We are entering a new era of computing, characterized by the need to handle over one zettabyte （1021 bytes, or ZB） of data. The world＇s capacities to sense, transmit, store, and process information need to grow thr...We are entering a new era of computing, characterized by the need to handle over one zettabyte （1021 bytes, or ZB） of data. The world＇s capacities to sense, transmit, store, and process information need to grow three orders of magnitude, while maintain an energy consumption level similar to that of the year 2010. In other words, we need to produce thousand-fold improvement in performance per watt. To face this challenge, in 2012 the Chinese Academy of Sciences launched a 10-year strategic priority research initiative called the Next Generation Information and Communication Technology initiative （the NICT initiative）. A research thrust of the NICT program is the Cloud-Sea Computing Systems project. The main idea is to augment conventional cloud computing by cooperation and integration of the cloud-side systems and the sea-side systems, where the ＂sea-side＂ refers to an augmented client side consisting of human facing and physical world facing devices and subsystems. The Cloud-Sea Computing Systems project consists of four research tasks： a new computing model called REST 2.0 which extends the REST （representational state transfer） architectural style of Web computing to cloud-sea computing, a three-tier storage system architecture capable of managing ZB of data, a billion-thread datacenter server with high energy efficiency, and an elastic processor aiming at energy efficiency of one trillion operations per second per watt. This special section contains 12 papers produced by the Cloud-Sea Computing Systems project team, presenting research results relating to sensing and REST 2.0, the elastic processor, the hyperparallel server, and the cloud-sea storage.展开更多
Web of Things （WoT） makes it possible to connect tremendous embedded devices to web in Representational State Transfer （REST） style. Some lightweight RESTful protocols have been proposed for the WoT to replace the...Web of Things （WoT） makes it possible to connect tremendous embedded devices to web in Representational State Transfer （REST） style. Some lightweight RESTful protocols have been proposed for the WoT to replace the HTTP protocol running on embedded devices. However, they keep the principal characteristic of the REST style. In particular, they support one-to-one requests in the client-server mode by four standard RESTful methods （GET, PUT, POST, and DELETE）. This characteristic is however inconsistent with the practical networks of embedded devices, which typically perform a group operation. In order to meet the requirement of group communication in the WoT, we propose a resource-oriented protocol called SeaHttp to extend the REST style by introducing two new methods, namely BRANCH and COMBINE respectively. SeaHttp supports parallel processing of group requests by means of splitting and merging them. In addition SeaHttp adds spatiotemporal attributes to the standard URI for naming a dynamic request group of physical resource. Experimental results show that SeaHttp can reduce average energy consumption of group communication in the WoT by 18.5%, compared with the Constrained Application Protocol （CoAP）.展开更多
In order to simplify programming for building sensor networks, macro-programming methods have been pro- posed in prior work. Most of them are designed for the dedicated networks and specific scenarios where devices ar...In order to simplify programming for building sensor networks, macro-programming methods have been pro- posed in prior work. Most of them are designed for the dedicated networks and specific scenarios where devices are mostly homogeneous. Nevertheless the methods rarely consider those shared networks which are composed of heterogeneous de- vices, e.g., sensors, actuators, mobile devices, and share resources among themselves. In this paper, we present EasiSMP, a resource-oriented programming framework for these shared networks and generic application scenarios. In this framework, the devices and their functionalities are abstracted into RESTful virtual resources （VRs） each of which is labelled by a uni- form resource identifier （URI）. The post-deployment VR can be globally accessed and reused to propagate new resource（s） at runtime. To support the resource propagation, programming primitives are proposed and a virtual resource engine （VRE） is studied. To perform evaluation, EasiSMP is deployed into a relic monitoring network. Experimental results show that programming using Ea-siSMP is concise, and the average deployment overhead is decreased by up to 27% compared with the node-level programming.展开更多
基金Supported by the Strategic Priority Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences under Grant No.XDA06010401 the Guangdong Talents Program of China under Grant No.201001D0104726115
文摘We are entering a new era of computing, characterized by the need to handle over one zettabyte （1021 bytes, or ZB） of data. The world＇s capacities to sense, transmit, store, and process information need to grow three orders of magnitude, while maintain an energy consumption level similar to that of the year 2010. In other words, we need to produce thousand-fold improvement in performance per watt. To face this challenge, in 2012 the Chinese Academy of Sciences launched a 10-year strategic priority research initiative called the Next Generation Information and Communication Technology initiative （the NICT initiative）. A research thrust of the NICT program is the Cloud-Sea Computing Systems project. The main idea is to augment conventional cloud computing by cooperation and integration of the cloud-side systems and the sea-side systems, where the ＂sea-side＂ refers to an augmented client side consisting of human facing and physical world facing devices and subsystems. The Cloud-Sea Computing Systems project consists of four research tasks： a new computing model called REST 2.0 which extends the REST （representational state transfer） architectural style of Web computing to cloud-sea computing, a three-tier storage system architecture capable of managing ZB of data, a billion-thread datacenter server with high energy efficiency, and an elastic processor aiming at energy efficiency of one trillion operations per second per watt. This special section contains 12 papers produced by the Cloud-Sea Computing Systems project team, presenting research results relating to sensing and REST 2.0, the elastic processor, the hyperparallel server, and the cloud-sea storage.
基金supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences under Grant No.XDA06010403the International Science and Technology Cooperation Program of China under Grant No.2013DFA10690+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.61003293the Beijing Natural Science Foundation under Grant No.4112054
文摘Web of Things （WoT） makes it possible to connect tremendous embedded devices to web in Representational State Transfer （REST） style. Some lightweight RESTful protocols have been proposed for the WoT to replace the HTTP protocol running on embedded devices. However, they keep the principal characteristic of the REST style. In particular, they support one-to-one requests in the client-server mode by four standard RESTful methods （GET, PUT, POST, and DELETE）. This characteristic is however inconsistent with the practical networks of embedded devices, which typically perform a group operation. In order to meet the requirement of group communication in the WoT, we propose a resource-oriented protocol called SeaHttp to extend the REST style by introducing two new methods, namely BRANCH and COMBINE respectively. SeaHttp supports parallel processing of group requests by means of splitting and merging them. In addition SeaHttp adds spatiotemporal attributes to the standard URI for naming a dynamic request group of physical resource. Experimental results show that SeaHttp can reduce average energy consumption of group communication in the WoT by 18.5%, compared with the Constrained Application Protocol （CoAP）.
基金supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences under Grant No.XDA06010403the International Science and Technology Cooperation Program of China under Grant No.2013DFA10690+1 种基金the NationalNatural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.61003293the Beijing Natural Science Foundation under Grant No.4112054
文摘In order to simplify programming for building sensor networks, macro-programming methods have been pro- posed in prior work. Most of them are designed for the dedicated networks and specific scenarios where devices are mostly homogeneous. Nevertheless the methods rarely consider those shared networks which are composed of heterogeneous de- vices, e.g., sensors, actuators, mobile devices, and share resources among themselves. In this paper, we present EasiSMP, a resource-oriented programming framework for these shared networks and generic application scenarios. In this framework, the devices and their functionalities are abstracted into RESTful virtual resources （VRs） each of which is labelled by a uni- form resource identifier （URI）. The post-deployment VR can be globally accessed and reused to propagate new resource（s） at runtime. To support the resource propagation, programming primitives are proposed and a virtual resource engine （VRE） is studied. To perform evaluation, EasiSMP is deployed into a relic monitoring network. Experimental results show that programming using Ea-siSMP is concise, and the average deployment overhead is decreased by up to 27% compared with the node-level programming.
