The occurrence of sulfonamide antibiotics(SAs) was investigated in the six sewage treatment plants(STPs) of Beijing,China.Of the 13 objective antibiotics,sulfamethoxazole,sulfapyridine,sulfamerazine,sulfadiazine and s...The occurrence of sulfonamide antibiotics(SAs) was investigated in the six sewage treatment plants(STPs) of Beijing,China.Of the 13 objective antibiotics,sulfamethoxazole,sulfapyridine,sulfamerazine,sulfadiazine and sulfamethizol were detected in the influents with the average concentrations of 1.2 ± 0.45,0.29 ± 0.25,0.048 ± 0.012,0.35 ± 0.52 and 0.33 ± 0.21 μg·L-1,respectively,and those in the effluents were 1.4 ± 0.74,0.22 ± 0.19,0.021 ± 0.008,0.22 ± 0.21and 0.01± 0 μg·L-1,respectively.Sulfamethoxazole was the predominant compound detected,and was found in all wastewater samples with the other two compounds sulfapyridine and sulfamerazine.It should be noted that sulfadiazine was first reported in wastewaters,and the concentration levels of all detected compounds except for sulfamethizol(detected once in the effluent samples) in the influents were observed to be similar to those in the effluents.From the data in this study,it can be found that sulfamethoxazole,sulfapyridine,sulfamerazine and sulfadiazine could be partly removed in anoxic and aerobic treatment unit and vice versa in anaerobic process,which led to their low or even negative removal rates in the effluents.The increase on the concentrations of sulfamethoxazole and sulfapyridine in the effluents was found probably due to the biotransformation of their acetylated forms in anaerobic treatment unit.In addition,it was observed that the biodegradation of sulfamethoxazole and sulfapyridine could partly occur during the anoxic and aerobic process,while sulfamerazine was partly eliminated in the anaerobic and anoxic units.展开更多
Swine wastewater is an important pollution source of antibiotics entering the aquatic environment. In this work,the adsorption behavior of sulfamethazine（SMN）,a commonlyused sulfonamide antibiotic,on activated sludg...Swine wastewater is an important pollution source of antibiotics entering the aquatic environment. In this work,the adsorption behavior of sulfamethazine（SMN）,a commonlyused sulfonamide antibiotic,on activated sludge from a sequencing batch reactor treating swine wastewater was investigated. The results show that the adsorption of SMN on activated sludge was an initially rapid process and reached equilibrium after 6 hr. The removal efficiency of SMN from the water phase increased with an increasing concentration of mixed liquor suspended solids,while the adsorbed concentration of SMN decreased. Solution pH influenced both the speciation of SMN and the surface properties of activated sludge,thus significantly impacting the adsorption process. A linear partition model could give a good fit for the equilibrium concentrations of SMN at the test temperatures（i.e.,10,20 and 30°C）. The partition coefficient（Kd） was determined to be 100.5 L/kg at 20°C,indicating a quite high adsorption capacity for SMN. Thermodynamic analysis revealed that SMN adsorption on activated sludge was an exothermic process. This study could help to clarify the fate and behavior of sulfonamide antibiotics in the activated sludge process and assess consequent environmental risks arising from sludge disposal as well.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 20610103)the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (Grant No. 2006DFA91130)
文摘The occurrence of sulfonamide antibiotics(SAs) was investigated in the six sewage treatment plants(STPs) of Beijing,China.Of the 13 objective antibiotics,sulfamethoxazole,sulfapyridine,sulfamerazine,sulfadiazine and sulfamethizol were detected in the influents with the average concentrations of 1.2 ± 0.45,0.29 ± 0.25,0.048 ± 0.012,0.35 ± 0.52 and 0.33 ± 0.21 μg·L-1,respectively,and those in the effluents were 1.4 ± 0.74,0.22 ± 0.19,0.021 ± 0.008,0.22 ± 0.21and 0.01± 0 μg·L-1,respectively.Sulfamethoxazole was the predominant compound detected,and was found in all wastewater samples with the other two compounds sulfapyridine and sulfamerazine.It should be noted that sulfadiazine was first reported in wastewaters,and the concentration levels of all detected compounds except for sulfamethizol(detected once in the effluent samples) in the influents were observed to be similar to those in the effluents.From the data in this study,it can be found that sulfamethoxazole,sulfapyridine,sulfamerazine and sulfadiazine could be partly removed in anoxic and aerobic treatment unit and vice versa in anaerobic process,which led to their low or even negative removal rates in the effluents.The increase on the concentrations of sulfamethoxazole and sulfapyridine in the effluents was found probably due to the biotransformation of their acetylated forms in anaerobic treatment unit.In addition,it was observed that the biodegradation of sulfamethoxazole and sulfapyridine could partly occur during the anoxic and aerobic process,while sulfamerazine was partly eliminated in the anaerobic and anoxic units.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.21107127 and 51221892)the Ministry of Housing and Urban–rural Development of China (No.2012ZX07313-001-07)the State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry (No.10Y06ESPCR)
文摘Swine wastewater is an important pollution source of antibiotics entering the aquatic environment. In this work,the adsorption behavior of sulfamethazine（SMN）,a commonlyused sulfonamide antibiotic,on activated sludge from a sequencing batch reactor treating swine wastewater was investigated. The results show that the adsorption of SMN on activated sludge was an initially rapid process and reached equilibrium after 6 hr. The removal efficiency of SMN from the water phase increased with an increasing concentration of mixed liquor suspended solids,while the adsorbed concentration of SMN decreased. Solution pH influenced both the speciation of SMN and the surface properties of activated sludge,thus significantly impacting the adsorption process. A linear partition model could give a good fit for the equilibrium concentrations of SMN at the test temperatures（i.e.,10,20 and 30°C）. The partition coefficient（Kd） was determined to be 100.5 L/kg at 20°C,indicating a quite high adsorption capacity for SMN. Thermodynamic analysis revealed that SMN adsorption on activated sludge was an exothermic process. This study could help to clarify the fate and behavior of sulfonamide antibiotics in the activated sludge process and assess consequent environmental risks arising from sludge disposal as well.
