目的应用医用臭氧气浴技术,行体外载体定量细菌杀菌实验,观察其杀菌效果,为临床治疗感染创面提供实验基础。方法受试菌株包括3株标准菌株和武汉市第三医院烧伤研究所烧伤患者创面分泌物中培养分离的耐药菌株27株。3株标准菌株为ATCC2592...目的应用医用臭氧气浴技术,行体外载体定量细菌杀菌实验,观察其杀菌效果,为临床治疗感染创面提供实验基础。方法受试菌株包括3株标准菌株和武汉市第三医院烧伤研究所烧伤患者创面分泌物中培养分离的耐药菌株27株。3株标准菌株为ATCC25923金黄色葡萄球菌,ATCC29592大肠杆菌,ATCC27853铜绿假单胞菌;烧伤患者创面分泌物中培养分离的耐药菌株:耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌10株、铜绿假单胞菌7株、大肠杆菌5株及白色念珠菌5株。制备各种菌株的菌悬液,比浊后浓度为0.5×108~1.5×108cfu/m L,均取0.1 m L涂布于无菌平皿中央,将涂有受试菌悬液的平皿按照干预方法的不同,随机分为两组,即臭氧气浴实验组和微波照射对照组。将臭氧气浴实验组染菌平皿放入密闭无菌玻璃罐内,分别依次放入罐内2个相同染菌平皿并揭开皿盖,连接臭氧发生器装置,并将通气管插入密闭无菌玻璃罐内,保持罐内臭氧浓度为50μg/m L,开启臭氧气机开始计时,分别干预10、30、60 min。同时,微波照射对照组分别依次将2个相同染菌平皿放入超净工作台上,采用低强度微波距染菌平皿3 cm垂直照射做对照,分别照射10、30、60 min。两组实验均重复3次。实验毕,两组每个时相点各取出2个平皿加入0.9 m L 0.9%氯化钠溶液,吹打稀释后,取1 m L倾注琼脂于平皿上,盖上皿盖待含菌培养基凝固后,置37℃恒温培养箱内培养24 h(白色念珠菌培养72 h),采用涂抹平板计数法作细菌菌落计数,计算并采用t检验比较两组平皿不同时相点的杀菌率。结果臭氧气浴实验组在通臭氧气浴10 min时,受试的3株标准菌株及临床烧伤患者创面分离的耐药菌株中的耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、铜绿假单胞菌的平均杀菌率为(68.51±10.48)%,与微波照射对照组微波照射10 min时同等菌株的平均杀菌率(50.65±13.28)%比较,差异有统计学意义(t=2.586,P展开更多
In the past 20 years, the classic paradigm in radiobiology recognizing DNA as the main target for the action of radiation has changed. The new paradigm assumes that both targeted and non-targeted effects of radiation ...In the past 20 years, the classic paradigm in radiobiology recognizing DNA as the main target for the action of radiation has changed. The new paradigm assumes that both targeted and non-targeted effects of radiation determine the final outcome of irradiation. Radiotherapy is one of the main modality treatments of neoplastic diseases with intent to cure, or sometimes to palliate only, thus radiation-induced non-targeted effect, commonly referred to as the radiation-induced bystander effect (RIBE) may have a share in cancer treatment. RIBE is mediated by molecular signaling from radiation targeted cells to their non-irradiated neighbors, and comprises such phenomena as bystander effect, genomic instability, adaptive response and abscopal effect. Whereas first three phenomena may appear both in vitro and in vivo, an abscopal effect is closely related to partial body irradiation and is a systemic effect mediated by immunologic system which synergizes with radiotherapy. From the clinical point of view abscopal effect is particularly interesting due to both its possible valuable contribution to the treatment of metastases, and the potential harmful effects as induction of genetic instability and carcinogenesis. This review summarized the main results of investigations of non-targeted effects coming from in vitro monolayer cultures, 3-dimentional models of tissues, preclinical studies on rodents and clinically observed beneficial abscopal effects with particular emphasis on participation of immunotherapy in the creation of abscopal effects.展开更多
Objective:To formulate and evaluate in vitro,surface-modified solid lipid microspheres containing hal of antrine using lipid matrix formed from goat fat and a phospholipid(P90H). Methods:The model drug,hal of antrine ...Objective:To formulate and evaluate in vitro,surface-modified solid lipid microspheres containing hal of antrine using lipid matrix formed from goat fat and a phospholipid(P90H). Methods:The model drug,hal of antrine in an increasing concentration of 1%,2%,3%,4% and 5%w/w was incorporated into surface-modified solid lipid microspheres formulated by hot homogenization.Effect of drug concentration on the encapsulation efficiency was studied. The dispersion was evaluated using particle size,particle morphology,pH and encapsulation efficiency.The drug formulation with highest encapsulation efficiency was selected and used for the release studies and compared with the release from a commercial dosage form(Halfan~? 250 mg tablet,Claxo-Smithkline,Mayenne France) using simulated gastric fluid(SGF pH 1.2), simulated intestinal fluid(SIF pH 7.2) and phosphate buffer(pH 6.8) as biorelevant media. Results were analyzed statistically and the level of significance was taken to be P【0.05). Results:Discrete and spherical solid lipid microspheres were produced.The particle size of the dispersion was low(32.48-33.87μm) with minimal particle growth and high encapsulation efficiencies(86.8%-91.0%) after 3 months.The pH of the microspheres dispersion changed appreciably after 3 months.In vitro release result obtained revealed sustained and controlled drug release from the lipid microspheres compared with the tablet dosage form.Conclosions: Formulation of hal of antrine as solid lipid microspheres presents a better alternative to the conventional tablet formulation as the in vitro dissolution of the highly lipophilic hal of antrine was highly improved.展开更多
Medical-grade poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) is extensively employed in the fabrication of a variety of medical implants, including intraocular lenses (IOLs). However, a postoperative complication that leads to the ...Medical-grade poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) is extensively employed in the fabrication of a variety of medical implants, including intraocular lenses (IOLs). However, a postoperative complication that leads to the failure of the implanted intraocular lenses has been recently identified. This process, termed calcification, occurs when calcium-containing deposits accumulate on the surface of the IOL. In this study direct gas fluorination was used to modify the surface of PMMA in an attempt to increase the service lifetime of the material in optical applications. PMMA discs exposed to a 20% fluorine/nitrogen gas mixture for 24 h were compared with untreated PMMA discs serving as control samples. Over time, both surface-fluorinated and untreated PMMA samples immersed in a simulated aqueous humour solution (SAHS) (pH 7.4, 35°C) were used to carry out in vitro studies. Attenuated total refractive Infrared spectroscopy (ATR-IR) Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), coupled with Energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), showed that calcium-containing surface deposits were less abundant on surface-fluorinated PMMA compared with the control samples, indicating that the fluorinated surface was acting as a barrier to the deposits. Gravimetric analysis data showed that the decreased rate of diffusion compared with that of a control sample was due to the fluorinated surface.展开更多
文摘目的应用医用臭氧气浴技术,行体外载体定量细菌杀菌实验,观察其杀菌效果,为临床治疗感染创面提供实验基础。方法受试菌株包括3株标准菌株和武汉市第三医院烧伤研究所烧伤患者创面分泌物中培养分离的耐药菌株27株。3株标准菌株为ATCC25923金黄色葡萄球菌,ATCC29592大肠杆菌,ATCC27853铜绿假单胞菌;烧伤患者创面分泌物中培养分离的耐药菌株:耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌10株、铜绿假单胞菌7株、大肠杆菌5株及白色念珠菌5株。制备各种菌株的菌悬液,比浊后浓度为0.5×108~1.5×108cfu/m L,均取0.1 m L涂布于无菌平皿中央,将涂有受试菌悬液的平皿按照干预方法的不同,随机分为两组,即臭氧气浴实验组和微波照射对照组。将臭氧气浴实验组染菌平皿放入密闭无菌玻璃罐内,分别依次放入罐内2个相同染菌平皿并揭开皿盖,连接臭氧发生器装置,并将通气管插入密闭无菌玻璃罐内,保持罐内臭氧浓度为50μg/m L,开启臭氧气机开始计时,分别干预10、30、60 min。同时,微波照射对照组分别依次将2个相同染菌平皿放入超净工作台上,采用低强度微波距染菌平皿3 cm垂直照射做对照,分别照射10、30、60 min。两组实验均重复3次。实验毕,两组每个时相点各取出2个平皿加入0.9 m L 0.9%氯化钠溶液,吹打稀释后,取1 m L倾注琼脂于平皿上,盖上皿盖待含菌培养基凝固后,置37℃恒温培养箱内培养24 h(白色念珠菌培养72 h),采用涂抹平板计数法作细菌菌落计数,计算并采用t检验比较两组平皿不同时相点的杀菌率。结果臭氧气浴实验组在通臭氧气浴10 min时,受试的3株标准菌株及临床烧伤患者创面分离的耐药菌株中的耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、铜绿假单胞菌的平均杀菌率为(68.51±10.48)%,与微波照射对照组微波照射10 min时同等菌株的平均杀菌率(50.65±13.28)%比较,差异有统计学意义(t=2.586,P
文摘In the past 20 years, the classic paradigm in radiobiology recognizing DNA as the main target for the action of radiation has changed. The new paradigm assumes that both targeted and non-targeted effects of radiation determine the final outcome of irradiation. Radiotherapy is one of the main modality treatments of neoplastic diseases with intent to cure, or sometimes to palliate only, thus radiation-induced non-targeted effect, commonly referred to as the radiation-induced bystander effect (RIBE) may have a share in cancer treatment. RIBE is mediated by molecular signaling from radiation targeted cells to their non-irradiated neighbors, and comprises such phenomena as bystander effect, genomic instability, adaptive response and abscopal effect. Whereas first three phenomena may appear both in vitro and in vivo, an abscopal effect is closely related to partial body irradiation and is a systemic effect mediated by immunologic system which synergizes with radiotherapy. From the clinical point of view abscopal effect is particularly interesting due to both its possible valuable contribution to the treatment of metastases, and the potential harmful effects as induction of genetic instability and carcinogenesis. This review summarized the main results of investigations of non-targeted effects coming from in vitro monolayer cultures, 3-dimentional models of tissues, preclinical studies on rodents and clinically observed beneficial abscopal effects with particular emphasis on participation of immunotherapy in the creation of abscopal effects.
基金Funded by the International Foundation for Science(IFS), Sweden(IFS No.F/4467-1)
文摘Objective:To formulate and evaluate in vitro,surface-modified solid lipid microspheres containing hal of antrine using lipid matrix formed from goat fat and a phospholipid(P90H). Methods:The model drug,hal of antrine in an increasing concentration of 1%,2%,3%,4% and 5%w/w was incorporated into surface-modified solid lipid microspheres formulated by hot homogenization.Effect of drug concentration on the encapsulation efficiency was studied. The dispersion was evaluated using particle size,particle morphology,pH and encapsulation efficiency.The drug formulation with highest encapsulation efficiency was selected and used for the release studies and compared with the release from a commercial dosage form(Halfan~? 250 mg tablet,Claxo-Smithkline,Mayenne France) using simulated gastric fluid(SGF pH 1.2), simulated intestinal fluid(SIF pH 7.2) and phosphate buffer(pH 6.8) as biorelevant media. Results were analyzed statistically and the level of significance was taken to be P【0.05). Results:Discrete and spherical solid lipid microspheres were produced.The particle size of the dispersion was low(32.48-33.87μm) with minimal particle growth and high encapsulation efficiencies(86.8%-91.0%) after 3 months.The pH of the microspheres dispersion changed appreciably after 3 months.In vitro release result obtained revealed sustained and controlled drug release from the lipid microspheres compared with the tablet dosage form.Conclosions: Formulation of hal of antrine as solid lipid microspheres presents a better alternative to the conventional tablet formulation as the in vitro dissolution of the highly lipophilic hal of antrine was highly improved.
文摘Medical-grade poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) is extensively employed in the fabrication of a variety of medical implants, including intraocular lenses (IOLs). However, a postoperative complication that leads to the failure of the implanted intraocular lenses has been recently identified. This process, termed calcification, occurs when calcium-containing deposits accumulate on the surface of the IOL. In this study direct gas fluorination was used to modify the surface of PMMA in an attempt to increase the service lifetime of the material in optical applications. PMMA discs exposed to a 20% fluorine/nitrogen gas mixture for 24 h were compared with untreated PMMA discs serving as control samples. Over time, both surface-fluorinated and untreated PMMA samples immersed in a simulated aqueous humour solution (SAHS) (pH 7.4, 35°C) were used to carry out in vitro studies. Attenuated total refractive Infrared spectroscopy (ATR-IR) Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), coupled with Energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), showed that calcium-containing surface deposits were less abundant on surface-fluorinated PMMA compared with the control samples, indicating that the fluorinated surface was acting as a barrier to the deposits. Gravimetric analysis data showed that the decreased rate of diffusion compared with that of a control sample was due to the fluorinated surface.
