Background An increasing incidence of disease caused by nontuberculous mycobacteria （NTM） is being reported. The purpose of this study was to determine the isolation rates of NTM from various clinical specimens, and...Background An increasing incidence of disease caused by nontuberculous mycobacteria （NTM） is being reported. The purpose of this study was to determine the isolation rates of NTM from various clinical specimens, and their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns, over a 4-year period in Shanghai. Methods All NTM isolated between 2005 and 2008 at Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, a key laboratory of mycobacteria tuberculosis in Shanghai, China, were identified with conventional biochemical tests and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Antimicrobial susceptibility for all NTM was determined using the BACTEC MGIT 960 system. Results A total of 21 221 specimens were cultured, of which 4868 （22.94%） grew acid fast bacilli （AFB）, and 248 （5.09%） of the AFB were NTM. The prevalence rate of NTM was determined as 4.26%, 4.70%, 4.96% and 6.38% among mycobacteria culture positive samples in years 2005, 2006, 2007 and 2008 respectively. These data indicated that the prevalence rate has continuously increased. Sixteen different species of NTM were identified, the most commonly encountered NTM in Shanghai were M. chelonae （26.7%）, followed by M. fortuitum （15.4%）, M. kansasii （14.2%）, M. avium-intracellulare complex （13.1%） and M. terrae （6.9%）. The rare species identified were M. marinum, M. gastri, M. triviale, M. ulcerans, M. smegmatis, M. phlci, M. 9ordonae, M. szulgai, M. simiae, M. scrofulaceum and M. xenopi. The five most commonly identified NTM species showed high drug resistance to general anti-tuberculosis drugs, particularly, M. chelonae and M. fortuitum appear to be multi-drug resistance. Conclusions The prevalence of NTM in Shanghai showed a tendency to increase over the course of the study. The five most commonly isolated NTM species showed high drug resistance to first line anti-tuberculosis drugs.展开更多
Objective:To evaluate the sensitivity pattern of bacterial pathogens in the intensive care unit(ICU) of a tertiary care of Falmawati Hospital Jakarta Indonesia.Methods:A cross sectional retrospective study of bacteria...Objective:To evaluate the sensitivity pattern of bacterial pathogens in the intensive care unit(ICU) of a tertiary care of Falmawati Hospital Jakarta Indonesia.Methods:A cross sectional retrospective study of bacterial pathogen was carried out on a total of 722 patients that were admitted to the ICU of Fatmawati Hospital Jakarta Indonesia during January 2009 to March 2010. All bacteria were identified by standard microbiologic methods,and(heir antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed using disk diffusion method.Results:Specimens were collected from 385 patients who were given antimicrobial treatment,of which 249(64.68%) were cultured positive and 136(35.32%) were negative.The most predominant isolate was Pseudomonas aeruginosa(P.aeruginosa)(26.5%) followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae(K.pneumoniae)(15.3%) and Staphylococcus epidermidis(14.9%).P.aeruginosa isolates showed high rate of resistance to cephalexin(95.3%),cefotaxime(64.1%),and ceftriaxone(60.9%).Amikacin was the most effective(84.4%) antibiotic against P.aeruginosa followed by imipenem(81.2%),and meropenem(75.0%).K.pneumoniae showed resistance to cephalexin(86.5%),ceftriaxone(75.7%),ceftazidime(73.0%),cefpirome(73.0%) and cefotaxime(67.9%),respectively.Conclusions:Most bacteria isolated from ICU of Fatmawati Hospital Jakarta Indonesia were resistant to the third generation of cephalosporins,and quinolone antibiotics.Regular surveillance of antibiotic susceptibility pallerns is very important for setting orders to guide the clinician in choosing empirical or directed therapy of infected patients.展开更多
BACKGROUND Ventilator-associated pneumonia(VAP)is defined as pneumonia that occurs two calendar days following endotracheal intubation or after that.It is the most common infection encountered among intubated patients...BACKGROUND Ventilator-associated pneumonia(VAP)is defined as pneumonia that occurs two calendar days following endotracheal intubation or after that.It is the most common infection encountered among intubated patients.VAP incidence showed wide variability between countries.AIM To define the VAP incidence in the intensive care unit(ICU)in the central gove-rnment hospital in Bahrain and review the risk factors and the predominant bacterial pathogens with their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern.METHODS The research was a prospective cross-sectional observational study over six months from November 2019 to June 2020.It included adult and adolescent patients(>14 years old)admitted to the ICU and required intubation and mechanical ventilation.VAP was diagnosed when it occurred after 48 h after endotracheal intubation using the clinical pulmonary infection score,which considers the clinical,laboratory,microbiological,and radiographic evidence.RESULTS The total number of adult patients admitted to the ICU who required intubation and mechanical ventilation during the study period was 155.Forty-six patients developed VAP during their ICU stay(29.7%).The calculated VAP rate was 22.14 events per 1000 ventilator days during the study period,with a mean age of 52 years±20.Most VAP cases had late-onset VAP with a mean number of ICU days before the development of VAP of 9.96±6.55.Gram-negative contributed to most VAP cases in our unit,with multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter being the most identified pathogen.CONCLUSION The reported VAP rate in our ICU was relatively high compared to the international benchmark,which should trigger a vital action plan for reinforcing the implementation of the VAP prevention bundle.展开更多
探讨抗性/易感小鼠DNA识别受体的组织表达差异与抗病性的关系。方法不同抗性品系小鼠感染ECTV后,采用实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)技术分析其组织的重要DNA识别受体差异表达谱。结果TLR9、DAI、cGAS、RNA pol III和RIG-I这5个与DNA识别相...探讨抗性/易感小鼠DNA识别受体的组织表达差异与抗病性的关系。方法不同抗性品系小鼠感染ECTV后,采用实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)技术分析其组织的重要DNA识别受体差异表达谱。结果TLR9、DAI、cGAS、RNA pol III和RIG-I这5个与DNA识别相关的受体在不同抗性小鼠组织中均呈广泛性表达,但鼠痘抗性小鼠C57BL/6品系的表达明显整体高于BALB/c小鼠;在ECTV感染后易感小鼠BALB/c品系的这些基因表达明显上调,而C57BL/6小鼠变化不大甚至下调。结论这种差异表达特征表明这些受体分子可能与小鼠的天然抗病力密切相关。展开更多
Objective:To determine the common bacterial causes of urinary tract infection and their antibiotic susceptibility pattern in AIDS patients versus non-AIDS patients.Methods:One thousand consecutive AIDS patients with s...Objective:To determine the common bacterial causes of urinary tract infection and their antibiotic susceptibility pattern in AIDS patients versus non-AIDS patients.Methods:One thousand consecutive AIDS patients with signs and symptoms of AIDS and non-AIDS patients (served as control) each on admission were recruited into the study between January 2005 to January 2008,in Federal Medical Center,Makurdi.Urine samples were collected with sterile universal bottles and analysed with appropriate laboratory methods and antibiotic susceptibility test was carried out by disk diffusion technique in accordance with National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards(NCCLS,now CLSI) criteria.The results were analysed using SPSS 11.0 statistical software.Results:Urine samples of AIDS patients with urinary infection had a more spectrum of micro-organisms including Candida organisms,Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus.Ceftriaxone,Ceftazidime or Ciprofloxacin had a remarkably high anti-bacterial activity across the two study groups.A general resistance was recorded in ampicillin.tetracycline and co-trimoxazole.There was no significant difference in antibiotic susceptibility patterns between AIDS and non- AIDS patients(P】0.05).Conclusions:A reduction in unnecessary use of antibiotics as well as infection control should be encouraged in our health facilities.展开更多
Objectives:To isolate and identify the bacterial etiologic agents,including their antibiotic susceptibility pattern isolated from patients with discharging ear infections.Methods:Between September 2006 and February 20...Objectives:To isolate and identify the bacterial etiologic agents,including their antibiotic susceptibility pattern isolated from patients with discharging ear infections.Methods:Between September 2006 and February 2007,178 patients with discharging ear visiting ENT clinics of St.Paul and Tikur Anbessa University Hospitals Addis Ababa,Ethiopia were investigated.Results:Of the patients investigated,52.8%were males and 47.2%were females resulting in an overall male to female ratio of 1.1:1.Ear discharge was the commonest clinical finding followed by hearing problem(91.2%),otalgia(ear pain)(74.7%),fever(17.9%) and itching of external ear(5.1%).S.aureus accounted for 30.2%of the total isolates followed by Proteus ssp. (P.mirabilis,P.vulgaris)(25.4%),and P.aeruginosa(13.4%).Both gram positive and negative bacteria isolated from ear infections showed low resistance rates to most antimicrobial agents tested.Overall ceftriaxone and ciprofloxacin were the most effective drugs when compared to other drugs tested against the grampositive and gram-negative bacteria.Conclusion:Otitis media was the most common clinical finding in patients with ear infection.With discharging ear,the gram-negative bacteria were the predominant isolates.The susceptibility pattern of isolates from the study showed that ceftriaxone,ciprofloxacin and gentamicin were the most effective drugs.It is recommended that treatment of ear infections should be based on culture and sensitivity at the study sites.Therefore,efforts should be directed towards early diagnosis and treatment of acute ear infection and continued re-evaluation of the resistant patterns of organisms to optimize treatments and reduce complications.展开更多
文摘Background An increasing incidence of disease caused by nontuberculous mycobacteria （NTM） is being reported. The purpose of this study was to determine the isolation rates of NTM from various clinical specimens, and their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns, over a 4-year period in Shanghai. Methods All NTM isolated between 2005 and 2008 at Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, a key laboratory of mycobacteria tuberculosis in Shanghai, China, were identified with conventional biochemical tests and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Antimicrobial susceptibility for all NTM was determined using the BACTEC MGIT 960 system. Results A total of 21 221 specimens were cultured, of which 4868 （22.94%） grew acid fast bacilli （AFB）, and 248 （5.09%） of the AFB were NTM. The prevalence rate of NTM was determined as 4.26%, 4.70%, 4.96% and 6.38% among mycobacteria culture positive samples in years 2005, 2006, 2007 and 2008 respectively. These data indicated that the prevalence rate has continuously increased. Sixteen different species of NTM were identified, the most commonly encountered NTM in Shanghai were M. chelonae （26.7%）, followed by M. fortuitum （15.4%）, M. kansasii （14.2%）, M. avium-intracellulare complex （13.1%） and M. terrae （6.9%）. The rare species identified were M. marinum, M. gastri, M. triviale, M. ulcerans, M. smegmatis, M. phlci, M. 9ordonae, M. szulgai, M. simiae, M. scrofulaceum and M. xenopi. The five most commonly identified NTM species showed high drug resistance to general anti-tuberculosis drugs, particularly, M. chelonae and M. fortuitum appear to be multi-drug resistance. Conclusions The prevalence of NTM in Shanghai showed a tendency to increase over the course of the study. The five most commonly isolated NTM species showed high drug resistance to first line anti-tuberculosis drugs.
文摘Objective:To evaluate the sensitivity pattern of bacterial pathogens in the intensive care unit(ICU) of a tertiary care of Falmawati Hospital Jakarta Indonesia.Methods:A cross sectional retrospective study of bacterial pathogen was carried out on a total of 722 patients that were admitted to the ICU of Fatmawati Hospital Jakarta Indonesia during January 2009 to March 2010. All bacteria were identified by standard microbiologic methods,and(heir antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed using disk diffusion method.Results:Specimens were collected from 385 patients who were given antimicrobial treatment,of which 249(64.68%) were cultured positive and 136(35.32%) were negative.The most predominant isolate was Pseudomonas aeruginosa(P.aeruginosa)(26.5%) followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae(K.pneumoniae)(15.3%) and Staphylococcus epidermidis(14.9%).P.aeruginosa isolates showed high rate of resistance to cephalexin(95.3%),cefotaxime(64.1%),and ceftriaxone(60.9%).Amikacin was the most effective(84.4%) antibiotic against P.aeruginosa followed by imipenem(81.2%),and meropenem(75.0%).K.pneumoniae showed resistance to cephalexin(86.5%),ceftriaxone(75.7%),ceftazidime(73.0%),cefpirome(73.0%) and cefotaxime(67.9%),respectively.Conclusions:Most bacteria isolated from ICU of Fatmawati Hospital Jakarta Indonesia were resistant to the third generation of cephalosporins,and quinolone antibiotics.Regular surveillance of antibiotic susceptibility pallerns is very important for setting orders to guide the clinician in choosing empirical or directed therapy of infected patients.
文摘BACKGROUND Ventilator-associated pneumonia(VAP)is defined as pneumonia that occurs two calendar days following endotracheal intubation or after that.It is the most common infection encountered among intubated patients.VAP incidence showed wide variability between countries.AIM To define the VAP incidence in the intensive care unit(ICU)in the central gove-rnment hospital in Bahrain and review the risk factors and the predominant bacterial pathogens with their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern.METHODS The research was a prospective cross-sectional observational study over six months from November 2019 to June 2020.It included adult and adolescent patients(>14 years old)admitted to the ICU and required intubation and mechanical ventilation.VAP was diagnosed when it occurred after 48 h after endotracheal intubation using the clinical pulmonary infection score,which considers the clinical,laboratory,microbiological,and radiographic evidence.RESULTS The total number of adult patients admitted to the ICU who required intubation and mechanical ventilation during the study period was 155.Forty-six patients developed VAP during their ICU stay(29.7%).The calculated VAP rate was 22.14 events per 1000 ventilator days during the study period,with a mean age of 52 years±20.Most VAP cases had late-onset VAP with a mean number of ICU days before the development of VAP of 9.96±6.55.Gram-negative contributed to most VAP cases in our unit,with multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter being the most identified pathogen.CONCLUSION The reported VAP rate in our ICU was relatively high compared to the international benchmark,which should trigger a vital action plan for reinforcing the implementation of the VAP prevention bundle.
文摘探讨抗性/易感小鼠DNA识别受体的组织表达差异与抗病性的关系。方法不同抗性品系小鼠感染ECTV后,采用实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)技术分析其组织的重要DNA识别受体差异表达谱。结果TLR9、DAI、cGAS、RNA pol III和RIG-I这5个与DNA识别相关的受体在不同抗性小鼠组织中均呈广泛性表达,但鼠痘抗性小鼠C57BL/6品系的表达明显整体高于BALB/c小鼠;在ECTV感染后易感小鼠BALB/c品系的这些基因表达明显上调,而C57BL/6小鼠变化不大甚至下调。结论这种差异表达特征表明这些受体分子可能与小鼠的天然抗病力密切相关。
文摘Objective:To determine the common bacterial causes of urinary tract infection and their antibiotic susceptibility pattern in AIDS patients versus non-AIDS patients.Methods:One thousand consecutive AIDS patients with signs and symptoms of AIDS and non-AIDS patients (served as control) each on admission were recruited into the study between January 2005 to January 2008,in Federal Medical Center,Makurdi.Urine samples were collected with sterile universal bottles and analysed with appropriate laboratory methods and antibiotic susceptibility test was carried out by disk diffusion technique in accordance with National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards(NCCLS,now CLSI) criteria.The results were analysed using SPSS 11.0 statistical software.Results:Urine samples of AIDS patients with urinary infection had a more spectrum of micro-organisms including Candida organisms,Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus.Ceftriaxone,Ceftazidime or Ciprofloxacin had a remarkably high anti-bacterial activity across the two study groups.A general resistance was recorded in ampicillin.tetracycline and co-trimoxazole.There was no significant difference in antibiotic susceptibility patterns between AIDS and non- AIDS patients(P】0.05).Conclusions:A reduction in unnecessary use of antibiotics as well as infection control should be encouraged in our health facilities.
基金supported the grants available from School of Graduate Studies,Addis Ababa University
文摘Objectives:To isolate and identify the bacterial etiologic agents,including their antibiotic susceptibility pattern isolated from patients with discharging ear infections.Methods:Between September 2006 and February 2007,178 patients with discharging ear visiting ENT clinics of St.Paul and Tikur Anbessa University Hospitals Addis Ababa,Ethiopia were investigated.Results:Of the patients investigated,52.8%were males and 47.2%were females resulting in an overall male to female ratio of 1.1:1.Ear discharge was the commonest clinical finding followed by hearing problem(91.2%),otalgia(ear pain)(74.7%),fever(17.9%) and itching of external ear(5.1%).S.aureus accounted for 30.2%of the total isolates followed by Proteus ssp. (P.mirabilis,P.vulgaris)(25.4%),and P.aeruginosa(13.4%).Both gram positive and negative bacteria isolated from ear infections showed low resistance rates to most antimicrobial agents tested.Overall ceftriaxone and ciprofloxacin were the most effective drugs when compared to other drugs tested against the grampositive and gram-negative bacteria.Conclusion:Otitis media was the most common clinical finding in patients with ear infection.With discharging ear,the gram-negative bacteria were the predominant isolates.The susceptibility pattern of isolates from the study showed that ceftriaxone,ciprofloxacin and gentamicin were the most effective drugs.It is recommended that treatment of ear infections should be based on culture and sensitivity at the study sites.Therefore,efforts should be directed towards early diagnosis and treatment of acute ear infection and continued re-evaluation of the resistant patterns of organisms to optimize treatments and reduce complications.
