Cultivation of aerobic granules for simultaneous nitrification and denitrification in two sequencing batch airlift bioreactors was studied. Conventional activated floc and anaerobic granules served as main two inocula...Cultivation of aerobic granules for simultaneous nitrification and denitrification in two sequencing batch airlift bioreactors was studied. Conventional activated floc and anaerobic granules served as main two inoculated sludge in the systems. Morphological variations of sludge in the reactors were observed. It was found that the cultivation of aerobic granules was closely associated with the kind of inoculated sludge. Round and regular aerobic granules were prevailed in both reactors, and the physical characteristics of the aerobic granules in terms of settling ability, specific gravity, and ratio of water containing were distinct when the inoculate sludge was different. Aerobic granules formed by seeding activated floc are more excellent in simultaneous nitrification and denitrification than that by aerobic granules formed from anaerobic granules. It was concluded that inoculated sludge plays a crucial role in the cultivation of aerobic granules for simultaneous nitrification and denitrification.展开更多
在不同焚烧温度条件下采用可控温管式炉焚烧开发区干污泥,对污泥焚烧渣中微观形貌、元素分布、矿物组成以及重金属总量及其形态进行了分析研究。实验结果表明,污泥焚烧渣在焚烧温度为900℃出现明显的结焦现象,在焚烧温度为1 100℃时焚...在不同焚烧温度条件下采用可控温管式炉焚烧开发区干污泥,对污泥焚烧渣中微观形貌、元素分布、矿物组成以及重金属总量及其形态进行了分析研究。实验结果表明,污泥焚烧渣在焚烧温度为900℃出现明显的结焦现象,在焚烧温度为1 100℃时焚烧渣结焦的微观表面致密。XRD分析发现温度的升高使污泥烧渣中出现NaA lS iO4等性质相当稳定的物质。不同重金属在底渣中的总量分布及其形态特征受焚烧温度的影响程度不同。焚烧温度的提高使污泥中重金属的残渣态比例增高,使污泥焚烧对环境的影响减小。展开更多
目的:观察胆囊结石合并华支睾吸虫感染患者的胆囊胆汁、胆泥及结石中的华支睾吸虫卵形态和存活状况,探讨华支睾吸虫感染与胆囊结石的关系.方法:选取20例胆囊结石合并华支睾吸虫感染患者的胆囊胆汁、胆泥及结石标本,行光学显微镜、扫描电...目的:观察胆囊结石合并华支睾吸虫感染患者的胆囊胆汁、胆泥及结石中的华支睾吸虫卵形态和存活状况,探讨华支睾吸虫感染与胆囊结石的关系.方法:选取20例胆囊结石合并华支睾吸虫感染患者的胆囊胆汁、胆泥及结石标本,行光学显微镜、扫描电镜(scanning electron microscope,SEM)观察其中的华支睾吸虫虫卵形态;进一步用Von Kossa染色和X射线能谱仪分析虫卵表面及其周围物质的钙盐含量、台盼蓝(Trypan blue)染色观察虫卵的存活情况.结果:(1)胆汁中88.3%的虫卵具有典型形态,而胆泥中56.7%的虫卵和结石中91.5%的虫卵出现变形(包括外形、大小改变,卵盖丢失、卵内毛蚴看不清、表面或四周吸附胆红素);电镜下,卵壳为凹凸不平的纹理状结构,表面和周围不同程度黏附有黏液样物质;(2)从胆汁、胆泥到结石,虫卵表面及其周围物质的钙盐含量逐步增多;(3)胆汁、胆泥和结石中虫卵的存活率分别是86.6%、42.1%和11.5%.结论:人体感染华支睾吸虫后,虫卵可通过卵壳的纹理状结构和胆道的黏液样物质储留于胆囊内并发生变形、变性、死亡以至钙化成核,形成胆泥,进而参与形成胆囊结石.展开更多
文摘热碱处理是一种重要的污泥预处理方法.选取污泥浓度、p H、温度和处理时间这4个因素,采用正交试验,研究了这些因素对污水处理厂污泥融胞、污泥浓度及污泥形态等污泥特性的影响,以对污泥热碱处理的条件进行优化.结果表明,这4个因素对污泥融胞、污泥浓度和污泥形态特征影响的显著性均为:p H>温度>时间>污泥浓度.此外,这4个因素对释放单位污泥溶解性化学需氧量(SCOD)和减小污泥浓度的最佳组合条件为:污泥浓度36.55 g·L-1、p H 12.45、温度175℃和处理时间60 min,而对减小污泥粒径和分形维数的最佳组合条件为:污泥浓度36.55 g·L-1、p H 12.5、温度175℃和处理时间45 min.
文摘Cultivation of aerobic granules for simultaneous nitrification and denitrification in two sequencing batch airlift bioreactors was studied. Conventional activated floc and anaerobic granules served as main two inoculated sludge in the systems. Morphological variations of sludge in the reactors were observed. It was found that the cultivation of aerobic granules was closely associated with the kind of inoculated sludge. Round and regular aerobic granules were prevailed in both reactors, and the physical characteristics of the aerobic granules in terms of settling ability, specific gravity, and ratio of water containing were distinct when the inoculate sludge was different. Aerobic granules formed by seeding activated floc are more excellent in simultaneous nitrification and denitrification than that by aerobic granules formed from anaerobic granules. It was concluded that inoculated sludge plays a crucial role in the cultivation of aerobic granules for simultaneous nitrification and denitrification.
文摘在不同焚烧温度条件下采用可控温管式炉焚烧开发区干污泥,对污泥焚烧渣中微观形貌、元素分布、矿物组成以及重金属总量及其形态进行了分析研究。实验结果表明,污泥焚烧渣在焚烧温度为900℃出现明显的结焦现象,在焚烧温度为1 100℃时焚烧渣结焦的微观表面致密。XRD分析发现温度的升高使污泥烧渣中出现NaA lS iO4等性质相当稳定的物质。不同重金属在底渣中的总量分布及其形态特征受焚烧温度的影响程度不同。焚烧温度的提高使污泥中重金属的残渣态比例增高,使污泥焚烧对环境的影响减小。
文摘目的:观察胆囊结石合并华支睾吸虫感染患者的胆囊胆汁、胆泥及结石中的华支睾吸虫卵形态和存活状况,探讨华支睾吸虫感染与胆囊结石的关系.方法:选取20例胆囊结石合并华支睾吸虫感染患者的胆囊胆汁、胆泥及结石标本,行光学显微镜、扫描电镜(scanning electron microscope,SEM)观察其中的华支睾吸虫虫卵形态;进一步用Von Kossa染色和X射线能谱仪分析虫卵表面及其周围物质的钙盐含量、台盼蓝(Trypan blue)染色观察虫卵的存活情况.结果:(1)胆汁中88.3%的虫卵具有典型形态,而胆泥中56.7%的虫卵和结石中91.5%的虫卵出现变形(包括外形、大小改变,卵盖丢失、卵内毛蚴看不清、表面或四周吸附胆红素);电镜下,卵壳为凹凸不平的纹理状结构,表面和周围不同程度黏附有黏液样物质;(2)从胆汁、胆泥到结石,虫卵表面及其周围物质的钙盐含量逐步增多;(3)胆汁、胆泥和结石中虫卵的存活率分别是86.6%、42.1%和11.5%.结论:人体感染华支睾吸虫后,虫卵可通过卵壳的纹理状结构和胆道的黏液样物质储留于胆囊内并发生变形、变性、死亡以至钙化成核,形成胆泥,进而参与形成胆囊结石.
