Skin sensitive difference of human body sections under clothing is the theoretic foundation of thermal insulation clothing design. By a new method of researching on clothing comfort perception, the skin temperature li...Skin sensitive difference of human body sections under clothing is the theoretic foundation of thermal insulation clothing design. By a new method of researching on clothing comfort perception, the skin temperature live changing procedure of human body sections affected by the same cold stimulation is inspected. Furthermore with the Smirnov test the skin temperatures dynamic changing patterns of main human body sections are obtained.展开更多
This study evaluated dry-in-place lubricants used for cold forging.A group of isothermal compression tests with a strain rate(ε)e&range of 0.001–1 s^(−1) and temperature(T)range of 30–400℃ were completed.The f...This study evaluated dry-in-place lubricants used for cold forging.A group of isothermal compression tests with a strain rate(ε)e&range of 0.001–1 s^(−1) and temperature(T)range of 30–400℃ were completed.The flow stress(σ)curves of annealed steel S45C were obtained,and a corresponding Hensel–Spittel model was developed to support finite element(FE)simulation.The sensitivity of the steady combined forward and backward extrusion(SCFBE)test proposed in another study was improved by approximately 20%after it was optimized using the results of the FE simulations.Key parameters were identified,and the calibration curves after optimization were obtained.On the basis of the optimized test,a friction testing setup with a heating system was developed,in which the die temperature could be adjusted from room temperature(RT)to 230℃.Three dry-in-place lubricants and conventional phosphating lubricant were tested,and the friction factors(m),forming loads,and ejection loads were measured.The surface features of the specimens after testing were also investigated.According to the testing results,of the three tested dry-in-place lubricants,the mica type was the best.In addition,the optimized friction testing design was verified as effective.展开更多
The recent decline in the Arctic sea ice has coincided with more cold winters in Eurasia. It has been hypothesized that the Arctic sea ice loss is causing more mid-latitude cold extremes and cold winters, yet there is...The recent decline in the Arctic sea ice has coincided with more cold winters in Eurasia. It has been hypothesized that the Arctic sea ice loss is causing more mid-latitude cold extremes and cold winters, yet there is lack of consensus in modeling studies on the impact of Arctic sea ice loss. Here we conducted modeling experiments with Community Atmosphere Model Version 5 （CAM5） to investigate the sensitivity and linearity of Eurasian winter temperature response to the Atlantic sector and Pacific sector of the Arctic sea ice loss. Our experiments indicate that the Arctic sea ice reduction can significantly affect the atmospheric circulation by strengthening the Siberian High, exciting the stationary Rossby wave train, and weakening the polar jet stream, which in turn induce the cooling in Eurasia. The temperature decreases by more than I^C in response to the ice loss in the Atlantic sector and the cooling is less and more shifts southward in response to the ice loss in the Pacific sector. More interestingly, sea ice loss in the Atlantic and Pacific sectors together barely induces cold temperatures in Eurasia, suggesting the nonlinearity of the atmospheric response to the Arctic sea ice loss.展开更多
The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the effect localized heating of the feet has on physiological and psychological reactions of female in an air-conditioned environment in summer. In Japan, female office work...The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the effect localized heating of the feet has on physiological and psychological reactions of female in an air-conditioned environment in summer. In Japan, female office workers wear less clothing than their male counterparts. In an air-conditioned office space in summer, female conducts thermoregulation by putting on cardigans, etc. but this action does not greatly contribute to improving conditions for the legs and feet, the lower extremities of the body. The improvement of sensational and physiological temperature by localized warming of the body can contribute to a healthy working environment for female office workers, their safety, and a reduction in air conditioning’s energy expenditure. We used the indoor thermal environment evaluation index ETF to investigate the effect localized heating of the feet has on human physiological and psychological response in an air-conditioned environment in summer. The result of heating by means of heat conduction via the sole of the foot was expressed more strongly as a psychological effect than as a whole-body physiological effect. Heating by means of heat conduction via the sole of the foot was a thermal environment factor that compensates for a low temperature in whole-body thermal sensation and whole-body thermal comfort. The effect of heating due to heat conduction via the sole of the foot was expressed in the change in sole-of- the-foot skin temperature. Applying slight heat conduction by means of heating via the sole of the foot demonstrated the result of improved whole-body thermal sensation and whole-body thermal comfort.展开更多
Sensitivity to cold, which is a popular symptom in Japanese women, is associated with various symptoms such as shoulder stiffness and general fatigue. However, an association of sensitivity to cold with muscle strengt...Sensitivity to cold, which is a popular symptom in Japanese women, is associated with various symptoms such as shoulder stiffness and general fatigue. However, an association of sensitivity to cold with muscle strength has not been reported. The aim of the study was to clarify the associations of sensitivity to cold with handgrip strength and with menstruation-related symptoms in female university students in Japan. We recruited 278 female university students in Japan. Sensitivity to cold and menstruation-related symptoms including physical and psychological symptoms were assessed by using a self-administered questionnaire that we designed. Handgrip strength was measured by using a handgrip strength dynamometer. We received responses from 269 students. The prevalence rate of sensitivity to cold in the subjects was 54.3%. The students who had sensitivity to cold had a lower handgrip strength level (25.5 ± 3.8 kg) than did the students who did not have sensitivity to cold (26.7 ± 3.9 kg) (p = 0.017). Sensitivity to cold was associated with low body mass index. In addition, the students who had sensitivity to cold tended to have low back pain and constipation during menstruation. In conclusion, sensitivity to cold is an important symptom associated with muscle strength as well as menstruation-related symptoms for young women.展开更多
Fruit set is inhibited by adverse temperatures,with consequences on yield.We isolated a tomato mutant producing fruits under non-permissive hot temperatures and identified the causal gene as SIHB15A,belonging to class...Fruit set is inhibited by adverse temperatures,with consequences on yield.We isolated a tomato mutant producing fruits under non-permissive hot temperatures and identified the causal gene as SIHB15A,belonging to classⅢhomeodomain leucine-zipper transcription factors.SIHB15A,loss-of-function mu-tants display aberrant ovule development that mimics transcriptional changes occurring in fertilized ovules and leads to parthenocarpic fruit set under optimal and non-permissive temperatures,in field and greenhouse conditions.Under cold growing conditions,SIHB15A is subjected to conditional haploinsufficiency and recessive dosage sensitivity controlled by microRNA 166(miR166).Knockdown of SIHB15A alleles by miR166 leads to a continuum of aberrant ovules correlating with parthenocarpic fruit set.Consistent with this,plants harboring an Slhb15a-miRNA166-resisiant allele developed normal ovules and were unable to set parthenocarpic fruit under cold conditions.DNA affinity purification sequencing and RNA-sequencing analyses revealed that SIHB15A is a bifunctional transcription factor expressed in the ovule integument.SIHB15A binds to the promoters of auxin-related genes to repress auxin signaling and to the promoters of ethylene-related genes to activate their expression.A survey of tomato genetic biodiversity identified pat and pat-1,two historical parthenocarpic mutants,as alleles of SIHB15A.Taken together,our findings demonstrate the role of SIHB15A as a sentinel to prevent fruit set in the absence of fertilization and provide a mean to enhance fruiting under extreme temperatures.展开更多
Cold roll forming is a high production but complex metal forming process under the conditions of coupled effects with multi-factor. A new booting finite element method （FEM） model using the updated Lagrangian （IAL...Cold roll forming is a high production but complex metal forming process under the conditions of coupled effects with multi-factor. A new booting finite element method （FEM） model using the updated Lagrangian （IAL） method for multistand roll forming process is developed and validated. Compared with most of the literatures related to roll forming simulation, the new model can take the roll rotation into account and is well suited for simulating multistand roll forming. Based on the model, the process of a channel section with outer edge formed with twelve passes is simulated and the sensitivity analysis of parameters is conducted with orthogonal design combined FEM model. It is found that the multistand roll forming process can be efficiently analyzed by the new booting model, and sensitivity analysis shows that the yield strength plays an important role in controlling the quality of the products.展开更多
A method for the calculation of the sensitivity factors of the rollingprocess has been obtained by differentiating the roll force model based on support vector machine.It can eliminate the algebraic loop of the analyt...A method for the calculation of the sensitivity factors of the rollingprocess has been obtained by differentiating the roll force model based on support vector machine.It can eliminate the algebraic loop of the analytical model of the rolling process. The simulationsin the first stand of five stand cold tandem rolling mill indicate that the calculation forsensitivities by this proposed method can obtain a good accuracy, and an appropriate adjustment onthe control variables determined directly by the sensitivity has an excellent compensation accuracy.Moreover, the roll gap has larger effect on the exit thickness than both front tension and backtension, and it is more efficient to select the roll gap as the control variable of the thicknesscontrol system in the first stand.展开更多
基金Supported by the national education ministry key research project 02107
文摘Skin sensitive difference of human body sections under clothing is the theoretic foundation of thermal insulation clothing design. By a new method of researching on clothing comfort perception, the skin temperature live changing procedure of human body sections affected by the same cold stimulation is inspected. Furthermore with the Smirnov test the skin temperatures dynamic changing patterns of main human body sections are obtained.
基金This research was partially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC,No.51875348).
文摘This study evaluated dry-in-place lubricants used for cold forging.A group of isothermal compression tests with a strain rate(ε)e&range of 0.001–1 s^(−1) and temperature(T)range of 30–400℃ were completed.The flow stress(σ)curves of annealed steel S45C were obtained,and a corresponding Hensel–Spittel model was developed to support finite element(FE)simulation.The sensitivity of the steady combined forward and backward extrusion(SCFBE)test proposed in another study was improved by approximately 20%after it was optimized using the results of the FE simulations.Key parameters were identified,and the calibration curves after optimization were obtained.On the basis of the optimized test,a friction testing setup with a heating system was developed,in which the die temperature could be adjusted from room temperature(RT)to 230℃.Three dry-in-place lubricants and conventional phosphating lubricant were tested,and the friction factors(m),forming loads,and ejection loads were measured.The surface features of the specimens after testing were also investigated.According to the testing results,of the three tested dry-in-place lubricants,the mica type was the best.In addition,the optimized friction testing design was verified as effective.
基金The Chinese Polar Environment Comprehensive Investigation and Evaluation Programmes under contract No.CHINARE2016-04-04the Public Science and Technology Research Funds Projects of Ocean under contract No.201505013the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)under contract No.41576029
文摘The recent decline in the Arctic sea ice has coincided with more cold winters in Eurasia. It has been hypothesized that the Arctic sea ice loss is causing more mid-latitude cold extremes and cold winters, yet there is lack of consensus in modeling studies on the impact of Arctic sea ice loss. Here we conducted modeling experiments with Community Atmosphere Model Version 5 （CAM5） to investigate the sensitivity and linearity of Eurasian winter temperature response to the Atlantic sector and Pacific sector of the Arctic sea ice loss. Our experiments indicate that the Arctic sea ice reduction can significantly affect the atmospheric circulation by strengthening the Siberian High, exciting the stationary Rossby wave train, and weakening the polar jet stream, which in turn induce the cooling in Eurasia. The temperature decreases by more than I^C in response to the ice loss in the Atlantic sector and the cooling is less and more shifts southward in response to the ice loss in the Pacific sector. More interestingly, sea ice loss in the Atlantic and Pacific sectors together barely induces cold temperatures in Eurasia, suggesting the nonlinearity of the atmospheric response to the Arctic sea ice loss.
文摘The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the effect localized heating of the feet has on physiological and psychological reactions of female in an air-conditioned environment in summer. In Japan, female office workers wear less clothing than their male counterparts. In an air-conditioned office space in summer, female conducts thermoregulation by putting on cardigans, etc. but this action does not greatly contribute to improving conditions for the legs and feet, the lower extremities of the body. The improvement of sensational and physiological temperature by localized warming of the body can contribute to a healthy working environment for female office workers, their safety, and a reduction in air conditioning’s energy expenditure. We used the indoor thermal environment evaluation index ETF to investigate the effect localized heating of the feet has on human physiological and psychological response in an air-conditioned environment in summer. The result of heating by means of heat conduction via the sole of the foot was expressed more strongly as a psychological effect than as a whole-body physiological effect. Heating by means of heat conduction via the sole of the foot was a thermal environment factor that compensates for a low temperature in whole-body thermal sensation and whole-body thermal comfort. The effect of heating due to heat conduction via the sole of the foot was expressed in the change in sole-of- the-foot skin temperature. Applying slight heat conduction by means of heating via the sole of the foot demonstrated the result of improved whole-body thermal sensation and whole-body thermal comfort.
文摘Sensitivity to cold, which is a popular symptom in Japanese women, is associated with various symptoms such as shoulder stiffness and general fatigue. However, an association of sensitivity to cold with muscle strength has not been reported. The aim of the study was to clarify the associations of sensitivity to cold with handgrip strength and with menstruation-related symptoms in female university students in Japan. We recruited 278 female university students in Japan. Sensitivity to cold and menstruation-related symptoms including physical and psychological symptoms were assessed by using a self-administered questionnaire that we designed. Handgrip strength was measured by using a handgrip strength dynamometer. We received responses from 269 students. The prevalence rate of sensitivity to cold in the subjects was 54.3%. The students who had sensitivity to cold had a lower handgrip strength level (25.5 ± 3.8 kg) than did the students who did not have sensitivity to cold (26.7 ± 3.9 kg) (p = 0.017). Sensitivity to cold was associated with low body mass index. In addition, the students who had sensitivity to cold tended to have low back pain and constipation during menstruation. In conclusion, sensitivity to cold is an important symptom associated with muscle strength as well as menstruation-related symptoms for young women.
基金INRAE,CNRS,and the LabEx Saclay Plant Sciences-SPS(ANR-10-LABX-40-SPS)The A.B.team received funding from the European Research Council(ERC-SEXYPARTH,341076)from the Horizon 2020 research and innovation program(TOMRES,727929).
文摘Fruit set is inhibited by adverse temperatures,with consequences on yield.We isolated a tomato mutant producing fruits under non-permissive hot temperatures and identified the causal gene as SIHB15A,belonging to classⅢhomeodomain leucine-zipper transcription factors.SIHB15A,loss-of-function mu-tants display aberrant ovule development that mimics transcriptional changes occurring in fertilized ovules and leads to parthenocarpic fruit set under optimal and non-permissive temperatures,in field and greenhouse conditions.Under cold growing conditions,SIHB15A is subjected to conditional haploinsufficiency and recessive dosage sensitivity controlled by microRNA 166(miR166).Knockdown of SIHB15A alleles by miR166 leads to a continuum of aberrant ovules correlating with parthenocarpic fruit set.Consistent with this,plants harboring an Slhb15a-miRNA166-resisiant allele developed normal ovules and were unable to set parthenocarpic fruit under cold conditions.DNA affinity purification sequencing and RNA-sequencing analyses revealed that SIHB15A is a bifunctional transcription factor expressed in the ovule integument.SIHB15A binds to the promoters of auxin-related genes to repress auxin signaling and to the promoters of ethylene-related genes to activate their expression.A survey of tomato genetic biodiversity identified pat and pat-1,two historical parthenocarpic mutants,as alleles of SIHB15A.Taken together,our findings demonstrate the role of SIHB15A as a sentinel to prevent fruit set in the absence of fertilization and provide a mean to enhance fruiting under extreme temperatures.
基金Item Sponsored by National Natural Science Foundation of China (50605043)National Basic Research Program of China (2005CB724103)
文摘Cold roll forming is a high production but complex metal forming process under the conditions of coupled effects with multi-factor. A new booting finite element method （FEM） model using the updated Lagrangian （IAL） method for multistand roll forming process is developed and validated. Compared with most of the literatures related to roll forming simulation, the new model can take the roll rotation into account and is well suited for simulating multistand roll forming. Based on the model, the process of a channel section with outer edge formed with twelve passes is simulated and the sensitivity analysis of parameters is conducted with orthogonal design combined FEM model. It is found that the multistand roll forming process can be efficiently analyzed by the new booting model, and sensitivity analysis shows that the yield strength plays an important role in controlling the quality of the products.
基金This project is supported by Provincial Natural Science Foundation of Hebei, China(No.503293).
文摘A method for the calculation of the sensitivity factors of the rollingprocess has been obtained by differentiating the roll force model based on support vector machine.It can eliminate the algebraic loop of the analytical model of the rolling process. The simulationsin the first stand of five stand cold tandem rolling mill indicate that the calculation forsensitivities by this proposed method can obtain a good accuracy, and an appropriate adjustment onthe control variables determined directly by the sensitivity has an excellent compensation accuracy.Moreover, the roll gap has larger effect on the exit thickness than both front tension and backtension, and it is more efficient to select the roll gap as the control variable of the thicknesscontrol system in the first stand.
