AIM:To compare the influence and clearance effect of enzymatic and non-enzymatic detergents against Escherichia coli (E. coli) biofilm on the inner surface of gastroscopes.METHODS:Teflon tubes were incubated in a mixt...AIM:To compare the influence and clearance effect of enzymatic and non-enzymatic detergents against Escherichia coli (E. coli) biofilm on the inner surface of gastroscopes.METHODS:Teflon tubes were incubated in a mixture of different detergents and E. coli culture (106 CFU/mL) for 72 h at 15℃,and biofilms on the inner surface of the teflon tubes were analyzed by bacterial count and scanning electron microscopy. To evaluate the clear-ance effect of detergents,after biofilms were formed on the inner surface of Teflon tubes by 72 h lavage with E. coli culture,tubes were lavaged by enzymatic and non-enzymatic detergents at a speed of 250 mL/min,then biofilms on the inner surface were analyzed by bacterial count and scanning electron microscopy.RESULTS:Non-enzymatic detergent had a better inhi-bition function on biofilm formation than enzymatic de-tergent as it reduced bacterial burden by 2.4 log compared with the control samples (P = 0.00). Inhibition function of enzymatic detergent was not significantly different to that of control samples and reduced bac-terial burden by 0.2 log on average (P > 0.05). After lavaging at 250 mL/min for 3 min,no living bacteria were left in the tubes. Scanning electron microscopy observation showed biofi lms became very loose by the high shear force effect. CONCLUSION:Non-enzymatic detergent has a better inhibition effect on biofilm formation at room temperature. High speed pre-lavage and detergents are very important in temporal formed biofilm elimination.展开更多
<abstract>Aim: To investigate the ultrastructural changes of penile corpus cavernosum and tunica albuginea in rats treated with castration or finasteride. Methods: Eighteen male Sprague-Dawley rats of nine weeks...<abstract>Aim: To investigate the ultrastructural changes of penile corpus cavernosum and tunica albuginea in rats treated with castration or finasteride. Methods: Eighteen male Sprague-Dawley rats of nine weeks old were randomly divided into three groups with 6 rats each. Group A served as the control, Group B was castrated and Group C, treated with finasteride. Four weeks later, rats were anesthetized and blood samples obtained for the determination of serum testosterone (T) and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) levels; penile tissues were taken for scanning electron microscopy. Results: The T, free T and DHT levels in Group B and the DHT level in Group C were significantly lower than those in Group A (P<0.05). The tunica albuginea was significantly thinner in Group B than that in Group A (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference between Group C and Group A (P>0.05). Elastic fibers in the tunica albuginea of Group A were very rich and arranged regularly and undulatedly, but in Group B, most of the elastic fibers were replaced by collagenous fibers. In Group C, the tunica albuginea was mainly composed of thick and irregular-arranged collagenous fibers. In Group A, there were abundant smooth muscle fibers in the trabeculae of corpus cavernosum, but they were much less in Group C and scarce or even disappeared in Group B. In Groups B and C, the diminished/disappeared smooth muscle fibers were replaced by irregularly arranged collagenous fibers. Conclusion: In rats, androgen is essential for maintaining the normal structure of penile tunica albuginea and corpus carvenosum.展开更多
Two types of scanning strategies were adopted to study the effect of scanning strategy on grain structure and crystallographic texture of selective laser melted （SLM） Inconel 718. The results show that bidirec-tiona...Two types of scanning strategies were adopted to study the effect of scanning strategy on grain structure and crystallographic texture of selective laser melted （SLM） Inconel 718. The results show that bidirec-tional scanning without and with a 90°-rotation for every layer produced the bimodal grain structure and the directional columnar grain structure, respectively. Controlling the heat flux direction between the successive layers via scanning strategy enabled the formation of such different grain structures. Fur-thermore, when the 90°-rotation was applied, the competitive grain growth mechanism became more pronounced and the strong cube texture developed.展开更多
Various Ionic and molecular activities in the extraceUular environment are vital to plant cell physiological processes. A noninvasive microsensing system （NMS） based on either the scanning ion-selective electrode te...Various Ionic and molecular activities in the extraceUular environment are vital to plant cell physiological processes. A noninvasive microsensing system （NMS） based on either the scanning ion-selective electrode technique （SIET） or the scanning polarographlc electrode technique （SPET） is able to obtain information regarding the transportation of various Ions/molecules in Intact samples under normal physiological conditions. The two-probe simultaneous test system （2STS） Is an Integrated system composed of SIET, SPET, and a Xu-Kunkel sampling protocol. In the present study, 2STS was able to simultaneously measure fluxes of H^＋ and O2 of the Uly （Lillum Iongiflorum Thunb. cv. Ace） pollen tube while avoiding interference between the two probes. The results Indicate that the proton fluxes were effluxes, whereas the oxygen fluxes were Influxes, and they were closely correlated to each other surrounding the constitutive alkaline band region. Specifically, when the proton effluxes increased, the oxygen Influxes also increased. Therefore, the hypothesis of condensed active mitochondria existing in the alkalized area of the pollen tube proposed by Hepler＇s group is supported.展开更多
基金Supported by Medical and Health Research Foundation of Zhejiang Province, China, No. 2007B040, 2007B039
文摘AIM:To compare the influence and clearance effect of enzymatic and non-enzymatic detergents against Escherichia coli (E. coli) biofilm on the inner surface of gastroscopes.METHODS:Teflon tubes were incubated in a mixture of different detergents and E. coli culture (106 CFU/mL) for 72 h at 15℃,and biofilms on the inner surface of the teflon tubes were analyzed by bacterial count and scanning electron microscopy. To evaluate the clear-ance effect of detergents,after biofilms were formed on the inner surface of Teflon tubes by 72 h lavage with E. coli culture,tubes were lavaged by enzymatic and non-enzymatic detergents at a speed of 250 mL/min,then biofilms on the inner surface were analyzed by bacterial count and scanning electron microscopy.RESULTS:Non-enzymatic detergent had a better inhi-bition function on biofilm formation than enzymatic de-tergent as it reduced bacterial burden by 2.4 log compared with the control samples (P = 0.00). Inhibition function of enzymatic detergent was not significantly different to that of control samples and reduced bac-terial burden by 0.2 log on average (P > 0.05). After lavaging at 250 mL/min for 3 min,no living bacteria were left in the tubes. Scanning electron microscopy observation showed biofi lms became very loose by the high shear force effect. CONCLUSION:Non-enzymatic detergent has a better inhibition effect on biofilm formation at room temperature. High speed pre-lavage and detergents are very important in temporal formed biofilm elimination.
文摘<abstract>Aim: To investigate the ultrastructural changes of penile corpus cavernosum and tunica albuginea in rats treated with castration or finasteride. Methods: Eighteen male Sprague-Dawley rats of nine weeks old were randomly divided into three groups with 6 rats each. Group A served as the control, Group B was castrated and Group C, treated with finasteride. Four weeks later, rats were anesthetized and blood samples obtained for the determination of serum testosterone (T) and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) levels; penile tissues were taken for scanning electron microscopy. Results: The T, free T and DHT levels in Group B and the DHT level in Group C were significantly lower than those in Group A (P<0.05). The tunica albuginea was significantly thinner in Group B than that in Group A (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference between Group C and Group A (P>0.05). Elastic fibers in the tunica albuginea of Group A were very rich and arranged regularly and undulatedly, but in Group B, most of the elastic fibers were replaced by collagenous fibers. In Group C, the tunica albuginea was mainly composed of thick and irregular-arranged collagenous fibers. In Group A, there were abundant smooth muscle fibers in the trabeculae of corpus cavernosum, but they were much less in Group C and scarce or even disappeared in Group B. In Groups B and C, the diminished/disappeared smooth muscle fibers were replaced by irregularly arranged collagenous fibers. Conclusion: In rats, androgen is essential for maintaining the normal structure of penile tunica albuginea and corpus carvenosum.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC,Grant Nos.51771207 and 51571199)
文摘Two types of scanning strategies were adopted to study the effect of scanning strategy on grain structure and crystallographic texture of selective laser melted （SLM） Inconel 718. The results show that bidirec-tional scanning without and with a 90°-rotation for every layer produced the bimodal grain structure and the directional columnar grain structure, respectively. Controlling the heat flux direction between the successive layers via scanning strategy enabled the formation of such different grain structures. Fur-thermore, when the 90°-rotation was applied, the competitive grain growth mechanism became more pronounced and the strong cube texture developed.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （30170552）, Beijing Natural Science Foundation （5042004）, Beijing Education Committee Science and Technology Development Project （KM200410028015） and Applicable Electronics Inc. （Forestdale, MA, USA）.
文摘Various Ionic and molecular activities in the extraceUular environment are vital to plant cell physiological processes. A noninvasive microsensing system （NMS） based on either the scanning ion-selective electrode technique （SIET） or the scanning polarographlc electrode technique （SPET） is able to obtain information regarding the transportation of various Ions/molecules in Intact samples under normal physiological conditions. The two-probe simultaneous test system （2STS） Is an Integrated system composed of SIET, SPET, and a Xu-Kunkel sampling protocol. In the present study, 2STS was able to simultaneously measure fluxes of H^＋ and O2 of the Uly （Lillum Iongiflorum Thunb. cv. Ace） pollen tube while avoiding interference between the two probes. The results Indicate that the proton fluxes were effluxes, whereas the oxygen fluxes were Influxes, and they were closely correlated to each other surrounding the constitutive alkaline band region. Specifically, when the proton effluxes increased, the oxygen Influxes also increased. Therefore, the hypothesis of condensed active mitochondria existing in the alkalized area of the pollen tube proposed by Hepler＇s group is supported.
