Emodin is an important component of rhubarb, a traditional Chinese herb. Previous studies in vitro showed that emodin inhibited the proliferation of human vascular smooth muscle cells, indicating the possible inhibiti...Emodin is an important component of rhubarb, a traditional Chinese herb. Previous studies in vitro showed that emodin inhibited the proliferation of human vascular smooth muscle cells, indicating the possible inhibitive effect of emodin on atherosclerosis. The present research evaluated the effect of emodin on the formation of atherosclerotic lesion induced by high cholesterol and fat diet in rabbits and the mechanism of this effect.展开更多
A middle cerebral artery occlusion-model was established in rats using the improved thread embolism method.Rats were treated with acupuncture at either Dazhui（DU14）,Renzhong（DU26）, Baihui（DU20）,or a non-meridian...A middle cerebral artery occlusion-model was established in rats using the improved thread embolism method.Rats were treated with acupuncture at either Dazhui（DU14）,Renzhong（DU26）, Baihui（DU20）,or a non-meridian point.Detection with protein-chip technology showed that the level of protein phosphorylation in both groups was upregulated or downregulated depending on the signaling pathway compared with the model group that did not receive acupuncture.Analysis of proteins showing downregulated phosphorylation revealed that five signaling pathways were activated in the acupuncture-treatment group,while only two were activated in the acupuncture-control group.In contrast,analysis of proteins showing upregulated phosphorylation revealed only one pathway was activated in the acupuncture-treatment group,whereas four pathways were activated in the acupuncture-control group.Furthermore,the number of activated proteins in the acupuncture-treatment group was not only higher than the acupuncture-control group,but unlike the acupuncture-control group,the majority of activated proteins were key proteins in the signaling pathways.Our findings indicate that acupuncture at specific points can activate multiple signaling pathways to promote the restoration of brain tissue following ischemic injury,and that this is based on a combination of effects resulting from multiple pathways,targets,and means.展开更多
Oxidative burst is one of the earliest responses in plant resistance to pathogen attack. Studies indicate that the oxidative burst is composed of two phases. The first burst is weak and biologically nonspecific, where...Oxidative burst is one of the earliest responses in plant resistance to pathogen attack. Studies indicate that the oxidative burst is composed of two phases. The first burst is weak and biologically nonspecific, whereas the phase Ⅱ burst is massive and produced only as an incompatible interaction. The rapid transient production of active oxygen species plays an important role in plant defense strategy against diseases. It involves: 1) antimicrobial activity, 2) substrate for oxidative cross_linking of cell wall, 3) triggering factor of hypersensitive response, 4) mobile signal inducing local and systemic acquired resistance by itself or its derivatives, 5) induction of phytoalexin accumulation, and 6) regulation of gene transcription. Emerging data indicate that the oxidative burst initiates from the activation of NADPH oxidase system resembling that of animal phagocytes. The generation of active oxygen species by a pH_dependent peroxidase is also present in some plants. Further, there is a complete system in plants to regulate the accumulation and scavenging of active oxygen species to protect plants from secondary infection, and at the same time to avoid the oxidative stress.展开更多
Phytochrome has fascinated plant scientists since its discovery in 1959-1960 by the Beltsville research group of the United States Department of Agriculture. Studies in the first 20 years had evidenced that phytochrom...Phytochrome has fascinated plant scientists since its discovery in 1959-1960 by the Beltsville research group of the United States Department of Agriculture. Studies in the first 20 years had evidenced that phytochrome acts as an universal regulator in plant life adapting its behavior to the environmental light, and developed widely the physiological understanding of phytochrome action. In the following 20 years, some thirty world_wide major laboratories have published over two hundred papers a year on various aspects of the subject, and they are making steady progress. The authors’ work has also contributed to the following aspects: coaction of phytochrome and phytohormone in photomorphogenesis, phytochrome purification, phytochrome regulation of male fertility, as well as phytochrome A gene analysis and expression in photoperiod sensitive genic male sterile rice. In the recent decade significant advances have been made in studies on phytochrome molecules, genes and signal transduction in phytochrome response. This is largely due to the advances in molecular genetics, where experiments using mutants and transgenic plants, particularly in Arabidopsis, that have led to the significant insights at the molecular level. The topics in this review include:(1) Discovery of phytochrome; (2) Functions of phytochrome; (3) Phytochrome molecules; (4) Phytochrome regulation in gene expression.展开更多
基金This work was supported by Guangdong Provincial Natural Science Grant (No. 001399,04105337).
文摘Emodin is an important component of rhubarb, a traditional Chinese herb. Previous studies in vitro showed that emodin inhibited the proliferation of human vascular smooth muscle cells, indicating the possible inhibitive effect of emodin on atherosclerosis. The present research evaluated the effect of emodin on the formation of atherosclerotic lesion induced by high cholesterol and fat diet in rabbits and the mechanism of this effect.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China for Youth,No.201130901901a grant by Youth Fund Project of the Ministry of Education ofChina,No.11B092
文摘A middle cerebral artery occlusion-model was established in rats using the improved thread embolism method.Rats were treated with acupuncture at either Dazhui（DU14）,Renzhong（DU26）, Baihui（DU20）,or a non-meridian point.Detection with protein-chip technology showed that the level of protein phosphorylation in both groups was upregulated or downregulated depending on the signaling pathway compared with the model group that did not receive acupuncture.Analysis of proteins showing downregulated phosphorylation revealed that five signaling pathways were activated in the acupuncture-treatment group,while only two were activated in the acupuncture-control group.In contrast,analysis of proteins showing upregulated phosphorylation revealed only one pathway was activated in the acupuncture-treatment group,whereas four pathways were activated in the acupuncture-control group.Furthermore,the number of activated proteins in the acupuncture-treatment group was not only higher than the acupuncture-control group,but unlike the acupuncture-control group,the majority of activated proteins were key proteins in the signaling pathways.Our findings indicate that acupuncture at specific points can activate multiple signaling pathways to promote the restoration of brain tissue following ischemic injury,and that this is based on a combination of effects resulting from multiple pathways,targets,and means.
基金the National Natural Science Fouindation of China(Grant No.30270689)the Science Fundifor Distinguished Young Scholars of Hcnan Province(Grant No.0312001600the Ministry or Science,SporIs.and Culture of Japan(Grant No.13139202 to K.S.).
文摘Oxidative burst is one of the earliest responses in plant resistance to pathogen attack. Studies indicate that the oxidative burst is composed of two phases. The first burst is weak and biologically nonspecific, whereas the phase Ⅱ burst is massive and produced only as an incompatible interaction. The rapid transient production of active oxygen species plays an important role in plant defense strategy against diseases. It involves: 1) antimicrobial activity, 2) substrate for oxidative cross_linking of cell wall, 3) triggering factor of hypersensitive response, 4) mobile signal inducing local and systemic acquired resistance by itself or its derivatives, 5) induction of phytoalexin accumulation, and 6) regulation of gene transcription. Emerging data indicate that the oxidative burst initiates from the activation of NADPH oxidase system resembling that of animal phagocytes. The generation of active oxygen species by a pH_dependent peroxidase is also present in some plants. Further, there is a complete system in plants to regulate the accumulation and scavenging of active oxygen species to protect plants from secondary infection, and at the same time to avoid the oxidative stress.
文摘Phytochrome has fascinated plant scientists since its discovery in 1959-1960 by the Beltsville research group of the United States Department of Agriculture. Studies in the first 20 years had evidenced that phytochrome acts as an universal regulator in plant life adapting its behavior to the environmental light, and developed widely the physiological understanding of phytochrome action. In the following 20 years, some thirty world_wide major laboratories have published over two hundred papers a year on various aspects of the subject, and they are making steady progress. The authors’ work has also contributed to the following aspects: coaction of phytochrome and phytohormone in photomorphogenesis, phytochrome purification, phytochrome regulation of male fertility, as well as phytochrome A gene analysis and expression in photoperiod sensitive genic male sterile rice. In the recent decade significant advances have been made in studies on phytochrome molecules, genes and signal transduction in phytochrome response. This is largely due to the advances in molecular genetics, where experiments using mutants and transgenic plants, particularly in Arabidopsis, that have led to the significant insights at the molecular level. The topics in this review include:(1) Discovery of phytochrome; (2) Functions of phytochrome; (3) Phytochrome molecules; (4) Phytochrome regulation in gene expression.
