This paper provides a first preliminary description of the dependencies between the stapedius muscle’s behavior and its neuronal activation with the adjustment of cochlear implants in mind. For that, stapedial electr...This paper provides a first preliminary description of the dependencies between the stapedius muscle’s behavior and its neuronal activation with the adjustment of cochlear implants in mind. For that, stapedial electromyography (EMG) data are compared with EMG data which were derived from the quadriceps femoris muscle. The rationale behind is, that the stapedius muscle is classified as a striated skeletal muscle as the quadriceps femoris muscle is. Thus, the stapedius should expose a behavior which is similar to that of peripheral skeletal muscles. The stapedial reactions were provoked with contralateral acoustic stimulation and ipsilateral electrical stimulation, respectively. The data from the quadriceps femoris muscle were evoked voluntarily. The correlation of the derived data and their stimuli have shown the following main key points: 1) The stapedius muscle behaves like a regular skeletal muscle;2) The stapedius muscle exhibits an extended range in which the muscle’s force is linear to the stimulation;3) On both sides of the linear regime, the stapedius muscle exhibits a sigmoidal behavior.展开更多
In this text, the authors recall the main principles and data ruling cochlear implants. Then, a first circle of technical equipment for assistance is presented. This circle includes: device setting (DS), Electrically ...In this text, the authors recall the main principles and data ruling cochlear implants. Then, a first circle of technical equipment for assistance is presented. This circle includes: device setting (DS), Electrically evoked Auditory Brainstem Responses (EABR), Neural Response Telemetry (NRT), Stapedial Reflex (SR) and Electrodogram Acquisition (EA). This first cycle becomes more and more important as children are implanted younger and younger; the amount of data available with this assistance makes necessary the use of models (implicit or explicit) to handle this information. Consequently, this field is more open than ever.1 Introduction1 1.1 About Hearing Mechanisms The hearing function in human beings is something very specific and difficult to understand because it uses the brain highest functions. Basically, we can say (figure 1) that several stages are involved [1]: It is not easy to give a unique interpretation to each one of these stages, as most of the involved processes overlap at all levels. Nevertheless, as a brief summary, let us assume that [2]: l The ear transmits the air vibrations and transforms them into electric stimuli compatible with nerve excitation, l Auditory pathways carry the electric pulses; exchanges take place, through decussation and information goes up using left and right channels. Also, specific features in the signal are detected and encoded before reaching the brain (phonetic features), l Brain interpretation matches input cues with the previously stored data into the memory and make association at different levels of language. In this text, we will come back on some ear features, mostly on the transformation of acoustical vibrations into electrical information transmitted to the brain. We will focus on the technical circle, but people fitted with a cochlear implant (CI) must be seen at all levels of language [3] and a typical team is composed of: l a E.N.T. (Ear Nose Throat) practitioner, l the surgeon performing the implantation, l a psychologist (a strong will and a good surro展开更多
文摘This paper provides a first preliminary description of the dependencies between the stapedius muscle’s behavior and its neuronal activation with the adjustment of cochlear implants in mind. For that, stapedial electromyography (EMG) data are compared with EMG data which were derived from the quadriceps femoris muscle. The rationale behind is, that the stapedius muscle is classified as a striated skeletal muscle as the quadriceps femoris muscle is. Thus, the stapedius should expose a behavior which is similar to that of peripheral skeletal muscles. The stapedial reactions were provoked with contralateral acoustic stimulation and ipsilateral electrical stimulation, respectively. The data from the quadriceps femoris muscle were evoked voluntarily. The correlation of the derived data and their stimuli have shown the following main key points: 1) The stapedius muscle behaves like a regular skeletal muscle;2) The stapedius muscle exhibits an extended range in which the muscle’s force is linear to the stimulation;3) On both sides of the linear regime, the stapedius muscle exhibits a sigmoidal behavior.
文摘In this text, the authors recall the main principles and data ruling cochlear implants. Then, a first circle of technical equipment for assistance is presented. This circle includes: device setting (DS), Electrically evoked Auditory Brainstem Responses (EABR), Neural Response Telemetry (NRT), Stapedial Reflex (SR) and Electrodogram Acquisition (EA). This first cycle becomes more and more important as children are implanted younger and younger; the amount of data available with this assistance makes necessary the use of models (implicit or explicit) to handle this information. Consequently, this field is more open than ever.1 Introduction1 1.1 About Hearing Mechanisms The hearing function in human beings is something very specific and difficult to understand because it uses the brain highest functions. Basically, we can say (figure 1) that several stages are involved [1]: It is not easy to give a unique interpretation to each one of these stages, as most of the involved processes overlap at all levels. Nevertheless, as a brief summary, let us assume that [2]: l The ear transmits the air vibrations and transforms them into electric stimuli compatible with nerve excitation, l Auditory pathways carry the electric pulses; exchanges take place, through decussation and information goes up using left and right channels. Also, specific features in the signal are detected and encoded before reaching the brain (phonetic features), l Brain interpretation matches input cues with the previously stored data into the memory and make association at different levels of language. In this text, we will come back on some ear features, mostly on the transformation of acoustical vibrations into electrical information transmitted to the brain. We will focus on the technical circle, but people fitted with a cochlear implant (CI) must be seen at all levels of language [3] and a typical team is composed of: l a E.N.T. (Ear Nose Throat) practitioner, l the surgeon performing the implantation, l a psychologist (a strong will and a good surro
