The current study gathered preliminary data relative to the influences on intercollegiate athletes’ multiple health behavior. A secondary objective was to inform future measurement of identified factors. A sample of ...The current study gathered preliminary data relative to the influences on intercollegiate athletes’ multiple health behavior. A secondary objective was to inform future measurement of identified factors. A sample of 20 intercollegiate athletes participated in an open-ended survey, followed by a corresponding focus groups (≈90-minute). Qualitative data were gathered relative to the factors impacting athletes’ excessive alcohol intake, fruit and vegetable consumption (FVC), and maintenance of physical activity after college. In general, participating athletes reported influences within their social and physical environments (friends, bar accessibility, etc.) as the leading enablers of their excessive alcohol intake, while individual level influences were the most salient reasons not to drink excessively (responsibilities, health, etc.). Individual characteristics (taste preference, health, and expense) and the physical environment (availability and accessibility) were reported as the most salient levels of influence on athletes’ FVC. And when anticipating future maintenance of physical activity, athletes mostly reported individual level influences (outcome expectation, intrinsic motivation, etc.), with mention of family and friend influences. An in-depth comparison of current outcomes to similar research among young adult and athlete populations is provided, including validated measurement scales and future research suggestions. Current results provide an essential foundation for progressive research examinations among similar populations.展开更多
以标准瑞文推理测验为工具,测量不同年龄段学生运动员的图形推理能力,探索推理能力各维度的发展规律,分析青少年图形推理过程的眼动机制和视觉扫描策略。选取北京市某小学(n=31)和初中(n=26)体育俱乐部,及某体育院校大学生(n=15)为被试...以标准瑞文推理测验为工具,测量不同年龄段学生运动员的图形推理能力,探索推理能力各维度的发展规律,分析青少年图形推理过程的眼动机制和视觉扫描策略。选取北京市某小学(n=31)和初中(n=26)体育俱乐部,及某体育院校大学生(n=15)为被试,平均年龄14.6岁。推理测验在计算机上进行,采用德国SMI公司生产的I View X HED眼动追踪系统记录被试的眼动数据,采用方差分析。结果发现:学生运动员图形推理能力的发展表现出递进式规律。在知觉辨别、图形比较与组合,以及简单图形系统变化的认识在小学阶段(11岁前)已有较好发展。随着年龄的增长,年级差异主要表现在系列关系、图形比拟及互换、交错等抽象推理能力上。与低分组相比,高推理能力的青少年在推理过程中的眼跳次数更多,题干内视觉扫描策略更清晰。图形记忆能力对推理过程没有影响,但表象构建能力与图形推理能力高度相关;短时间的策略引导和表象构建训练可以提高学生运动员的图形推理能力。展开更多
文摘The current study gathered preliminary data relative to the influences on intercollegiate athletes’ multiple health behavior. A secondary objective was to inform future measurement of identified factors. A sample of 20 intercollegiate athletes participated in an open-ended survey, followed by a corresponding focus groups (≈90-minute). Qualitative data were gathered relative to the factors impacting athletes’ excessive alcohol intake, fruit and vegetable consumption (FVC), and maintenance of physical activity after college. In general, participating athletes reported influences within their social and physical environments (friends, bar accessibility, etc.) as the leading enablers of their excessive alcohol intake, while individual level influences were the most salient reasons not to drink excessively (responsibilities, health, etc.). Individual characteristics (taste preference, health, and expense) and the physical environment (availability and accessibility) were reported as the most salient levels of influence on athletes’ FVC. And when anticipating future maintenance of physical activity, athletes mostly reported individual level influences (outcome expectation, intrinsic motivation, etc.), with mention of family and friend influences. An in-depth comparison of current outcomes to similar research among young adult and athlete populations is provided, including validated measurement scales and future research suggestions. Current results provide an essential foundation for progressive research examinations among similar populations.
文摘以标准瑞文推理测验为工具,测量不同年龄段学生运动员的图形推理能力,探索推理能力各维度的发展规律,分析青少年图形推理过程的眼动机制和视觉扫描策略。选取北京市某小学(n=31)和初中(n=26)体育俱乐部,及某体育院校大学生(n=15)为被试,平均年龄14.6岁。推理测验在计算机上进行,采用德国SMI公司生产的I View X HED眼动追踪系统记录被试的眼动数据,采用方差分析。结果发现:学生运动员图形推理能力的发展表现出递进式规律。在知觉辨别、图形比较与组合,以及简单图形系统变化的认识在小学阶段(11岁前)已有较好发展。随着年龄的增长,年级差异主要表现在系列关系、图形比拟及互换、交错等抽象推理能力上。与低分组相比,高推理能力的青少年在推理过程中的眼跳次数更多,题干内视觉扫描策略更清晰。图形记忆能力对推理过程没有影响,但表象构建能力与图形推理能力高度相关;短时间的策略引导和表象构建训练可以提高学生运动员的图形推理能力。
