As the vehicles gain the extensive popularity and increasing demand, traffic accident is one of the most serious problems faced by modem transportation system. Hereinto, crashes between cars and pedestrians cause plen...As the vehicles gain the extensive popularity and increasing demand, traffic accident is one of the most serious problems faced by modem transportation system. Hereinto, crashes between cars and pedestrians cause plenty of injuries and even death. Diverting attention from walking to smartphones is one of the main reasons for pedestrians getting injured by vehicles. However, the traditional measures protecting pedestrians from the vehicles heavily rely on the sound warning method, which do not capable for pedestrians focusing on the smartphones. As the smartphones become ubiquitous and intelligent, they have the capacity to provide alert for the pedestrians with the help of vehicle-to-pedestrian （V2P） communication. In this paper, an efficient vehicle-to-X （V2X） communication system is designed for the vehicle and pedestrian communication to guarantee the safety of people. It achieves the IEEE 802.11p and the WiFi protocols meanwhile on the on-board unit （OBU） designed for vehicles. Extensive evaluation shows that the OBU can provide the reliable communication for vehicle-to-vehicle （V2V） and V2P in terms of packet delivery rate and average delay. Furthermore, two safety applications have been developed to protect the safety of vehicles and pedestrians based on the data transferred from the OBU. The first application is designed to show the driving information and provide the collision forewaming alert on the tablet within the vehicle. The second application is developed for the smartphone to provide forewarning alert information to the smartphone-distracted vulnerable pedestrians. Smartphone states are appreciable to provide the adaptive alert modes. Experimental results show that these applications are capable of alerting the intersection accidents, and the pedestrians can get the adaptive alerts according to smartphone usage contexts.展开更多
On-board measurements of unit emissions of CO,HC,NOx and CO2 were conducted on 17 private cars powered by different types of fuels including gasoline,dual gasoline–liquefied petroleum gas（LPG）,gasoline,and diesel. ...On-board measurements of unit emissions of CO,HC,NOx and CO2 were conducted on 17 private cars powered by different types of fuels including gasoline,dual gasoline–liquefied petroleum gas（LPG）,gasoline,and diesel. The tests performed revealed the effect of LPG injection technology on unit emissions and made it possible to compare the measured emissions to the European Artemis emission model. A sequential multipoint injection LPG kit with no catalyst installed was found to be the most efficient pollutant reduction device for all of the pollutants,with the exception of the NOx. Specific test results for a sub-group of LPG vehicles revealed that LPG-fueled engines with no catalyst cannot compete with catalyzed gasoline and diesel engines. Vehicle age does not appear to be a determining parameter with regard to vehicle pollutant emissions. A fuel switch to LPG offers many advantages as far as pollutant emissions are concerned,due to LPG＇s intrinsic characteristics.However,these advantages are being rapidly offset by the strong development of both gasoline and diesel engine technologies and catalyst converters. The LPG＇s performance on a chassis dynamometer under real driving conditions was better than expected. The enforcement of pollutant emission standards in developing countries is an important step towards introducing clean technology and reducing vehicle emissions.展开更多
The study of vehicular networks has attracted considerable interest in academia and the industry.In the broad area,connected vehicles and autonomous driving are technologies based on wireless data communication betwee...The study of vehicular networks has attracted considerable interest in academia and the industry.In the broad area,connected vehicles and autonomous driving are technologies based on wireless data communication between vehicles or between vehicles and infrastructures.A Vehicle-to-Infrastructure(V2I)system consists of communications and computing over vehicles and related infrastructures.In such a system,wireless sensors are installed in some selected points along roads or driving areas.In autonomous driving,it is crucial for a vehicle to figure out the ideal routes by the communications between its equipped sensors and infrastructures then the vehicle is automatically moving along the routes.In this paper,we propose a Bezier curve based recursive algorithm,which effectively creates routes for vehicles through the communication between the On-Board Unit(OBU)and the Road-Side Units(RSUs).In addition,this approach generates a very low overhead.We conduct simulations to test the proposed algorithm in various situations.The experiment results demonstrate that our algorithm creates almost ideal routes.展开更多
A new wave of electric vehicles for personal mobility is currently crowding public spaces.They offer a sustainable and efficient way of getting around in urban environments,however,these devices bring additional safet...A new wave of electric vehicles for personal mobility is currently crowding public spaces.They offer a sustainable and efficient way of getting around in urban environments,however,these devices bring additional safety issues,including serious accidents for riders.Thereby,taking advantage of a connected personal mobility vehicle,we present a novel on-device Machine Learning(ML)-based fall detection system that analyzes data captured from a range of sensors integrated on an on-board unit(OBU)prototype.Given the typical processing limitations of these elements,we exploit the potential of the TinyML paradigm,which enables embedding powerful ML algorithms in constrained units.We have generated and publicly released a large dataset,including real riding measurements and realistically simulated falling events,which has been employed to produce different TinyML models.The attained results show the good operation of the system to detect falls efficiently using embedded OBUs.The considered algorithms have been successfully tested on mass-market low-power units,implying reduced energy consumption,flash footprints and running times,enabling new possibilities for this kind of vehicles.展开更多
传统的空气质量检测仪只能实时显示数据,并不具备数据传输能力;仪器采集的数据取决于传感器的质量高低,而进口的红外线空气质量分析仪价格非常昂贵;为解决这些问题,利用Arduino Uno R3单片机作为控制核心,与多种气体传感器一起组成实时...传统的空气质量检测仪只能实时显示数据,并不具备数据传输能力;仪器采集的数据取决于传感器的质量高低,而进口的红外线空气质量分析仪价格非常昂贵;为解决这些问题,利用Arduino Uno R3单片机作为控制核心,与多种气体传感器一起组成实时监测终端;传感器采集的数据经过Arduino单片机处理后,通过VANET技术发送给车载单元或手持观测器进行实时显示;同时数据也可以通过Internet传送到控制中心;重点描述了监测终端的硬件结构与软件设计,测试结果表明本系统具有可靠性高、实时性好等优点,具有非常高的实用价值。展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (61502045, 61201149)the National Science and Technology Major Project (2013ZX03001026-002, 2015ZX03001030)+3 种基金the EU FP7IRSES Mobile Cloud Project (612212)the 111 Project (B08004)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universitiesthe Beijing Higher Education Young Elite Teacher Project
文摘As the vehicles gain the extensive popularity and increasing demand, traffic accident is one of the most serious problems faced by modem transportation system. Hereinto, crashes between cars and pedestrians cause plenty of injuries and even death. Diverting attention from walking to smartphones is one of the main reasons for pedestrians getting injured by vehicles. However, the traditional measures protecting pedestrians from the vehicles heavily rely on the sound warning method, which do not capable for pedestrians focusing on the smartphones. As the smartphones become ubiquitous and intelligent, they have the capacity to provide alert for the pedestrians with the help of vehicle-to-pedestrian （V2P） communication. In this paper, an efficient vehicle-to-X （V2X） communication system is designed for the vehicle and pedestrian communication to guarantee the safety of people. It achieves the IEEE 802.11p and the WiFi protocols meanwhile on the on-board unit （OBU） designed for vehicles. Extensive evaluation shows that the OBU can provide the reliable communication for vehicle-to-vehicle （V2V） and V2P in terms of packet delivery rate and average delay. Furthermore, two safety applications have been developed to protect the safety of vehicles and pedestrians based on the data transferred from the OBU. The first application is designed to show the driving information and provide the collision forewaming alert on the tablet within the vehicle. The second application is developed for the smartphone to provide forewarning alert information to the smartphone-distracted vulnerable pedestrians. Smartphone states are appreciable to provide the adaptive alert modes. Experimental results show that these applications are capable of alerting the intersection accidents, and the pedestrians can get the adaptive alerts according to smartphone usage contexts.
文摘On-board measurements of unit emissions of CO,HC,NOx and CO2 were conducted on 17 private cars powered by different types of fuels including gasoline,dual gasoline–liquefied petroleum gas（LPG）,gasoline,and diesel. The tests performed revealed the effect of LPG injection technology on unit emissions and made it possible to compare the measured emissions to the European Artemis emission model. A sequential multipoint injection LPG kit with no catalyst installed was found to be the most efficient pollutant reduction device for all of the pollutants,with the exception of the NOx. Specific test results for a sub-group of LPG vehicles revealed that LPG-fueled engines with no catalyst cannot compete with catalyzed gasoline and diesel engines. Vehicle age does not appear to be a determining parameter with regard to vehicle pollutant emissions. A fuel switch to LPG offers many advantages as far as pollutant emissions are concerned,due to LPG＇s intrinsic characteristics.However,these advantages are being rapidly offset by the strong development of both gasoline and diesel engine technologies and catalyst converters. The LPG＇s performance on a chassis dynamometer under real driving conditions was better than expected. The enforcement of pollutant emission standards in developing countries is an important step towards introducing clean technology and reducing vehicle emissions.
基金the Presidential Incentive Awards(No.1103 and No.1105)MCCB summer research award in the University of North Georgia.
文摘The study of vehicular networks has attracted considerable interest in academia and the industry.In the broad area,connected vehicles and autonomous driving are technologies based on wireless data communication between vehicles or between vehicles and infrastructures.A Vehicle-to-Infrastructure(V2I)system consists of communications and computing over vehicles and related infrastructures.In such a system,wireless sensors are installed in some selected points along roads or driving areas.In autonomous driving,it is crucial for a vehicle to figure out the ideal routes by the communications between its equipped sensors and infrastructures then the vehicle is automatically moving along the routes.In this paper,we propose a Bezier curve based recursive algorithm,which effectively creates routes for vehicles through the communication between the On-Board Unit(OBU)and the Road-Side Units(RSUs).In addition,this approach generates a very low overhead.We conduct simulations to test the proposed algorithm in various situations.The experiment results demonstrate that our algorithm creates almost ideal routes.
基金This work has been supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science,Innovation and Universities,under the Ramon y Cajal Program(ref.RYC-2017-23823)the projects ONOFRE 3(ref.PID2020-112675RB)and Go2Edge(ref.RED2018-102585-T)+1 种基金by the European Commission,under the 5G-MOBIX(ref.825496)projectby the Spanish Ministry for the Ecological Transition and the Demographic Challenge,under the MECANO project(ref.PGE-MOVES-SING-2019-000104).
文摘A new wave of electric vehicles for personal mobility is currently crowding public spaces.They offer a sustainable and efficient way of getting around in urban environments,however,these devices bring additional safety issues,including serious accidents for riders.Thereby,taking advantage of a connected personal mobility vehicle,we present a novel on-device Machine Learning(ML)-based fall detection system that analyzes data captured from a range of sensors integrated on an on-board unit(OBU)prototype.Given the typical processing limitations of these elements,we exploit the potential of the TinyML paradigm,which enables embedding powerful ML algorithms in constrained units.We have generated and publicly released a large dataset,including real riding measurements and realistically simulated falling events,which has been employed to produce different TinyML models.The attained results show the good operation of the system to detect falls efficiently using embedded OBUs.The considered algorithms have been successfully tested on mass-market low-power units,implying reduced energy consumption,flash footprints and running times,enabling new possibilities for this kind of vehicles.
文摘传统的空气质量检测仪只能实时显示数据,并不具备数据传输能力;仪器采集的数据取决于传感器的质量高低,而进口的红外线空气质量分析仪价格非常昂贵;为解决这些问题,利用Arduino Uno R3单片机作为控制核心,与多种气体传感器一起组成实时监测终端;传感器采集的数据经过Arduino单片机处理后,通过VANET技术发送给车载单元或手持观测器进行实时显示;同时数据也可以通过Internet传送到控制中心;重点描述了监测终端的硬件结构与软件设计,测试结果表明本系统具有可靠性高、实时性好等优点,具有非常高的实用价值。
