Global warming increases the vulnerability of plants, especially alpine herbaceous species, to local extinction. In this study, we collected species distribution information from herbarium specimens for ten selected C...Global warming increases the vulnerability of plants, especially alpine herbaceous species, to local extinction. In this study, we collected species distribution information from herbarium specimens for ten selected Cyananthus and Primula alpine species endemic to the Himalaya-Hengduan Mountains(HHM).Combined with climate data from WorldClim, we used Maximum Entropy Modeling(MaxEnt) to project distributional changes from the current time period to 2070. Our predictions indicate that, under a wide range of climate change scenarios, the distributions of all species will shift upward in elevation and northward in latitude; furthermore, under these scenarios, species will expand the size of their range. For the majority of the species in this study, habitats are available to mitigate upward and northward shifts that are projected to be induced by changing climate. If current climate projections, however, increase in magnitude or continue to increase past our projection dates, suitable habitat for future occupation by alpine species will be limited as we predict range contraction or less range expansion for some of the species under more intensified climate scenarios. Our study not only underscores the value of herbarium source information for future climate model projections but also suggests that future studies on the effects of climate change on alpine species should include additional biotic and abiotic factors to provide greater resolution of the local dynamics associated with species persistence under a warming climate.展开更多
Knowledge about climate change impacts on species distribution at national scale is critical to biodi- versity conservation and design of management programs. Although China is a biodiversity hot spot in the world, po...Knowledge about climate change impacts on species distribution at national scale is critical to biodi- versity conservation and design of management programs. Although China is a biodiversity hot spot in the world, potential influence of climate change on Chinese protected birds is rarely studied. Here, we assess the impact of climate change on 108 protected bird species and nature reserves using species distribution modeling at a relatively fine spatial resolution （1 km） for the first time. We found that a large proportion of protected species would have potential suitable habitat shrink and northward range shift by 77-90 km in response to projected future climate change in 2080. Southeastern China would suffer from losing climate suitability, whereas the climate conditions in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and northeastern China were projected to become suitable for more protected species. On average, each protected area in decline of suitable climate for China would experience a 3-4 species by 2080. Cli- mate change will modify which species each protected area will be suitable for. Our results showed that the risk of extinction for Chinese protected birds would be high, even in the moderate climate change scenario. These findings indicate that the management and design of nature reserves in China must take climate change into consideration.展开更多
The ecology and evolutionary biology of insect-plant associations has real- ized extensive attention, especially during the past 60 years. The classifications （categorical designations） of continuous variation in bi...The ecology and evolutionary biology of insect-plant associations has real- ized extensive attention, especially during the past 60 years. The classifications （categorical designations） of continuous variation in biodiversity, ranging from global patterns （e.g., lat- itudinal gradients in species richness/diversity and degree of herbivore feeding specialization） to localized insect-plant associations that span the biospectrum from polyphenisms, polymorphisms, biotypes, demes, host races, to cryptic species, remain academically contentious. Semantic and biosystematic （taxonomical） disagreements sometimes detract from more important ecological and evolutionary processes that drive diversification, the dynamics of gene flow and local extinctions. This review addresses several aspects of insect specialization, host-associated divergence and ecological （including ＂hybrid＂） speciation, with special reference to the climate warming impacts on species borders of hybridiz- ing swallowtail butterflies （Papilionidae）. Interspecific hybrid introgression may result in collapse of multi-species communities or increase species numbers via homoploid hybrid speciation. We may see diverging, merging, or emerging genotypes across hybrid zones, all part of the ongoing processes of evolution. Molecular analyses of genetic mosaics and genomic dynamics with ＂divergence hitchhiking＂, combined with ecological, ethological and physiological studies of＂species porosity＂, have already begun to unveil some answers for some important ecological/evolutionary questions. （i） How rapidly can host-associated divergence lead to new species （and why doesn＇t it always do so, e.g., resulting in ＂incom- plete＂ speciation）？ （ii） How might ＂speciation genes＂ function, and how/where would we find them？ （iii） Can oscillations from specialists to generalists and back to specialists help explain global diversity in herbivorous insects？ （iv） How could recombinant interspecific hybridization l展开更多
Many different factors,such as species traits,socio-economic factors,geographical and environmental factors,can lead to specimen collection preference.This study aims to determine whether grassland specimen collection...Many different factors,such as species traits,socio-economic factors,geographical and environmental factors,can lead to specimen collection preference.This study aims to determine whether grassland specimen collection in China is preferred by species traits(i.e.,plant height,flowering and fruiting period),environmental range(i.e.,the temperature and precipitation range)and geographical range(i.e.,distribution range and altitudinal range).Ordinary least squares models and phylogenetic generalized linear mixed models were used to analyze the relationships between specimen number and the explanatory variables.Random Forest models were then used to find the most parsimonious multivariate model.The results showed that interannual variation in specimen number between 1900 and 2020 was considerable.Specimen number of these species in southeast China was notably lower than that in northwest China.Environmental range and geographical range of species had significant positive correlations with specimen number.In addition,there were relatively weak but significant associations between specimen number and species trait(i.e.,plant height and flowering and fruiting period).Random Forest models indicated that distribution range was the most important variable,followed by flowering and fruiting period,and altitudinal range.These findings suggest that future floristic surveys should pay more attention to species with small geographical range,narrow environmental range,short plant height,and short flowering and fruiting period.The correction of specimen collection preference will also make the results of species distribution model,species evolution and other works based on specimen data more accurate.展开更多
The European rabbit Oryctolagus cuniculus is an exotic herbivorous mammal undergoing an active phase of geographical expansion in the arid ecosystems of Argentina.The Adaptive Flexibility Hypothesis states that popula...The European rabbit Oryctolagus cuniculus is an exotic herbivorous mammal undergoing an active phase of geographical expansion in the arid ecosystems of Argentina.The Adaptive Flexibility Hypothesis states that populations at the range edge(new populations)will exhibit greater fexibility in the use of resources compared with populations located in the range core(older populations).The objective of this work was to compare the rabbit’s use of spatial and trophic resources in relation to the establishment time of their populations.The sampling was carried out for 2 years(2017 and 2018)in sites with different establishment times for rabbit populations.Random sampling stratifed by type of habitat was applied using 115 fxed strip transects of 1,000 m^(2) laid out across the study areas.Fresh rabbit signs were recorded in each transect,and environmental and anthropic variables were measured.Our results show that the individuals from the range edge are more selective in the use of habitat than those from the range core.At the microhabitat level,we observed a pattern in the particular components of habitat use by rabbits mainly linked to food availability and proximity to water.From a trophic perspective,rabbits could show fexible adjustment to novel conditions and environments in the range edge.The variability in resource use by the European rabbit confrms its ecological fexibility,pivotal for their advance toward new environments in Argentina.展开更多
2010年7月至2011年4月、2011年8月至2012年8月,在海南万泉河琼海段,应用无线电遥测技术研究了外来物种红耳龟(Trachemys scripta elegans)和本地种中华条颈龟(Mauremys sinensis)的家域。采用最小凸多边形法和线家域法计算了所有个体的...2010年7月至2011年4月、2011年8月至2012年8月,在海南万泉河琼海段,应用无线电遥测技术研究了外来物种红耳龟(Trachemys scripta elegans)和本地种中华条颈龟(Mauremys sinensis)的家域。采用最小凸多边形法和线家域法计算了所有个体的家域大小和不同个体间家域的重叠状况。结果表明:(1)红耳龟和中华条颈龟的家域面积分别为(8.15±2.83)hm2、(5.82±3.95)hm2,线家域分别为(534.07±74.98)m、(504.00±222.96)m;(2)两种龟的家域面积和长度均无种间差异;(3)成年雌性红耳龟的家域面积和长度显著大于雄性;(4)红耳龟和中华条颈龟家域的种内重叠度分别为0.27±0.02、0.08±0.06,并且红耳龟家域的种内重叠度显著大于中华条颈龟;(5)红耳龟与中华条颈龟家域的种间重叠度为0.20±0.02。本文研究结果提示,红耳龟在野外对本地种中华条颈龟具有潜在的竞争威胁。展开更多
基金funded by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDB31010000)the National Key Basic Research Program of China (2014CB954100)the Program of Science and Technology Talents Training of Yunnan Province (2017HA014)
文摘Global warming increases the vulnerability of plants, especially alpine herbaceous species, to local extinction. In this study, we collected species distribution information from herbarium specimens for ten selected Cyananthus and Primula alpine species endemic to the Himalaya-Hengduan Mountains(HHM).Combined with climate data from WorldClim, we used Maximum Entropy Modeling(MaxEnt) to project distributional changes from the current time period to 2070. Our predictions indicate that, under a wide range of climate change scenarios, the distributions of all species will shift upward in elevation and northward in latitude; furthermore, under these scenarios, species will expand the size of their range. For the majority of the species in this study, habitats are available to mitigate upward and northward shifts that are projected to be induced by changing climate. If current climate projections, however, increase in magnitude or continue to increase past our projection dates, suitable habitat for future occupation by alpine species will be limited as we predict range contraction or less range expansion for some of the species under more intensified climate scenarios. Our study not only underscores the value of herbarium source information for future climate model projections but also suggests that future studies on the effects of climate change on alpine species should include additional biotic and abiotic factors to provide greater resolution of the local dynamics associated with species persistence under a warming climate.
基金supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(‘‘863’’Program)(2009AA12200101)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41471347)
文摘Knowledge about climate change impacts on species distribution at national scale is critical to biodi- versity conservation and design of management programs. Although China is a biodiversity hot spot in the world, potential influence of climate change on Chinese protected birds is rarely studied. Here, we assess the impact of climate change on 108 protected bird species and nature reserves using species distribution modeling at a relatively fine spatial resolution （1 km） for the first time. We found that a large proportion of protected species would have potential suitable habitat shrink and northward range shift by 77-90 km in response to projected future climate change in 2080. Southeastern China would suffer from losing climate suitability, whereas the climate conditions in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and northeastern China were projected to become suitable for more protected species. On average, each protected area in decline of suitable climate for China would experience a 3-4 species by 2080. Cli- mate change will modify which species each protected area will be suitable for. Our results showed that the risk of extinction for Chinese protected birds would be high, even in the moderate climate change scenario. These findings indicate that the management and design of nature reserves in China must take climate change into consideration.
基金This review reflects decades of personally treasured friendships and assistance from colleagues in the insectplant interactions field of study. The Papilionidae research from our laboratory was supported by such academic synergism and also in part by the National Science Foundation （DEB-9201122 DEB-9510044+1 种基金 DEB 0716683 DEB 0918879） and the Michigan Agricultural Experiment Station （Project # 01644）. I wish to thank all laboratory members and friends for their enthusiasm and assistance over the years, and most recently, Matthew Aardema, Rodrigo Mercader and Gabe Ording. Special thanks are extended to one particularly helpful reviewer.
文摘The ecology and evolutionary biology of insect-plant associations has real- ized extensive attention, especially during the past 60 years. The classifications （categorical designations） of continuous variation in biodiversity, ranging from global patterns （e.g., lat- itudinal gradients in species richness/diversity and degree of herbivore feeding specialization） to localized insect-plant associations that span the biospectrum from polyphenisms, polymorphisms, biotypes, demes, host races, to cryptic species, remain academically contentious. Semantic and biosystematic （taxonomical） disagreements sometimes detract from more important ecological and evolutionary processes that drive diversification, the dynamics of gene flow and local extinctions. This review addresses several aspects of insect specialization, host-associated divergence and ecological （including ＂hybrid＂） speciation, with special reference to the climate warming impacts on species borders of hybridiz- ing swallowtail butterflies （Papilionidae）. Interspecific hybrid introgression may result in collapse of multi-species communities or increase species numbers via homoploid hybrid speciation. We may see diverging, merging, or emerging genotypes across hybrid zones, all part of the ongoing processes of evolution. Molecular analyses of genetic mosaics and genomic dynamics with ＂divergence hitchhiking＂, combined with ecological, ethological and physiological studies of＂species porosity＂, have already begun to unveil some answers for some important ecological/evolutionary questions. （i） How rapidly can host-associated divergence lead to new species （and why doesn＇t it always do so, e.g., resulting in ＂incom- plete＂ speciation）？ （ii） How might ＂speciation genes＂ function, and how/where would we find them？ （iii） Can oscillations from specialists to generalists and back to specialists help explain global diversity in herbivorous insects？ （iv） How could recombinant interspecific hybridization l
基金the Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia,China(2023JQ01)the National Key R&D Program of China(2019YFA0607103)+2 种基金the Central Government Guides Local Science and Technology Development Fund Projects(2022ZY0224)the Open Project Program of Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resources Use of the Mongolian Plateau,Hohhot,Inner Mongolia,China(KF2023003)Major Science and Technology Project of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region:Monitoring,Assessment and Early Warning Technology Research of Biodiversity in Inner Mongolia(2021ZD0011)for financial support.
文摘Many different factors,such as species traits,socio-economic factors,geographical and environmental factors,can lead to specimen collection preference.This study aims to determine whether grassland specimen collection in China is preferred by species traits(i.e.,plant height,flowering and fruiting period),environmental range(i.e.,the temperature and precipitation range)and geographical range(i.e.,distribution range and altitudinal range).Ordinary least squares models and phylogenetic generalized linear mixed models were used to analyze the relationships between specimen number and the explanatory variables.Random Forest models were then used to find the most parsimonious multivariate model.The results showed that interannual variation in specimen number between 1900 and 2020 was considerable.Specimen number of these species in southeast China was notably lower than that in northwest China.Environmental range and geographical range of species had significant positive correlations with specimen number.In addition,there were relatively weak but significant associations between specimen number and species trait(i.e.,plant height and flowering and fruiting period).Random Forest models indicated that distribution range was the most important variable,followed by flowering and fruiting period,and altitudinal range.These findings suggest that future floristic surveys should pay more attention to species with small geographical range,narrow environmental range,short plant height,and short flowering and fruiting period.The correction of specimen collection preference will also make the results of species distribution model,species evolution and other works based on specimen data more accurate.
基金This work was supported by the Rufford Foundation(21499-1)Sociedad Argentina para el Estudio de los Mamiferos(Osvaldo Reig Postgraduate Award 2018)+1 种基金Agencia Nacional de Promocion Cientifica y Tecnologica(PICT 4504/2017)ANID PIA/BASAL FB0002.
文摘The European rabbit Oryctolagus cuniculus is an exotic herbivorous mammal undergoing an active phase of geographical expansion in the arid ecosystems of Argentina.The Adaptive Flexibility Hypothesis states that populations at the range edge(new populations)will exhibit greater fexibility in the use of resources compared with populations located in the range core(older populations).The objective of this work was to compare the rabbit’s use of spatial and trophic resources in relation to the establishment time of their populations.The sampling was carried out for 2 years(2017 and 2018)in sites with different establishment times for rabbit populations.Random sampling stratifed by type of habitat was applied using 115 fxed strip transects of 1,000 m^(2) laid out across the study areas.Fresh rabbit signs were recorded in each transect,and environmental and anthropic variables were measured.Our results show that the individuals from the range edge are more selective in the use of habitat than those from the range core.At the microhabitat level,we observed a pattern in the particular components of habitat use by rabbits mainly linked to food availability and proximity to water.From a trophic perspective,rabbits could show fexible adjustment to novel conditions and environments in the range edge.The variability in resource use by the European rabbit confrms its ecological fexibility,pivotal for their advance toward new environments in Argentina.
文摘2010年7月至2011年4月、2011年8月至2012年8月,在海南万泉河琼海段,应用无线电遥测技术研究了外来物种红耳龟(Trachemys scripta elegans)和本地种中华条颈龟(Mauremys sinensis)的家域。采用最小凸多边形法和线家域法计算了所有个体的家域大小和不同个体间家域的重叠状况。结果表明:(1)红耳龟和中华条颈龟的家域面积分别为(8.15±2.83)hm2、(5.82±3.95)hm2,线家域分别为(534.07±74.98)m、(504.00±222.96)m;(2)两种龟的家域面积和长度均无种间差异;(3)成年雌性红耳龟的家域面积和长度显著大于雄性;(4)红耳龟和中华条颈龟家域的种内重叠度分别为0.27±0.02、0.08±0.06,并且红耳龟家域的种内重叠度显著大于中华条颈龟;(5)红耳龟与中华条颈龟家域的种间重叠度为0.20±0.02。本文研究结果提示,红耳龟在野外对本地种中华条颈龟具有潜在的竞争威胁。
