We examined the possible multiple defects induced by acute and prolonged exposure to high levels of manganese（Mn） solution by monitoring the endpoints of lifespan,development,reproduction,and stress response.Our dat...We examined the possible multiple defects induced by acute and prolonged exposure to high levels of manganese（Mn） solution by monitoring the endpoints of lifespan,development,reproduction,and stress response.Our data suggest that acute exposure（6 h） to Mn did not cause severe defects of life span,development,and reproduction,similarly,no significant defect could be found in animals exposed to a low concentration of Mn（2.5 μmol/L） for 48 h.In contrast,prolonged exposure（48 h） to high Mn concentrations（75 and 200 μmol/L） resulted in significant defects of life span,development,and reproduction,as well as the increase of the percentage of population with hsp-16.2：：gfp expression indicating the obvious induction of stress responses in exposed animals.Moreover,prolonged exposure（48 h） to high concentrations（75 and 200 μmol/L） of Mn decreased the expression levels of antioxidant genes of sod-1,sod-2,sod-3,and sod-4 compared to control.Therefore,prolonged exposure to high concentrations of Mn will induce the severe defects of life span,development,and reproduction in nematodes possibly by affecting the stress response and expression of antioxidant genes in Caenorhabditis elegans.展开更多
What are the best treatment approaches for children experiencing trauma after natural disasters? Historically, the U.S. emergency response system has not provided psychological support to communities impacted by disas...What are the best treatment approaches for children experiencing trauma after natural disasters? Historically, the U.S. emergency response system has not provided psychological support to communities impacted by disasters. Instead, the traditional emergency response community focused on ensuring the physical survival of the individuals and communities that it protects. The goal of all disaster interventions, whether physical or psychological in nature, is to restore the individual to his/her level of pre-disaster functioning. Emphasizing psychological intervention and treatment after disasters is essential in restoring health in individuals post-trauma because mental health is necessary for proper physical health, forming of coping mechanisms, and the ability of individuals to move past the trauma and lead normal lives. At young ages, the body is still developing mentally and physically, meaning the impact of a traumatic event may be completely different from that of most adults. For example, children have greater thought suppression, which leads to an associated increase in PTSD and internalizing behaviors. Thus, children require a different treatment approach to ensure that trauma is not long-lasting and prevalent in future adult life, such as through trouble expressing and regulating emotions, as well as vulnerability to future exposure to stress, which may negatively impact individuals’ identity and interpersonal abilities. The purpose of this review paper is to evaluate various memory-related disorders to then explain the pros and cons of various treatment approaches based on their efficiency in treating PTSD-related symptoms post-natural disasters in children. This review identifies the best pediatric trauma treatment approaches used after natural disasters, highlighting a lack of efficient, effective, and specific psychological treatments. By comparing various existing psychological treatments, this paper provides future directions for research by identifying existing gaps in the field and explains contr展开更多
The adsorption and desorption of CO on the Ag-rich and Pd-rich surface of Ag-Pd al-loy have been investigated with work function measurement, Auger spectroscopy （AES）,and thermal desorption spectroscopy （TDS） in a...The adsorption and desorption of CO on the Ag-rich and Pd-rich surface of Ag-Pd al-loy have been investigated with work function measurement, Auger spectroscopy （AES）,and thermal desorption spectroscopy （TDS） in an ultrahigh vacuum system, respectively.AES showed that the surface of the alloy (X<sub>Pd.bulk</sub>=40% at.) was rich in Ag after an-ncaling as would normally be expected and was rich in Pd after Ar<sup>+</sup> bombardment possiblycaused by different sputtering rate on account of their different surface binding energy.Afteradmission of CO the work functions of both surfaces （Pd-rich and Ag-rich） are raised. Theresults of AES and work function measurement confirmed that the Ag-rich alloy becamecnriched with Pd upon prolonged contact with CO at 293 K. With TDS, one singledesorption peak of adsorbed CO was observed throughout the whole range of exposure forthe Ag-Pd system. This result implied that Pd atom in the surface were acting as individualchemisorption centers and that the Ag atoms were merely acting as a展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30771113, 30870810)the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University
文摘We examined the possible multiple defects induced by acute and prolonged exposure to high levels of manganese（Mn） solution by monitoring the endpoints of lifespan,development,reproduction,and stress response.Our data suggest that acute exposure（6 h） to Mn did not cause severe defects of life span,development,and reproduction,similarly,no significant defect could be found in animals exposed to a low concentration of Mn（2.5 μmol/L） for 48 h.In contrast,prolonged exposure（48 h） to high Mn concentrations（75 and 200 μmol/L） resulted in significant defects of life span,development,and reproduction,as well as the increase of the percentage of population with hsp-16.2：：gfp expression indicating the obvious induction of stress responses in exposed animals.Moreover,prolonged exposure（48 h） to high concentrations（75 and 200 μmol/L） of Mn decreased the expression levels of antioxidant genes of sod-1,sod-2,sod-3,and sod-4 compared to control.Therefore,prolonged exposure to high concentrations of Mn will induce the severe defects of life span,development,and reproduction in nematodes possibly by affecting the stress response and expression of antioxidant genes in Caenorhabditis elegans.
文摘What are the best treatment approaches for children experiencing trauma after natural disasters? Historically, the U.S. emergency response system has not provided psychological support to communities impacted by disasters. Instead, the traditional emergency response community focused on ensuring the physical survival of the individuals and communities that it protects. The goal of all disaster interventions, whether physical or psychological in nature, is to restore the individual to his/her level of pre-disaster functioning. Emphasizing psychological intervention and treatment after disasters is essential in restoring health in individuals post-trauma because mental health is necessary for proper physical health, forming of coping mechanisms, and the ability of individuals to move past the trauma and lead normal lives. At young ages, the body is still developing mentally and physically, meaning the impact of a traumatic event may be completely different from that of most adults. For example, children have greater thought suppression, which leads to an associated increase in PTSD and internalizing behaviors. Thus, children require a different treatment approach to ensure that trauma is not long-lasting and prevalent in future adult life, such as through trouble expressing and regulating emotions, as well as vulnerability to future exposure to stress, which may negatively impact individuals’ identity and interpersonal abilities. The purpose of this review paper is to evaluate various memory-related disorders to then explain the pros and cons of various treatment approaches based on their efficiency in treating PTSD-related symptoms post-natural disasters in children. This review identifies the best pediatric trauma treatment approaches used after natural disasters, highlighting a lack of efficient, effective, and specific psychological treatments. By comparing various existing psychological treatments, this paper provides future directions for research by identifying existing gaps in the field and explains contr
基金Research supported by Chinese Universities Science and Technology Foundation Grant.
文摘The adsorption and desorption of CO on the Ag-rich and Pd-rich surface of Ag-Pd al-loy have been investigated with work function measurement, Auger spectroscopy （AES）,and thermal desorption spectroscopy （TDS） in an ultrahigh vacuum system, respectively.AES showed that the surface of the alloy (X<sub>Pd.bulk</sub>=40% at.) was rich in Ag after an-ncaling as would normally be expected and was rich in Pd after Ar<sup>+</sup> bombardment possiblycaused by different sputtering rate on account of their different surface binding energy.Afteradmission of CO the work functions of both surfaces （Pd-rich and Ag-rich） are raised. Theresults of AES and work function measurement confirmed that the Ag-rich alloy becamecnriched with Pd upon prolonged contact with CO at 293 K. With TDS, one singledesorption peak of adsorbed CO was observed throughout the whole range of exposure forthe Ag-Pd system. This result implied that Pd atom in the surface were acting as individualchemisorption centers and that the Ag atoms were merely acting as a
