
文摘Single and multiple n-channel junctionless nanowire transistors （JNTs） are fabricated and experimentally investigated at variable temperatures. Clear current oscillations caused by the quantum-confinement effect are observed in the curve of drain current versus gate voltage acquired at low temperatures （10 K-100 K） and variable drain bias voltages （10 mV- 90 mV）. Transfer characteristics exhibit current oscillation peaks below flat-band voltage （VFB） at temperatures up to 75 K, which is possibly due to Coulomb-blocking from quantum dots, which are randomly formed by ionized dopants in the just opened n-type one-dimensional （1D） channel of silicon nanowires. However, at higher voltages than VFB, regular current steps are observed in single-channel JNTs, which corresponds to the fully populated subbands in the 1D channel. The subband energy spacing extracted from transconductance peaks accords well with theoretical predication. However, in multiple-channel JNT, only tiny oscillation peaks of the drain current are observed due to the combination of the drain current from multiple channels with quantum-confinement effects.
