目的:验证流调中心抑郁量表(The Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale,CES-D)在我国城市人群中不同年龄组的适用性,并建立各年龄组常模。方法:采用横断面研究方法,在全国21省39座城市收集普通人群样本16047名[年龄11～...目的:验证流调中心抑郁量表(The Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale,CES-D)在我国城市人群中不同年龄组的适用性,并建立各年龄组常模。方法:采用横断面研究方法,在全国21省39座城市收集普通人群样本16047名[年龄11～100岁,平均(37.7±21.3)岁]以建立常模,在4个城市的精神科门诊与住院病人中选取病人样本349名[年龄16～81岁,平均(32.0±12.1)岁]以检验效标效度。从普通人群样本中抽取北京、东莞、包头的199名企业职工、100名大学生、30名教师进行了间隔8周的重测,以检验重测信度。结果:CES-D的Cronbachα系数为0.90,各因素的Cronbachα系数为0.68～0.86;间隔8周的重测信度为0.49(P<0.01),各因素重测相关为0.39～0.51(P<0.01);验证性因素分析支持原量表4因素的结构(RMSEA=0.057,CFI=0.976,GFI=0.948);心理疾病患者CES-D得分高于普通人群[(21.72±13.39)vs.(13.24±10.33),P<0.01)],其中抑郁患者得分最高[(27.82±14.42),P<0.01];不同年龄组CES-D得分差异有统计学意义,60岁以上组得分高于60岁以下各组(P<0.01)。结论:中文版流调中心抑郁量表适用于我国不同年龄群体,是一个可靠而有效的自评式抑郁症状测量工具。展开更多
目的:探讨社会人口学变量、疼痛相关因素、成人依恋对于济南社区老年慢性疼痛患者心理困扰的影响。方法:本研究应用一般社会人口学资料调查表,简明疼痛程度量表(Chinese version of Brief Pain Inventory,BPIC),亲密关系体验量表(Experi...目的:探讨社会人口学变量、疼痛相关因素、成人依恋对于济南社区老年慢性疼痛患者心理困扰的影响。方法:本研究应用一般社会人口学资料调查表,简明疼痛程度量表(Chinese version of Brief Pain Inventory,BPIC),亲密关系体验量表(Experiences in Close Relationship-Revised,ECR-R),Kessler10量表(The 10-item Kessler Psychological Distress Scale,K10),对山东省济南市242名社区老年慢性疼痛患者进行调查,通过单因素分析、相关分析、分层回归分析,确定社区老年慢性疼痛患者心理困扰的影响因素。结果:在一般社会人口学资料中,只有年龄分组、民族、宗教信仰、性格类型与心理困扰相关。而相关分析结果显示,体指数、疼痛程度、疼痛影响、依恋回避、依恋焦虑均与心理困扰相关显著(r=0.143、0.331、0.530、0.299、0.274)。分层logistic回归结果显示,疼痛影响、依恋回避、依恋焦虑对于心理困扰具有显著的独立预测作用。所有变量共解释总变异的54.3%。结论:社会人口学变量中年龄、民族、宗教信仰、性格类型,疼痛相关变量中疼痛对于日常生活的影响,依恋风格中依恋焦虑、依恋回避对社区老年慢性疼痛患者心理困扰均具有独立的预测作用。展开更多
Objective To compare the characteristics of suicides in the four main demographic groups： urban males, urban females, rural males and rural females in order to help clarify the demographic pattern of suicides in Chin...Objective To compare the characteristics of suicides in the four main demographic groups： urban males, urban females, rural males and rural females in order to help clarify the demographic pattern of suicides in China. Methods A detailed psychological autopsy survey instrument was independently administered to 895 suicide victims in family members and close associates from 23 geographically representative locations from around the country. Results Pesticide ingestion accounted for 58% （519） of all suicides and 61% （3181519） of deaths were due to unsuccessful medical resuscitation. A substantial proportion （37%） of suicide victims did not have a mental illness. Among the 563 victims with mental illness, only 13% （76/563） received psychiatric treatment. Compared to other demographic groups, young rural females who died from suicide had the highest rate of pesticide ingestion （79%）, the lowest prevalence of mental illness （39%）, and the highest acute stress from precipitating life events just prior to the suicide. Contusion Many suicides in China are impulsive acts of deliberate self-harm following acute interpersonal crises. Prevention of suicides in China must focus on improving awareness of psychological problems, improving mental health services, providing alternative social support networks for managing acute interpersonal conflicts, limiting access to pesticides, and improving the resuscitation skills of primary care providers.展开更多
文摘目的:验证流调中心抑郁量表(The Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale,CES-D)在我国城市人群中不同年龄组的适用性,并建立各年龄组常模。方法:采用横断面研究方法,在全国21省39座城市收集普通人群样本16047名[年龄11～100岁,平均(37.7±21.3)岁]以建立常模,在4个城市的精神科门诊与住院病人中选取病人样本349名[年龄16～81岁,平均(32.0±12.1)岁]以检验效标效度。从普通人群样本中抽取北京、东莞、包头的199名企业职工、100名大学生、30名教师进行了间隔8周的重测,以检验重测信度。结果:CES-D的Cronbachα系数为0.90,各因素的Cronbachα系数为0.68～0.86;间隔8周的重测信度为0.49(P<0.01),各因素重测相关为0.39～0.51(P<0.01);验证性因素分析支持原量表4因素的结构(RMSEA=0.057,CFI=0.976,GFI=0.948);心理疾病患者CES-D得分高于普通人群[(21.72±13.39)vs.(13.24±10.33),P<0.01)],其中抑郁患者得分最高[(27.82±14.42),P<0.01];不同年龄组CES-D得分差异有统计学意义,60岁以上组得分高于60岁以下各组(P<0.01)。结论:中文版流调中心抑郁量表适用于我国不同年龄群体,是一个可靠而有效的自评式抑郁症状测量工具。
文摘目的:探讨社会人口学变量、疼痛相关因素、成人依恋对于济南社区老年慢性疼痛患者心理困扰的影响。方法:本研究应用一般社会人口学资料调查表,简明疼痛程度量表(Chinese version of Brief Pain Inventory,BPIC),亲密关系体验量表(Experiences in Close Relationship-Revised,ECR-R),Kessler10量表(The 10-item Kessler Psychological Distress Scale,K10),对山东省济南市242名社区老年慢性疼痛患者进行调查,通过单因素分析、相关分析、分层回归分析,确定社区老年慢性疼痛患者心理困扰的影响因素。结果:在一般社会人口学资料中,只有年龄分组、民族、宗教信仰、性格类型与心理困扰相关。而相关分析结果显示,体指数、疼痛程度、疼痛影响、依恋回避、依恋焦虑均与心理困扰相关显著(r=0.143、0.331、0.530、0.299、0.274)。分层logistic回归结果显示,疼痛影响、依恋回避、依恋焦虑对于心理困扰具有显著的独立预测作用。所有变量共解释总变异的54.3%。结论:社会人口学变量中年龄、民族、宗教信仰、性格类型,疼痛相关变量中疼痛对于日常生活的影响,依恋风格中依恋焦虑、依恋回避对社区老年慢性疼痛患者心理困扰均具有独立的预测作用。
基金This project was supported by grants from the Ford Foundation, the Save the Children Fund, and Befrienders International.
文摘Objective To compare the characteristics of suicides in the four main demographic groups： urban males, urban females, rural males and rural females in order to help clarify the demographic pattern of suicides in China. Methods A detailed psychological autopsy survey instrument was independently administered to 895 suicide victims in family members and close associates from 23 geographically representative locations from around the country. Results Pesticide ingestion accounted for 58% （519） of all suicides and 61% （3181519） of deaths were due to unsuccessful medical resuscitation. A substantial proportion （37%） of suicide victims did not have a mental illness. Among the 563 victims with mental illness, only 13% （76/563） received psychiatric treatment. Compared to other demographic groups, young rural females who died from suicide had the highest rate of pesticide ingestion （79%）, the lowest prevalence of mental illness （39%）, and the highest acute stress from precipitating life events just prior to the suicide. Contusion Many suicides in China are impulsive acts of deliberate self-harm following acute interpersonal crises. Prevention of suicides in China must focus on improving awareness of psychological problems, improving mental health services, providing alternative social support networks for managing acute interpersonal conflicts, limiting access to pesticides, and improving the resuscitation skills of primary care providers.
