To meet the needs of the human-machine co-driving decision problem in the intelligent assisted driving system for real-time comprehensive driving ability evaluation of drivers,this paper proposes a real-time comprehen...To meet the needs of the human-machine co-driving decision problem in the intelligent assisted driving system for real-time comprehensive driving ability evaluation of drivers,this paper proposes a real-time comprehensive driving ability evaluation method that integrates driving skill,driving state,and driving style.Firstly,by analyzing the driving experiment data obtained based on the intelligent driving simulation platform(the experiment can effectively distinguish the driver's driving skills and avoid the interference of driving style),the feature values that significantly represent driving skills and driving state are selected,and the time correlation between driving state and driving skills is pointed out.Furthermore,the concept of relativity in comprehensive driving ability evaluation is further proposed.Under this concept,the natural driving trajectory dataset-HighD is used to establish the distribution map of feature values of the human driver group as the evaluation benchmark to realize the relative evaluation of driving skill and driving state.Similarly,HighD is used to establish a distribution map of human driver style feature values as an evaluation benchmark to achieve relative driving style evaluation.Finally,a comprehensive driving ability evaluation model with a“punishment”and“affirmation”mechanism is proposed.The experimental comparative analysis shows that the evaluation algorithm proposed in this paper can take into account the driver's driving skill,driving state,and driving style in the real-time comprehensive driving ability evaluation,and draw differential evaluation conclusions based on the“punishment”and“affirmation”mechanism model to achieve a comprehensive and objective evaluation of the driver's driving ability.It can meet the needs of human-machine shared driving decisions for driver's driving ability evaluation.展开更多
Background Various differences between China and Japan in approaches to medical treatment have been noted,but a few studies have examined differences in medical decision-making,especially in neonatal care.The aim of t...Background Various differences between China and Japan in approaches to medical treatment have been noted,but a few studies have examined differences in medical decision-making,especially in neonatal care.The aim of this study was to clarify these differences by means of a questionnaire.Methods The subjects were physicians on the staff of NICUs in China and Japan.The study questionnaire consisted of three parts dealing with the general characteristics of the participants,questions about treatment strategies for hypothetical,critically ill infants,and general questions about the treatment of foreign patients.The Likert scale was used to assess the treatment strategies and the results were analyzed statistically.Subgroup analysis by age,sex,and medical and NICU experience was also performed.Results The proportion of respondents in the Chinese and Japanese groups was 26/26 (100%) and 26/31 (84%),respectively.There was a significant difference between the Chinese and Japanese groups for 8 of 75 questions;Chinese physicians chose the positive treatment or examination options for these eight questions unlike their Japanese counterparts.The responses of the younger,less experienced physicians in both countries were more similar to each other,and more positive than those of their older,more experienced colleagues.Conclusion Chinese physicians showed a more positive attitude toward examination and treatment,whereas Japanese physicians showed a more cautious attitude.展开更多
基金This work is supported by the National Key R&D Program of China[grant number 2021YFB2501800]the National Natural Science Foundation of China[grant number 61802280,61806143,61772365,41772123]+1 种基金the Science and Technology Project of Tianjin City[grant number 21YDTPJC00130]the Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin City[grant number 18JCQNJC77200].
文摘To meet the needs of the human-machine co-driving decision problem in the intelligent assisted driving system for real-time comprehensive driving ability evaluation of drivers,this paper proposes a real-time comprehensive driving ability evaluation method that integrates driving skill,driving state,and driving style.Firstly,by analyzing the driving experiment data obtained based on the intelligent driving simulation platform(the experiment can effectively distinguish the driver's driving skills and avoid the interference of driving style),the feature values that significantly represent driving skills and driving state are selected,and the time correlation between driving state and driving skills is pointed out.Furthermore,the concept of relativity in comprehensive driving ability evaluation is further proposed.Under this concept,the natural driving trajectory dataset-HighD is used to establish the distribution map of feature values of the human driver group as the evaluation benchmark to realize the relative evaluation of driving skill and driving state.Similarly,HighD is used to establish a distribution map of human driver style feature values as an evaluation benchmark to achieve relative driving style evaluation.Finally,a comprehensive driving ability evaluation model with a“punishment”and“affirmation”mechanism is proposed.The experimental comparative analysis shows that the evaluation algorithm proposed in this paper can take into account the driver's driving skill,driving state,and driving style in the real-time comprehensive driving ability evaluation,and draw differential evaluation conclusions based on the“punishment”and“affirmation”mechanism model to achieve a comprehensive and objective evaluation of the driver's driving ability.It can meet the needs of human-machine shared driving decisions for driver's driving ability evaluation.
文摘Background Various differences between China and Japan in approaches to medical treatment have been noted,but a few studies have examined differences in medical decision-making,especially in neonatal care.The aim of this study was to clarify these differences by means of a questionnaire.Methods The subjects were physicians on the staff of NICUs in China and Japan.The study questionnaire consisted of three parts dealing with the general characteristics of the participants,questions about treatment strategies for hypothetical,critically ill infants,and general questions about the treatment of foreign patients.The Likert scale was used to assess the treatment strategies and the results were analyzed statistically.Subgroup analysis by age,sex,and medical and NICU experience was also performed.Results The proportion of respondents in the Chinese and Japanese groups was 26/26 (100%) and 26/31 (84%),respectively.There was a significant difference between the Chinese and Japanese groups for 8 of 75 questions;Chinese physicians chose the positive treatment or examination options for these eight questions unlike their Japanese counterparts.The responses of the younger,less experienced physicians in both countries were more similar to each other,and more positive than those of their older,more experienced colleagues.Conclusion Chinese physicians showed a more positive attitude toward examination and treatment,whereas Japanese physicians showed a more cautious attitude.
