The climatological distribution of mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) over China and its vicinity during summer is statistically analyzed, based on the 10-year (1996―2006, 2004 excluded) June-August infrared TBB (Te...The climatological distribution of mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) over China and its vicinity during summer is statistically analyzed, based on the 10-year (1996―2006, 2004 excluded) June-August infrared TBB (Temperature of black body) dataset. Comparing the results obtained in this paper with the distribution of thunderstorms from surface meteorological stations over China and the distribution of lightning from low-orbit satellites over China and its vicinity in the previous studies, we find that the statistic characteristics of TBB less than -52℃ can better represent the spatiotemporal distribution of MCSs over China and its vicinity during summer.The spreading pattern of the MCSs over this region shows three transmeridional bands of active MCSs, with obvious fluctuation of active MCSs in the band near 30°N. It can be explained by the atmospheric circulation that the three bands of active MCSs are associated with each other by the summer monsoon over East Asia. We focus on the diurnal variations of MCSs over different underlying surfaces, and the result shows that there are two types of MCSs over China and its vicinity during summer. One type of MCSs has only one active period all day long (single-peak MCSs), and the other has multiple active periods (multi-peak MCSs). Single-peak MCSs occur more often over plateaus or mountains, and multi-peak MCSs are more common over plains or basins. Depending on lifetimes and active periods, single-peak MCSs can be classified as Tibetan Plateau MCSs, general mountain MCSs, Ryukyu MCSs, and so on. The diurnal variation of multi-peak MCSs is very similar to that of MCCs (mesoscale convective complexes), and it reveals that multi-peak MCSs has longer life cycle and larger horizontal scale, becomes weaker after sunset, and develops again after midnight. Tibetan Plateau MCSs and general mountain MCSs both usually develop in the afternoon, but Tibetan Plateau MCSs have longer life cycle and more active MαCSs. Ryukyu MCSs generally develop after midnight, last longer t展开更多
利用常规观测资料、NCEP再分析资料及卫星TBB资料,对2013年4月19-20日山东极端暴雪过程的环流背景、物理量诊断、地形作用及其中尺度特征等进行了综合分析。结果表明:此次暴雪天气是以500 h Pa高空槽、700 h Pa西南低空急流及切变线、以...利用常规观测资料、NCEP再分析资料及卫星TBB资料,对2013年4月19-20日山东极端暴雪过程的环流背景、物理量诊断、地形作用及其中尺度特征等进行了综合分析。结果表明:此次暴雪天气是以500 h Pa高空槽、700 h Pa西南低空急流及切变线、以及850 h Pa以下低层东北风作为环流背景的回流性质降雪;暴雪期间,相对湿度≥90%的高湿区明显下传,南方的暖湿空气沿着低层冷垫爬升,到达一定高度以后,水汽凝结产生降雪,强降雪落区并不位于强上升运动的中心位置,而是位于最大中心值的偏北一侧,在28°N-40°N之间高空有一明显的能量锋区,且随纬度的增高而向高空倾斜;近地面层有明显的辐合流场,TBB分布反映出暴雪期间有中小尺度系统配合,TBB最大值在-45^-40℃之间;此次极端暴雪过程中地形对温度的急剧下降起了重要的作用。展开更多
基金the National Major Basic Research "973" Program of China (Grant No. 2004CB418300)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 40305004)
文摘The climatological distribution of mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) over China and its vicinity during summer is statistically analyzed, based on the 10-year (1996―2006, 2004 excluded) June-August infrared TBB (Temperature of black body) dataset. Comparing the results obtained in this paper with the distribution of thunderstorms from surface meteorological stations over China and the distribution of lightning from low-orbit satellites over China and its vicinity in the previous studies, we find that the statistic characteristics of TBB less than -52℃ can better represent the spatiotemporal distribution of MCSs over China and its vicinity during summer.The spreading pattern of the MCSs over this region shows three transmeridional bands of active MCSs, with obvious fluctuation of active MCSs in the band near 30°N. It can be explained by the atmospheric circulation that the three bands of active MCSs are associated with each other by the summer monsoon over East Asia. We focus on the diurnal variations of MCSs over different underlying surfaces, and the result shows that there are two types of MCSs over China and its vicinity during summer. One type of MCSs has only one active period all day long (single-peak MCSs), and the other has multiple active periods (multi-peak MCSs). Single-peak MCSs occur more often over plateaus or mountains, and multi-peak MCSs are more common over plains or basins. Depending on lifetimes and active periods, single-peak MCSs can be classified as Tibetan Plateau MCSs, general mountain MCSs, Ryukyu MCSs, and so on. The diurnal variation of multi-peak MCSs is very similar to that of MCCs (mesoscale convective complexes), and it reveals that multi-peak MCSs has longer life cycle and larger horizontal scale, becomes weaker after sunset, and develops again after midnight. Tibetan Plateau MCSs and general mountain MCSs both usually develop in the afternoon, but Tibetan Plateau MCSs have longer life cycle and more active MαCSs. Ryukyu MCSs generally develop after midnight, last longer t
文摘利用常规观测资料、NCEP再分析资料及卫星TBB资料,对2013年4月19-20日山东极端暴雪过程的环流背景、物理量诊断、地形作用及其中尺度特征等进行了综合分析。结果表明:此次暴雪天气是以500 h Pa高空槽、700 h Pa西南低空急流及切变线、以及850 h Pa以下低层东北风作为环流背景的回流性质降雪;暴雪期间,相对湿度≥90%的高湿区明显下传,南方的暖湿空气沿着低层冷垫爬升,到达一定高度以后,水汽凝结产生降雪,强降雪落区并不位于强上升运动的中心位置,而是位于最大中心值的偏北一侧,在28°N-40°N之间高空有一明显的能量锋区,且随纬度的增高而向高空倾斜;近地面层有明显的辐合流场,TBB分布反映出暴雪期间有中小尺度系统配合,TBB最大值在-45^-40℃之间;此次极端暴雪过程中地形对温度的急剧下降起了重要的作用。
