Proven research output on the behavior of structures made of waste copper slag concrete can improve its utilization in the construction industry and thereby help to develop a sustainable built environment.Although num...Proven research output on the behavior of structures made of waste copper slag concrete can improve its utilization in the construction industry and thereby help to develop a sustainable built environment.Although numerous studies on waste copper slag concrete can be found in the published literature,no research has focused on the structural application of this type of concrete.In particular,the variability in the strength properties of waste copper slag concrete,which is required for various structural applications,such as limit state design formulation,reliability-based structural analysis,etc.,has so far not attracted the attention of researchers.This paper quantifies the uncertainty associated with the compressive-,flexural-and split tensile strength of hardened concrete with different dosages of waste copper slag as fine aggregate.Best-fit probability distribution models are proposed based on statistical analyses of strength data generated from laboratory experiments.In addition,the paper presents a reliability-based seismic risk assessment of a typical waste copper slag incorporated reinforced concrete framed building,considering the proposed distribution model.The results show that waste copper slag can be safely used for seismic resistant structures as it results in an identical probability of failure and dispersion in the drift demand when compared with a conventional concrete building made of natural sand.展开更多
Traditional Chinese herbs(TCH) are currently gaining attention in disease prevention and health care plans. However, their general bitter taste hinders their use. Despite the development of a variety of taste evaluati...Traditional Chinese herbs(TCH) are currently gaining attention in disease prevention and health care plans. However, their general bitter taste hinders their use. Despite the development of a variety of taste evaluation methods, it is still a major challenge to establish a quantitative detection technique that is objective, authentic and sensitive. Based on the two-bottle preference test(TBP), we proposed a novel quantitative strategy using a standardized animal test and a unified quantitative benchmark. To reduce the difference of results, the methodology of TBP was optimized. The relationship between the concentration of quinine and animal preference index(PI) was obtained. Then the PI of TCH was measured through TBP, and bitterness results were converted into a unified numerical system using the relationship of concentration and PI. To verify the authenticity and sensitivity of quantified results,human sensory testing and electronic tongue testing were applied. The quantified results showed a good discrimination ability. For example, the bitterness of Coptidis Rhizoma was equal to 0.0579 mg/mL quinine, and Nelumbinis Folium was equal to 0.0001 mg/mL. The validation results proved that the newassessment method for TCH was objective and reliable. In conclusion, this study provides an option for the quantification of bitterness and the evaluation of taste masking effects.展开更多
文摘Proven research output on the behavior of structures made of waste copper slag concrete can improve its utilization in the construction industry and thereby help to develop a sustainable built environment.Although numerous studies on waste copper slag concrete can be found in the published literature,no research has focused on the structural application of this type of concrete.In particular,the variability in the strength properties of waste copper slag concrete,which is required for various structural applications,such as limit state design formulation,reliability-based structural analysis,etc.,has so far not attracted the attention of researchers.This paper quantifies the uncertainty associated with the compressive-,flexural-and split tensile strength of hardened concrete with different dosages of waste copper slag as fine aggregate.Best-fit probability distribution models are proposed based on statistical analyses of strength data generated from laboratory experiments.In addition,the paper presents a reliability-based seismic risk assessment of a typical waste copper slag incorporated reinforced concrete framed building,considering the proposed distribution model.The results show that waste copper slag can be safely used for seismic resistant structures as it results in an identical probability of failure and dispersion in the drift demand when compared with a conventional concrete building made of natural sand.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 81403115)
文摘Traditional Chinese herbs(TCH) are currently gaining attention in disease prevention and health care plans. However, their general bitter taste hinders their use. Despite the development of a variety of taste evaluation methods, it is still a major challenge to establish a quantitative detection technique that is objective, authentic and sensitive. Based on the two-bottle preference test(TBP), we proposed a novel quantitative strategy using a standardized animal test and a unified quantitative benchmark. To reduce the difference of results, the methodology of TBP was optimized. The relationship between the concentration of quinine and animal preference index(PI) was obtained. Then the PI of TCH was measured through TBP, and bitterness results were converted into a unified numerical system using the relationship of concentration and PI. To verify the authenticity and sensitivity of quantified results,human sensory testing and electronic tongue testing were applied. The quantified results showed a good discrimination ability. For example, the bitterness of Coptidis Rhizoma was equal to 0.0579 mg/mL quinine, and Nelumbinis Folium was equal to 0.0001 mg/mL. The validation results proved that the newassessment method for TCH was objective and reliable. In conclusion, this study provides an option for the quantification of bitterness and the evaluation of taste masking effects.
