Based on the outstanding characteristics of Cloud Model on the process of transforming a qualitative concept to a set of quantitative numerical values, a formalized model of subjective trust is introduced by which we ...Based on the outstanding characteristics of Cloud Model on the process of transforming a qualitative concept to a set of quantitative numerical values, a formalized model of subjective trust is introduced by which we can transform between qualitative reputation and quantitative voting data. The present paper brings forward algorithms to compute direct trust and recommender trust. Further more, an effective similarity measuring method used to distinguish two users＇ reputation on knowledge level is also proposed. The given model properly settles the uncertainty and fuzziness properties of subjective trust which is always the weakness of traditional subjective trust model, and provides a step in the direction of proper understanding and definition of human trust.展开更多
A new approach to model and control an unknown system using subjective uncertain rules is proposed. This method is established by combining the grey system theory and the qualitative simulation method. The proposed ap...A new approach to model and control an unknown system using subjective uncertain rules is proposed. This method is established by combining the grey system theory and the qualitative simulation method. The proposed approach mainly contains three steps. In the first step, subjective uncertain rules are accumulated gradually during cognizing the system; the mapping relations between the system inputs and outputs are built and represented using the grey qualitative matrix in the second step; in the third step,the generalized whitening function is defined to realize the transformation between qualitative and quantitative information. Besides the theoretical results, two sets of simulations based on a water level control system are conducted comparatively to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. The water level expectation is set to be constant in the first set, while it changes in the second set. The simulation results show that the proposed method tracks the water level expectation well. By combining the proposed method with proportional-integral-derivative(PID) or fuzzy logic controller(FLC), it can be concluded that the system can reach the stable state more quickly and the overshoot can also be reduced compared to using PID or FLC alone.展开更多
This paper is concerned with the contribution of forensic science to the legal process by helping reduce uncertainty.Although it is now widely accepted that uncertainty should be handled by probability because it is a...This paper is concerned with the contribution of forensic science to the legal process by helping reduce uncertainty.Although it is now widely accepted that uncertainty should be handled by probability because it is a safeguard against incoherent proceedings,there remain diverging and conflicting views on how probability ought to be interpreted.This is exemplified by the proposals in scientific literature that call for procedures of probability computation that are referred to as"objective,"suggesting that scientists ought to use them in their reporting to recipients of expert information.I find such proposals objectionable.They need to be viewed cautiously,essentially because ensuing probabilistic statements can be perceived as making forensic science prescriptive.A motivating example from the context of forensic DNA analysis will be chosen to illustrate this.As a main point,it shall be argued that such constraining suggestions can be avoided by interpreting probability as a measure of personal belief,that is,subjective probability.Invoking references to foundational literature from mathematical statistics and philosophy of science,the discussion will explore the consequences of this interdisciplinary viewpoint for the practice of forensic expert reporting.It will be emphasized that-as an operational interpretation of probability_the subjectivist perspective enables forensic science to add value to the legal process,in particular by avoiding inferential impasses to which other interpretations of probability may lead.Moreover,understanding probability from a subjective perspective can encourage participants in the legal process to take on more responsibility in matters regarding the coherent handling of uncertainty.This would assure more balanced interactions at the interface between science and the law.This,in turn,provides support for ongoing developments that can be called the"probabilization"of forensic science.展开更多
基金Supported bythe National Basic Research Programof China (973 Program) (G2004CB719401) National Natural Sci-ence Foundation of China (60496323 ,60375016)
文摘Based on the outstanding characteristics of Cloud Model on the process of transforming a qualitative concept to a set of quantitative numerical values, a formalized model of subjective trust is introduced by which we can transform between qualitative reputation and quantitative voting data. The present paper brings forward algorithms to compute direct trust and recommender trust. Further more, an effective similarity measuring method used to distinguish two users＇ reputation on knowledge level is also proposed. The given model properly settles the uncertainty and fuzziness properties of subjective trust which is always the weakness of traditional subjective trust model, and provides a step in the direction of proper understanding and definition of human trust.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61075073 and 61375079)
文摘A new approach to model and control an unknown system using subjective uncertain rules is proposed. This method is established by combining the grey system theory and the qualitative simulation method. The proposed approach mainly contains three steps. In the first step, subjective uncertain rules are accumulated gradually during cognizing the system; the mapping relations between the system inputs and outputs are built and represented using the grey qualitative matrix in the second step; in the third step,the generalized whitening function is defined to realize the transformation between qualitative and quantitative information. Besides the theoretical results, two sets of simulations based on a water level control system are conducted comparatively to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. The water level expectation is set to be constant in the first set, while it changes in the second set. The simulation results show that the proposed method tracks the water level expectation well. By combining the proposed method with proportional-integral-derivative(PID) or fuzzy logic controller(FLC), it can be concluded that the system can reach the stable state more quickly and the overshoot can also be reduced compared to using PID or FLC alone.
文摘This paper is concerned with the contribution of forensic science to the legal process by helping reduce uncertainty.Although it is now widely accepted that uncertainty should be handled by probability because it is a safeguard against incoherent proceedings,there remain diverging and conflicting views on how probability ought to be interpreted.This is exemplified by the proposals in scientific literature that call for procedures of probability computation that are referred to as"objective,"suggesting that scientists ought to use them in their reporting to recipients of expert information.I find such proposals objectionable.They need to be viewed cautiously,essentially because ensuing probabilistic statements can be perceived as making forensic science prescriptive.A motivating example from the context of forensic DNA analysis will be chosen to illustrate this.As a main point,it shall be argued that such constraining suggestions can be avoided by interpreting probability as a measure of personal belief,that is,subjective probability.Invoking references to foundational literature from mathematical statistics and philosophy of science,the discussion will explore the consequences of this interdisciplinary viewpoint for the practice of forensic expert reporting.It will be emphasized that-as an operational interpretation of probability_the subjectivist perspective enables forensic science to add value to the legal process,in particular by avoiding inferential impasses to which other interpretations of probability may lead.Moreover,understanding probability from a subjective perspective can encourage participants in the legal process to take on more responsibility in matters regarding the coherent handling of uncertainty.This would assure more balanced interactions at the interface between science and the law.This,in turn,provides support for ongoing developments that can be called the"probabilization"of forensic science.
