Intracloud (IC) lightning flashes have been simulated in fine resolution (12.5 m) by using a bidirectional stochastic lightning parameterization scheme within 2-dimensional domain. The simu-lated results show that the...Intracloud (IC) lightning flashes have been simulated in fine resolution (12.5 m) by using a bidirectional stochastic lightning parameterization scheme within 2-dimensional domain. The simu-lated results show that the IC flashes have a bilevel channel structure and the altitudes of the hori-zontal channels are at the same heights of potential wells, which are supported by the previous VHF source observations and balloon soundings of electric field profile in the thundercloud. Further con-clusions are: (1) After an IC flash is initiated near the boundary between positve and nagetive charge zone, the negative (or positive) leader tends to propagate into the positive (or negative) charge zone. Both types of positive and negative IC flashes have been reproduced and their polarity depends on the up and down disposition of the positive and negative charge regions. (2) The extension range of leaders is correlative with the cloud charge distribution. The leader is possible to extend through the inverted charge region all over where it is extending, but keeps away from the isolated charge area of the same polarity. (3) The channel structures also depend on the electric potential distributions in the thundercloud. Before propagating into the central area of potential wells, the leader tends to extend along the direction with the maximum of potential gradient. Once extending away from the center of potential wells, the leader tends to extend along the direction with the slowest potential change. (4) The IC flash channels have the fractal feature with fractal dimension 1.45 before leaders pass through the central area of charge regions. The exponent decreases rapidly once leaders extend into the low-density charge regions. (5) The induced charges of opposite polarity are deposited in the leader channels within preexisting positive and negative charge regions during IC flash discharges. This causes a new and complicated charge distribution in the thundercloud, and the potential extremum drops from 200 to 20 Mv when the IC fla展开更多
Cultural relics line graphic serves as a crucial form of traditional artifact information documentation,which is a simple and intuitive product with low cost of displaying compared with 3D models.Dimensionality reduct...Cultural relics line graphic serves as a crucial form of traditional artifact information documentation,which is a simple and intuitive product with low cost of displaying compared with 3D models.Dimensionality reduction is undoubtedly necessary for line drawings.However,most existing methods for artifact drawing rely on the principles of orthographic projection that always cannot avoid angle occlusion and data overlapping while the surface of cultural relics is complex.Therefore,conformal mapping was introduced as a dimensionality reduction way to compensate for the limitation of orthographic projection.Based on the given criteria for assessing surface complexity,this paper proposed a three-dimensional feature guideline extraction method for complex cultural relic surfaces.A 2D and 3D combined factor that measured the importance of points on describing surface features,vertex weight,was designed.Then the selection threshold for feature guideline extraction was determined based on the differences between vertex weight and shape index distributions.The feasibility and stability were verified through experiments conducted on real cultural relic surface data.Results demonstrated the ability of the method to address the challenges associated with the automatic generation of line drawings for complex surfaces.The extraction method and the obtained results will be useful for line graphic drawing,displaying and propaganda of cultural relics.展开更多
为解决现有翼型几何参数化描述方法优化设计效率低、计算工作量大的问题,提出了一种基于深度学习的翼型参数化建模方法。该方法以伊利诺伊大学厄巴纳-香槟分校(University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign,UIUC)翼型数据库中翼型上下...为解决现有翼型几何参数化描述方法优化设计效率低、计算工作量大的问题,提出了一种基于深度学习的翼型参数化建模方法。该方法以伊利诺伊大学厄巴纳-香槟分校(University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign,UIUC)翼型数据库中翼型上下表面坐标点转化的翼型二维图像作为输入,首先使用卷积运算提取大量翼型图像的几何特征,然后通过多层感知机对提取的几何特征进行分类和压缩,将翼型形状压缩成若干个简化的拟合参数,最后通过解码器恢复翼型图像并输出翼型上下表面的点坐标。在此基础上,探讨了拟合参数数量对翼型几何精度的影响,确定了含6个拟合参数的卷积神经网络(convolutional neural network,CNN)结构,并基于计算流体力学数值仿真验证了所提出方法的拟合精度。最后,开发了可视化翼型几何设计软件,实现了拟合参数的调整与修正,并分析了各拟合参数对翼型形状的影响规律。结果表明,6个拟合参数均会对翼型形状产生全局影响,单独或联合调整6个拟合参数可获得新的翼型设计空间。研究结果可为翼型的优化设计提供技术支持与理论参考。展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.40205002 and 40475004).
文摘Intracloud (IC) lightning flashes have been simulated in fine resolution (12.5 m) by using a bidirectional stochastic lightning parameterization scheme within 2-dimensional domain. The simu-lated results show that the IC flashes have a bilevel channel structure and the altitudes of the hori-zontal channels are at the same heights of potential wells, which are supported by the previous VHF source observations and balloon soundings of electric field profile in the thundercloud. Further con-clusions are: (1) After an IC flash is initiated near the boundary between positve and nagetive charge zone, the negative (or positive) leader tends to propagate into the positive (or negative) charge zone. Both types of positive and negative IC flashes have been reproduced and their polarity depends on the up and down disposition of the positive and negative charge regions. (2) The extension range of leaders is correlative with the cloud charge distribution. The leader is possible to extend through the inverted charge region all over where it is extending, but keeps away from the isolated charge area of the same polarity. (3) The channel structures also depend on the electric potential distributions in the thundercloud. Before propagating into the central area of potential wells, the leader tends to extend along the direction with the maximum of potential gradient. Once extending away from the center of potential wells, the leader tends to extend along the direction with the slowest potential change. (4) The IC flash channels have the fractal feature with fractal dimension 1.45 before leaders pass through the central area of charge regions. The exponent decreases rapidly once leaders extend into the low-density charge regions. (5) The induced charges of opposite polarity are deposited in the leader channels within preexisting positive and negative charge regions during IC flash discharges. This causes a new and complicated charge distribution in the thundercloud, and the potential extremum drops from 200 to 20 Mv when the IC fla
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42071444,42101444)。
文摘Cultural relics line graphic serves as a crucial form of traditional artifact information documentation,which is a simple and intuitive product with low cost of displaying compared with 3D models.Dimensionality reduction is undoubtedly necessary for line drawings.However,most existing methods for artifact drawing rely on the principles of orthographic projection that always cannot avoid angle occlusion and data overlapping while the surface of cultural relics is complex.Therefore,conformal mapping was introduced as a dimensionality reduction way to compensate for the limitation of orthographic projection.Based on the given criteria for assessing surface complexity,this paper proposed a three-dimensional feature guideline extraction method for complex cultural relic surfaces.A 2D and 3D combined factor that measured the importance of points on describing surface features,vertex weight,was designed.Then the selection threshold for feature guideline extraction was determined based on the differences between vertex weight and shape index distributions.The feasibility and stability were verified through experiments conducted on real cultural relic surface data.Results demonstrated the ability of the method to address the challenges associated with the automatic generation of line drawings for complex surfaces.The extraction method and the obtained results will be useful for line graphic drawing,displaying and propaganda of cultural relics.
文摘为解决现有翼型几何参数化描述方法优化设计效率低、计算工作量大的问题,提出了一种基于深度学习的翼型参数化建模方法。该方法以伊利诺伊大学厄巴纳-香槟分校(University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign,UIUC)翼型数据库中翼型上下表面坐标点转化的翼型二维图像作为输入,首先使用卷积运算提取大量翼型图像的几何特征,然后通过多层感知机对提取的几何特征进行分类和压缩,将翼型形状压缩成若干个简化的拟合参数,最后通过解码器恢复翼型图像并输出翼型上下表面的点坐标。在此基础上,探讨了拟合参数数量对翼型几何精度的影响,确定了含6个拟合参数的卷积神经网络(convolutional neural network,CNN)结构,并基于计算流体力学数值仿真验证了所提出方法的拟合精度。最后,开发了可视化翼型几何设计软件,实现了拟合参数的调整与修正,并分析了各拟合参数对翼型形状的影响规律。结果表明,6个拟合参数均会对翼型形状产生全局影响,单独或联合调整6个拟合参数可获得新的翼型设计空间。研究结果可为翼型的优化设计提供技术支持与理论参考。
