Alzheimer’s disease （AD） is an increasingly pressing worldwide public-health, social, political and economic concern. Despite significant investment in multiple traditional therapeutic strategies that have achieved...Alzheimer’s disease （AD） is an increasingly pressing worldwide public-health, social, political and economic concern. Despite significant investment in multiple traditional therapeutic strategies that have achieved success in preclinical models addressing the pathological hallmarks of the disease, these efforts have not translated into any effective disease-modifying therapies. This could be because interventions are being tested too late in the disease process. While existing therapies provide symptomatic and clinical benefit, they do not fully address the molecular abnormalities that occur in AD neurons. The pathophysiology of AD is complex; mitochondrial bioenergetic deficits and brain hypometabolism coupled with increased mitochondrial oxidative stress are antecedent and potentially play a causal role in the disease pathogenesis. Dysfunctional mitochondria accumulate from the combination of impaired mitophagy, which can also induce injurious inflammatory responses, and inadequate neuronal mitochondrial biogenesis. Altering the metabolic capacity of the brain by modulating/potentiating its mitochondrial bioenergetics may be a strategy for disease prevention and treatment. We present insights into the mechanisms of mitochondrial dysfunction in AD brain as well as an overview of emerging treatments with the potential to prevent, delay or reverse the neurodegenerative process by targeting mitochondria.展开更多
Cancer cells are well documented to rewire their metabolism and energy production networks to support and enable rapid proliferation, continuous growth, survival in harsh conditions, invasion, metastasis, and resistan...Cancer cells are well documented to rewire their metabolism and energy production networks to support and enable rapid proliferation, continuous growth, survival in harsh conditions, invasion, metastasis, and resistance to cancer treatments. Since Dr. Otto Warhurg＇s discovery about altered cancer cell metabolism in 1930, thousands of studies have shed light on various aspects of cancer metabolism with a common goal to find new ways for effectively eliminating tumor cells by targeting their energy metabolism. This review highlights the importance of the main features of cancer metabolism, summarizes recent remarkable advances in this field, and points out the potentials to translate these scientific findings into life-saving diagnosis and therapies to help cancer patients.展开更多
AtNfsl is the Arabidopsis thaliana mitochondrial homolog of the bacterial cysteine desulfurases NifS and IscS, having an essential role in cellular Fe-S cluster assembly. Homology modeling of AtNfslm predicts a high g...AtNfsl is the Arabidopsis thaliana mitochondrial homolog of the bacterial cysteine desulfurases NifS and IscS, having an essential role in cellular Fe-S cluster assembly. Homology modeling of AtNfslm predicts a high global similarity with E. coil IscS showing a full conservation of residues involved in the catalytic site, whereas the chloroplastic AtNfs2 is more similar to the Synechocystis sp. SufS. Pull-down assays showed that the recombinant mature form, AtNfslm, specifically binds to Arabidopsis frataxin （AtFH）. A hysteretic behavior, with a lag phase of several minutes, was observed and hysteretic parameters were affected by pre-incubation with AtFH. Moreover, AtFH modulates AtNfslm kinetics, increasing Vmax and decreasing the S0.5 value for cysteine. Results suggest that AtFH plays an important role in the early steps of Fe-S cluster formation by regulating AtNfsl activity in plant mitochondria.展开更多
目的:探讨6周耐力训练和补充一氧化氮(NO)前体L-精氨酸(L-Arg)是否可以促进骨骼肌中NO-cGMP的生成,研究NO在耐力训练诱导的骨骼肌线粒体生物合成中的信号作用。方法:24只雄性SD大鼠随机分为4组:正常对照组(NC)、6周跑台训练组(Ex)、6周L...目的:探讨6周耐力训练和补充一氧化氮(NO)前体L-精氨酸(L-Arg)是否可以促进骨骼肌中NO-cGMP的生成,研究NO在耐力训练诱导的骨骼肌线粒体生物合成中的信号作用。方法:24只雄性SD大鼠随机分为4组:正常对照组(NC)、6周跑台训练组(Ex)、6周L-Arg补充组(L-Arg)以及6周训练和L-Arg补充组(L-Arg+Ex)。训练组每天进行90分钟跑台训练,每周5天,共计6周。L-Arg补充组补充L-Arg,剂量为每天500mg/千克体重,为期6周。取小腿三头肌,采用硝酸还原酶法测定NO浓度;放射免疫法测定cGMP浓度;荧光定量PCR分析PGC-1α、NRF-1、Tfam和COX IV mRNA水平以及采用Western blotting测定PGC-1α与COX IV蛋白含量。结果:Ex组与NC组相比较,骨骼肌NO浓度轻微增加,cGMP浓度显著增加,NRF-1、Tfam和COX IV mRNA水平以及PGC-1α和COX IV蛋白水平均显著增加;L-Arg+Ex组与NC组相比,NO、cGMP浓度和NRF-1和Tfam mRNA水平显著提高,PGC-1α蛋白含量和COX IV mR-NA和蛋白含量显著增加。结论:NO-cGMP信号通路可能参与了耐力训练诱导的骨骼肌线粒体生物合成。展开更多
线粒体是哺乳动物细胞内重要细胞器,通过生物合成、分裂/融合及线粒体自噬过程之间的平衡来维持线粒体质量,其功能异常将导致多种疾病的发生。腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶(AMP-activated protein kinase,AMPK)是感受细胞能量变化的关键分子,细...线粒体是哺乳动物细胞内重要细胞器,通过生物合成、分裂/融合及线粒体自噬过程之间的平衡来维持线粒体质量,其功能异常将导致多种疾病的发生。腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶(AMP-activated protein kinase,AMPK)是感受细胞能量变化的关键分子,细胞能量胁迫条件下激活AMPK调控了线粒体的功能,并影响细胞能量代谢和机体的健康,提示AMPK是调控线粒体质量的重要因子。基于此,该文综述了AMPK的结构和激活因素,围绕线粒体生物合成、分裂/融合的动力学和自噬讨论AMPK对哺乳动物细胞线粒体质量的调控作用,为通过激活AMPK而调控线粒体质量,从而为维持机体健康、降低疾病发生提供理论依据。展开更多
Certain microRNAs(miRNAs)can function as neuroprotective factors after reperfusion/ischemia brain injury.miRNA-142-3p can participate in the occurrence and development of tumors and myocardial ischemic injury by negat...Certain microRNAs(miRNAs)can function as neuroprotective factors after reperfusion/ischemia brain injury.miRNA-142-3p can participate in the occurrence and development of tumors and myocardial ischemic injury by negatively regulating the activity of Rac1,but it remains unclear whether miRNA-142-3p also participates in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury.In this study,a model of oxygen-glucose deprivation/re-oxygenation in primary cortical neurons was established and the neurons were transfected with miR-142-3p agomirs or miR-142-3p antagomirs.miR-142-3p expression was down-regulated in neurons when exposed to oxygen-glucose deprivation/re-oxygenation.Over-expression of miR-142-3p using its agomir remarkably promoted cell death and apoptosis induced by oxygen-glucose deprivation/re-oxygenation and improved mitochondrial biogenesis and function,including the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γcoactivator-1α,mitochondrial transcription factor A,and nuclear respiratory factor 1.However,the opposite effects were produced if miR-142-3p was inhibited.Luciferase reporter assays verified that Rac Family Small GTPase 1(Rac1)was a target gene of miR-142-3p.Over-expressed miR-142-3p inhibited NOX2 activity and expression of Rac1 and Rac1-GTPase(its activated form).miR-142-3p antagomirs had opposite effects after oxygen-glucose deprivation/re-oxygenation.Our results indicate that miR-142-3p down-regulates the expression and activation of Rac1,regulates mitochondrial biogenesis and function,and inhibits oxygen-glucose deprivation damage,thus exerting a neuroprotective effect.The experiments were approved by the Committee of Experimental Animal Use and Care of Central South University,China(approval No.201703346)on March 7,2017.展开更多
文摘Alzheimer’s disease （AD） is an increasingly pressing worldwide public-health, social, political and economic concern. Despite significant investment in multiple traditional therapeutic strategies that have achieved success in preclinical models addressing the pathological hallmarks of the disease, these efforts have not translated into any effective disease-modifying therapies. This could be because interventions are being tested too late in the disease process. While existing therapies provide symptomatic and clinical benefit, they do not fully address the molecular abnormalities that occur in AD neurons. The pathophysiology of AD is complex; mitochondrial bioenergetic deficits and brain hypometabolism coupled with increased mitochondrial oxidative stress are antecedent and potentially play a causal role in the disease pathogenesis. Dysfunctional mitochondria accumulate from the combination of impaired mitophagy, which can also induce injurious inflammatory responses, and inadequate neuronal mitochondrial biogenesis. Altering the metabolic capacity of the brain by modulating/potentiating its mitochondrial bioenergetics may be a strategy for disease prevention and treatment. We present insights into the mechanisms of mitochondrial dysfunction in AD brain as well as an overview of emerging treatments with the potential to prevent, delay or reverse the neurodegenerative process by targeting mitochondria.
基金supported by the National Institutes of Health through The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center’s Support Grant CA016672National Cancer Institute grant RO1CA 089266 (MHL)+3 种基金Directed Medical Research Programs Department of Defense Synergistic Idea Development Award BC062166 (SCY, MHL)the Susan G.Komen Breast Cancer Research Foundation Promise Grant KG081048 (SCY, MHL)Vietnam Education Foundation, Rosalie B.Hite FoundationDepartment of Defense Breast Cancer Research Program (Award # W81XWH-10-0171)
文摘Cancer cells are well documented to rewire their metabolism and energy production networks to support and enable rapid proliferation, continuous growth, survival in harsh conditions, invasion, metastasis, and resistance to cancer treatments. Since Dr. Otto Warhurg＇s discovery about altered cancer cell metabolism in 1930, thousands of studies have shed light on various aspects of cancer metabolism with a common goal to find new ways for effectively eliminating tumor cells by targeting their energy metabolism. This review highlights the importance of the main features of cancer metabolism, summarizes recent remarkable advances in this field, and points out the potentials to translate these scientific findings into life-saving diagnosis and therapies to help cancer patients.
文摘AtNfsl is the Arabidopsis thaliana mitochondrial homolog of the bacterial cysteine desulfurases NifS and IscS, having an essential role in cellular Fe-S cluster assembly. Homology modeling of AtNfslm predicts a high global similarity with E. coil IscS showing a full conservation of residues involved in the catalytic site, whereas the chloroplastic AtNfs2 is more similar to the Synechocystis sp. SufS. Pull-down assays showed that the recombinant mature form, AtNfslm, specifically binds to Arabidopsis frataxin （AtFH）. A hysteretic behavior, with a lag phase of several minutes, was observed and hysteretic parameters were affected by pre-incubation with AtFH. Moreover, AtFH modulates AtNfslm kinetics, increasing Vmax and decreasing the S0.5 value for cysteine. Results suggest that AtFH plays an important role in the early steps of Fe-S cluster formation by regulating AtNfsl activity in plant mitochondria.
文摘目的:探讨6周耐力训练和补充一氧化氮(NO)前体L-精氨酸(L-Arg)是否可以促进骨骼肌中NO-cGMP的生成,研究NO在耐力训练诱导的骨骼肌线粒体生物合成中的信号作用。方法:24只雄性SD大鼠随机分为4组:正常对照组(NC)、6周跑台训练组(Ex)、6周L-Arg补充组(L-Arg)以及6周训练和L-Arg补充组(L-Arg+Ex)。训练组每天进行90分钟跑台训练,每周5天,共计6周。L-Arg补充组补充L-Arg,剂量为每天500mg/千克体重,为期6周。取小腿三头肌,采用硝酸还原酶法测定NO浓度;放射免疫法测定cGMP浓度;荧光定量PCR分析PGC-1α、NRF-1、Tfam和COX IV mRNA水平以及采用Western blotting测定PGC-1α与COX IV蛋白含量。结果:Ex组与NC组相比较,骨骼肌NO浓度轻微增加,cGMP浓度显著增加,NRF-1、Tfam和COX IV mRNA水平以及PGC-1α和COX IV蛋白水平均显著增加;L-Arg+Ex组与NC组相比,NO、cGMP浓度和NRF-1和Tfam mRNA水平显著提高,PGC-1α蛋白含量和COX IV mR-NA和蛋白含量显著增加。结论:NO-cGMP信号通路可能参与了耐力训练诱导的骨骼肌线粒体生物合成。
文摘线粒体是哺乳动物细胞内重要细胞器,通过生物合成、分裂/融合及线粒体自噬过程之间的平衡来维持线粒体质量,其功能异常将导致多种疾病的发生。腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶(AMP-activated protein kinase,AMPK)是感受细胞能量变化的关键分子,细胞能量胁迫条件下激活AMPK调控了线粒体的功能,并影响细胞能量代谢和机体的健康,提示AMPK是调控线粒体质量的重要因子。基于此,该文综述了AMPK的结构和激活因素,围绕线粒体生物合成、分裂/融合的动力学和自噬讨论AMPK对哺乳动物细胞线粒体质量的调控作用,为通过激活AMPK而调控线粒体质量,从而为维持机体健康、降低疾病发生提供理论依据。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81771422(to ZY)
文摘Certain microRNAs(miRNAs)can function as neuroprotective factors after reperfusion/ischemia brain injury.miRNA-142-3p can participate in the occurrence and development of tumors and myocardial ischemic injury by negatively regulating the activity of Rac1,but it remains unclear whether miRNA-142-3p also participates in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury.In this study,a model of oxygen-glucose deprivation/re-oxygenation in primary cortical neurons was established and the neurons were transfected with miR-142-3p agomirs or miR-142-3p antagomirs.miR-142-3p expression was down-regulated in neurons when exposed to oxygen-glucose deprivation/re-oxygenation.Over-expression of miR-142-3p using its agomir remarkably promoted cell death and apoptosis induced by oxygen-glucose deprivation/re-oxygenation and improved mitochondrial biogenesis and function,including the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γcoactivator-1α,mitochondrial transcription factor A,and nuclear respiratory factor 1.However,the opposite effects were produced if miR-142-3p was inhibited.Luciferase reporter assays verified that Rac Family Small GTPase 1(Rac1)was a target gene of miR-142-3p.Over-expressed miR-142-3p inhibited NOX2 activity and expression of Rac1 and Rac1-GTPase(its activated form).miR-142-3p antagomirs had opposite effects after oxygen-glucose deprivation/re-oxygenation.Our results indicate that miR-142-3p down-regulates the expression and activation of Rac1,regulates mitochondrial biogenesis and function,and inhibits oxygen-glucose deprivation damage,thus exerting a neuroprotective effect.The experiments were approved by the Committee of Experimental Animal Use and Care of Central South University,China(approval No.201703346)on March 7,2017.
