Renal tubules regulate blood pressure and humoral homeostasis. Mediators that play a significant role in regulating the transport of solutes and water include angiotensin Ⅱ （AngⅡ） and nitric oxide （NO）. AngⅡca...Renal tubules regulate blood pressure and humoral homeostasis. Mediators that play a significant role in regulating the transport of solutes and water include angiotensin Ⅱ （AngⅡ） and nitric oxide （NO）. AngⅡcan signifcantly raise blood pressure via effects on the heart, vasculature, and renal tubules. AngⅡ generally stimulates sodium reabsorption by triggering sodium and fuid retention in almost all segments of renal tu-bules. Stimulation of renal proximal tubule （PT） trans-port is thought to be essential for AngⅡ-mediated hy-pertension. However, AngⅡ has a biphasic effect on in vitro PT transport in mice, rats, and rabbits： stimulation at low concentrations and inhibition at high concentra-tions. On the other hand, NO is generally thought to inhibit renal tubular transport. In PTs, NO seems to be involved in the inhibitory effect of AngⅡ. A recent study reports a surprising fnding： AngⅡ has a mono-phasic stimulatory effect on human PT transport. De-tailed analysis of signalling mechanisms indicates that in contrast to other species, the human NO/guanosine 3’,5’-cyclic monophosphate/extracellular signal-regulat-ed kinase pathway seems to mediate this effect of Ang Ⅱ on PT transport. In this review we will discuss recent progress in understanding the effects of AngⅡ and NO on renal tubular transport.展开更多
目的探讨下肢骨折牵引复位装置辅助股骨近端防旋髓内钉(proximal femoral nail antirotation,PFNA)内固定术在EvansⅢ型、Ⅳ型股骨粗隆间骨折中的应用。方法收集周口骨科医院2020年1月-2022年1月的EvansⅢ型、Ⅳ型股骨粗隆间骨折患者96...目的探讨下肢骨折牵引复位装置辅助股骨近端防旋髓内钉(proximal femoral nail antirotation,PFNA)内固定术在EvansⅢ型、Ⅳ型股骨粗隆间骨折中的应用。方法收集周口骨科医院2020年1月-2022年1月的EvansⅢ型、Ⅳ型股骨粗隆间骨折患者96例,按照随机数字方法分为对照组及观察组,均48例,对照组采用髋关节置换术,观察组行下肢骨折牵引复位装置辅助PFNA内固定术治疗,观察两组患者手术一般指标、临床疗效、髋关节功能、疼痛评分、氧化应激情况及术后并发症。结果与对照组相比,观察组患者术中出血量、手术时间、住院时间、切口长度、下地负重时间均降低(P<0.05);对照组患者临床总有效率为79.17%,观察组患者临床总有效率为93.75%,观察组临床疗效优于对照组(P<0.05);两组患者术前髋关节功能量表(Harris)评分及视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评分无统计学差异(P>0.05),与术前相比,术后3个月、6个月的Harris评分升高,VAS评分降低(P<0.05),术后3个月、6个月,与对照组相比,观察组患者Harris评分升高,VAS评分降低(P<0.05);两组患者术前甲肾上腺素(norepinephrine,NE)、超氧化物歧化酶(superoxidedismutase,SOD)、血管紧张素Ⅱ(angiotensinⅡ,AngⅡ)水平无无统计学差异(P>0.05),与术前相比,术后7 d的NE、SOD及AngⅡ水平升高(P<0.05),术后7 d,与对照组相比,观察组患者NE、SOD及AngⅡ水平降低(P<0.05);对照组患者术后并发症的发生率为33.33%,观察组患者术后并发症的发生率为14.58%,与对照组相比,观察组术后并发症降低(P<0.05)。结论下肢骨折牵引复位装置辅助PFNA内固定术可显著提高EvansⅢ型、Ⅳ型股骨粗隆间骨折患者临床疗效,改善髋关节功能,降低疼痛,与髋关节置换术相比术后应激程度较小,并发症较低,值得应用。展开更多
文摘Renal tubules regulate blood pressure and humoral homeostasis. Mediators that play a significant role in regulating the transport of solutes and water include angiotensin Ⅱ （AngⅡ） and nitric oxide （NO）. AngⅡcan signifcantly raise blood pressure via effects on the heart, vasculature, and renal tubules. AngⅡ generally stimulates sodium reabsorption by triggering sodium and fuid retention in almost all segments of renal tu-bules. Stimulation of renal proximal tubule （PT） trans-port is thought to be essential for AngⅡ-mediated hy-pertension. However, AngⅡ has a biphasic effect on in vitro PT transport in mice, rats, and rabbits： stimulation at low concentrations and inhibition at high concentra-tions. On the other hand, NO is generally thought to inhibit renal tubular transport. In PTs, NO seems to be involved in the inhibitory effect of AngⅡ. A recent study reports a surprising fnding： AngⅡ has a mono-phasic stimulatory effect on human PT transport. De-tailed analysis of signalling mechanisms indicates that in contrast to other species, the human NO/guanosine 3’,5’-cyclic monophosphate/extracellular signal-regulat-ed kinase pathway seems to mediate this effect of Ang Ⅱ on PT transport. In this review we will discuss recent progress in understanding the effects of AngⅡ and NO on renal tubular transport.
