【目的】探讨甘肃截形叶螨Tetranychus truncatus种群遗传多样性、遗传分化及种群系统发育关系。【方法】本研究以2016年6-9月采自甘肃省8个不同生境的34个截形叶螨种群的518头螨样品进行mt DNA COI基因PCR扩增、测序,并利用MEGA7.0和Dn...【目的】探讨甘肃截形叶螨Tetranychus truncatus种群遗传多样性、遗传分化及种群系统发育关系。【方法】本研究以2016年6-9月采自甘肃省8个不同生境的34个截形叶螨种群的518头螨样品进行mt DNA COI基因PCR扩增、测序,并利用MEGA7.0和Dna SP5.0等软件分析截形叶螨不同种群的mt DNA COI基因序列变异和遗传分化情况。【结果】在34个截形叶螨地理种群中共获得518条mt DNA COI基因片段,测定片段长度为402 bp,T,C,A和G碱基平均含量分别为43.2%,10.5%,32.2%和14.0%,A+T含量(75.4%)明显高于C+G含量(24.6%),有明显的A/T偏倚性;核酸多样性性指数为0.0328。共检出12个单倍型,单倍型指数为0.8004,其中,H2出现了14次,分布于5个生态区域,为主体单倍型,占个体样本的41%。单倍型网络中介图表明各单倍型明显聚为5个聚类簇;12个单倍型的NJ系统发育树明显地分为4支,该结果与单倍型中介网络图的结果基本一致。各种群间的遗传距离在0.001~0.08955之间。UPGMA聚类图结果表明JQ(酒泉)种群和HS(合水)种群与其他种群相比分化明显。Mantel检测结果表明,种群间的遗传距离与地理距离无显著的相关性(r=0.043,P>0.05)。34个种群间的遗传分化指数Fst为0.11995,种群间变异比例为1.20%。【结论】甘肃省8个生态区的34个截形叶螨种群间的遗传距离与地理距离无显著相关性;截形叶螨的遗传变异主要来自于种群内部,种群间还未发生明显的遗传分化现象。展开更多
为研究江苏多鳞四指马鲅Eleutheronema rhadinum和台湾四指马鲅Eleutheronema tetradactylum的遗传多样性及种群遗传结构,对两个群体的细胞色素b(Cytb)和16S r RNA序列进行了克隆分析。结果表明:在30个江苏多鳞四指马鲅样本中,检出Cytb...为研究江苏多鳞四指马鲅Eleutheronema rhadinum和台湾四指马鲅Eleutheronema tetradactylum的遗传多样性及种群遗传结构,对两个群体的细胞色素b(Cytb)和16S r RNA序列进行了克隆分析。结果表明:在30个江苏多鳞四指马鲅样本中,检出Cytb单倍型3个,变异位点2个,16S r RNA单倍型1个,变异位点0个;在台湾四指马鲅的30个样本中,检出Cytb单倍型1个,变异位点0个,16S r RNA单倍型1个,变异位点0个;多鳞四指马鲅的Cytb单倍型多样性(H)与核苷酸多样性(Pi)水平均高于四指马鲅,且Tajima'SD、Fu'S Fs中性检验结果皆为负值(P>0.1),说明江苏多鳞四指马鲅未经历种群扩张现象。研究表明,尽管多鳞四指马鲅与四指马鲅这两个群体的Cytb和16S r RNA基因存在较低的遗传多样性,但各自的基因型之间存在明显差异,适于作为这两个种类的鉴别标记。展开更多
目的:短串联重复序列(short tandem repeat,STR)因其高度多态性的遗传学特征,在法医遗传学、分子人类学、群体遗传学等领域发挥了重要作用。新开发的复合检测体系由于采用了更多数目的STR基因座而具有更高的分辨能力和应用价值。遗传多...目的:短串联重复序列(short tandem repeat,STR)因其高度多态性的遗传学特征,在法医遗传学、分子人类学、群体遗传学等领域发挥了重要作用。新开发的复合检测体系由于采用了更多数目的STR基因座而具有更高的分辨能力和应用价值。遗传多态性研究是STR在特定人群中应用的前提。本研究评估山西运城地区汉族人群23个STR基因座的遗传多态性在法医学个人识别和亲子鉴定中的应用价值,并分析山西运城汉族与其他不同群体的遗传关系。方法:应用AGCU EX25扩增试剂盒对来自山西运城汉族的525例健康无关个体进行23个STR基因座的复合扩增,ABI 3500遗传分析仪对扩增产物进行电泳分离,GeneMapperv 3.2软件进行基因分型,统计各基因座等位基因频率及法医学参数;并结合已公开报道的其他13个群体等位基因频率数据,计算群体间遗传距离,构建系统发生树。结果:23个STR基因座的等位基因频率分布为0.0010~0.5090,各基因座基因型分布符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡(P>0.05);23个STR累积个人识别率(cumulative power of discrimination,CPD),累积三联体非父排除率(cumulative power of exclusion for trios,CPE_(trio))、累计二联体非父排除率(cumulative power of exclusion for duos,CPE_(duo))分别为1-1.3052633748×10^(-27)、1-2.5831520522×10^(-10)和1-1.1936375004×10^(-6)。群体比较结果显示山西运城汉族与陕西渭南汉族、宁波汉族、辽宁汉族等同语系或地理位置较近的群体遗传关系较近,与新疆维吾尔族、广东汉族等不同语系或地理位置较远群体的遗传关系较远。结论:23个STR组成的复合体系较传统的STR复合体系具有更高的遗传多态性和鉴别能力,能更好地应用于山西运城汉族人群的法医学个人识别、亲子鉴定及群体遗传学研究中。展开更多
This study applied an optimized one-step 2b-RAD library construction strategy and performed simplified genome sequencing of 539 individuals from three continuously selected Chlamys farreri populations. SNP screening w...This study applied an optimized one-step 2b-RAD library construction strategy and performed simplified genome sequencing of 539 individuals from three continuously selected Chlamys farreri populations. SNP screening was performed using RAD typing software and population genetic parameters for the continuously selected populations from three generations(G1, G2, G3) were determined. The results showed that the optimized one-step 2b-RAD library construction strategy greatly simplified the experimental process, making it suitable for efficiently constructing a large number of libraries. A total of 18450 SNP markers were identified, which evenly distributed throughout the genome. Population genetic analysis of these three generations showed that the mean value of observed heterozygosity was 0.275 ± 0.177, 0.272 ± 0.181 and 0.275 ± 0.166, respectively. Meanwhile, the mean value of expected heterozygosity was 0.275 ± 0.141, 0.274 ± 0.145 and 0.280 ± 0.133, respectively. The Wright's fixation index(F) was 0.04291, 0.04976 and 0.06685, respectively. Markers deviated from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium accounted for 10.34%, 12.64%, and 23.11%, and the Shannon diversity index was 0.0999 ± 0.0404, 0.0921 ± 0.0388 and 0.0733 ± 0.0308. FIS(also known as the inbreeding coefficient) of the three populations was 0.0256, 0.0323 and 0.0468, respectively. We suggested that the 2b-RAD method is well suited to population genetic studies of aquacultured organisms. Moreover, our results indicated that the continuous selection affected the population genetic structure of the cultured Penglai-Red scallop, but the change was not significant; therefore, population selection should continue.展开更多
文摘【目的】探讨甘肃截形叶螨Tetranychus truncatus种群遗传多样性、遗传分化及种群系统发育关系。【方法】本研究以2016年6-9月采自甘肃省8个不同生境的34个截形叶螨种群的518头螨样品进行mt DNA COI基因PCR扩增、测序,并利用MEGA7.0和Dna SP5.0等软件分析截形叶螨不同种群的mt DNA COI基因序列变异和遗传分化情况。【结果】在34个截形叶螨地理种群中共获得518条mt DNA COI基因片段,测定片段长度为402 bp,T,C,A和G碱基平均含量分别为43.2%,10.5%,32.2%和14.0%,A+T含量(75.4%)明显高于C+G含量(24.6%),有明显的A/T偏倚性;核酸多样性性指数为0.0328。共检出12个单倍型,单倍型指数为0.8004,其中,H2出现了14次,分布于5个生态区域,为主体单倍型,占个体样本的41%。单倍型网络中介图表明各单倍型明显聚为5个聚类簇;12个单倍型的NJ系统发育树明显地分为4支,该结果与单倍型中介网络图的结果基本一致。各种群间的遗传距离在0.001~0.08955之间。UPGMA聚类图结果表明JQ(酒泉)种群和HS(合水)种群与其他种群相比分化明显。Mantel检测结果表明,种群间的遗传距离与地理距离无显著的相关性(r=0.043,P>0.05)。34个种群间的遗传分化指数Fst为0.11995,种群间变异比例为1.20%。【结论】甘肃省8个生态区的34个截形叶螨种群间的遗传距离与地理距离无显著相关性;截形叶螨的遗传变异主要来自于种群内部,种群间还未发生明显的遗传分化现象。
文摘为研究江苏多鳞四指马鲅Eleutheronema rhadinum和台湾四指马鲅Eleutheronema tetradactylum的遗传多样性及种群遗传结构,对两个群体的细胞色素b(Cytb)和16S r RNA序列进行了克隆分析。结果表明:在30个江苏多鳞四指马鲅样本中,检出Cytb单倍型3个,变异位点2个,16S r RNA单倍型1个,变异位点0个;在台湾四指马鲅的30个样本中,检出Cytb单倍型1个,变异位点0个,16S r RNA单倍型1个,变异位点0个;多鳞四指马鲅的Cytb单倍型多样性(H)与核苷酸多样性(Pi)水平均高于四指马鲅,且Tajima'SD、Fu'S Fs中性检验结果皆为负值(P>0.1),说明江苏多鳞四指马鲅未经历种群扩张现象。研究表明,尽管多鳞四指马鲅与四指马鲅这两个群体的Cytb和16S r RNA基因存在较低的遗传多样性,但各自的基因型之间存在明显差异,适于作为这两个种类的鉴别标记。
文摘目的:短串联重复序列(short tandem repeat,STR)因其高度多态性的遗传学特征,在法医遗传学、分子人类学、群体遗传学等领域发挥了重要作用。新开发的复合检测体系由于采用了更多数目的STR基因座而具有更高的分辨能力和应用价值。遗传多态性研究是STR在特定人群中应用的前提。本研究评估山西运城地区汉族人群23个STR基因座的遗传多态性在法医学个人识别和亲子鉴定中的应用价值,并分析山西运城汉族与其他不同群体的遗传关系。方法:应用AGCU EX25扩增试剂盒对来自山西运城汉族的525例健康无关个体进行23个STR基因座的复合扩增,ABI 3500遗传分析仪对扩增产物进行电泳分离,GeneMapperv 3.2软件进行基因分型,统计各基因座等位基因频率及法医学参数;并结合已公开报道的其他13个群体等位基因频率数据,计算群体间遗传距离,构建系统发生树。结果:23个STR基因座的等位基因频率分布为0.0010~0.5090,各基因座基因型分布符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡(P>0.05);23个STR累积个人识别率(cumulative power of discrimination,CPD),累积三联体非父排除率(cumulative power of exclusion for trios,CPE_(trio))、累计二联体非父排除率(cumulative power of exclusion for duos,CPE_(duo))分别为1-1.3052633748×10^(-27)、1-2.5831520522×10^(-10)和1-1.1936375004×10^(-6)。群体比较结果显示山西运城汉族与陕西渭南汉族、宁波汉族、辽宁汉族等同语系或地理位置较近的群体遗传关系较近,与新疆维吾尔族、广东汉族等不同语系或地理位置较远群体的遗传关系较远。结论:23个STR组成的复合体系较传统的STR复合体系具有更高的遗传多态性和鉴别能力,能更好地应用于山西运城汉族人群的法医学个人识别、亲子鉴定及群体遗传学研究中。
基金the supports from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.31130054 and 31472258)the AoShan Talents Program of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(No.2015ASTP-ES02)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.201564009)
文摘This study applied an optimized one-step 2b-RAD library construction strategy and performed simplified genome sequencing of 539 individuals from three continuously selected Chlamys farreri populations. SNP screening was performed using RAD typing software and population genetic parameters for the continuously selected populations from three generations(G1, G2, G3) were determined. The results showed that the optimized one-step 2b-RAD library construction strategy greatly simplified the experimental process, making it suitable for efficiently constructing a large number of libraries. A total of 18450 SNP markers were identified, which evenly distributed throughout the genome. Population genetic analysis of these three generations showed that the mean value of observed heterozygosity was 0.275 ± 0.177, 0.272 ± 0.181 and 0.275 ± 0.166, respectively. Meanwhile, the mean value of expected heterozygosity was 0.275 ± 0.141, 0.274 ± 0.145 and 0.280 ± 0.133, respectively. The Wright's fixation index(F) was 0.04291, 0.04976 and 0.06685, respectively. Markers deviated from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium accounted for 10.34%, 12.64%, and 23.11%, and the Shannon diversity index was 0.0999 ± 0.0404, 0.0921 ± 0.0388 and 0.0733 ± 0.0308. FIS(also known as the inbreeding coefficient) of the three populations was 0.0256, 0.0323 and 0.0468, respectively. We suggested that the 2b-RAD method is well suited to population genetic studies of aquacultured organisms. Moreover, our results indicated that the continuous selection affected the population genetic structure of the cultured Penglai-Red scallop, but the change was not significant; therefore, population selection should continue.
