Postpartum depression （PPD） is a modified form of major depressive disorders （MDD） that can exert profound negative effects on both mothers and infants than MDD. Within the postpartum period, both mothers and infa...Postpartum depression （PPD） is a modified form of major depressive disorders （MDD） that can exert profound negative effects on both mothers and infants than MDD. Within the postpartum period, both mothers and infants are susceptible; but because PPD typically occurs for short durations and has moderate symptoms, there exists challenges in exploring and addressing the underlying cause of the depression. This fact highlights the need for relevant animal models. In the present study, postpartum adult female cynomolgus monkeys （Macaca fascicularis） living in breeding groups were observed for typical depressive behavior. The huddle posture behavior was utilized as an indicator of behavioral depression postpartum （BDP） as it has been established as the core depressive-like behavior in primates. Monkeys were divided into two groups： A t3DP group （n=6）, which were found to spend more time huddling over the first two weeks postpartum than other individuals that formed a non-depression control group （n=4）. The two groups were then further analyzed for locomotive activity, stressful events, hair cortisol levels and for maternal interactive behaviors. No differences were found between the BDP and control groups in locomotive activity, in the frequencies of stressful events experienced and in hair cortisol levels. These findings suggested that the postpartum depression witnessed in the monkeys was not related to external factors other than puerperium period. Interestingly, the BDP monkeys displayed an abnormal maternal relationship consisting of increased infant grooming. Taken together, these findings suggest that the adult female cynomolgus monkeys provide a natural model of behavioral postpartum depression that holds a number of advantages over commonly used rodent systems in PPD modeling. The cynomolgus monkeys have a highly-organized social hierarchy and reproductive characteristics without seasonal restriction--similar to humans--as well as much greater homology to humans than rodents. As such,展开更多
为研究西南地区乌蒙乌骨鸡、云龙矮脚鸡、施甸鸡的遗传多样性及母系亲缘关系,通过PCR扩增、产物回收、测序的方法,获得3个地方鸡种81个个体的mt DNA D-loop区的部分序列,利用Clustal W、Dna SP5.10、MEGA4.0等生物信息学软件对测序结果...为研究西南地区乌蒙乌骨鸡、云龙矮脚鸡、施甸鸡的遗传多样性及母系亲缘关系,通过PCR扩增、产物回收、测序的方法,获得3个地方鸡种81个个体的mt DNA D-loop区的部分序列,利用Clustal W、Dna SP5.10、MEGA4.0等生物信息学软件对测序结果进行分析。通过对81个个体mt DNA D-loop区731~795 bp的片段数据分析,并与原鸡属的mt DNA D-loop进行聚类,构建了单倍型及品种聚类图。结果显示,乌蒙乌骨鸡、云龙矮脚鸡、施甸鸡的单倍型多样性指数分别为0.712±0.068、0.895±0.048、0.731±0.074;乌蒙乌骨鸡、云龙矮脚鸡、施甸鸡具有较近的亲缘关系,推测3个地方鸡种起源于分布在越南北部、中国云南东南部、广西西南部、雷周半岛的徐闻、海南岛的Gallus gallus jabouillei亚种。展开更多
Background: In recent years, there has been growing interest in the effect of maternal exposure to physiological, environmental, and also psychological factors during gestation on child development. Several independen...Background: In recent years, there has been growing interest in the effect of maternal exposure to physiological, environmental, and also psychological factors during gestation on child development. Several independent studies link maternal stress during pregnancy to emotional and behavioral problems in the child. Objectives: This study aimed to observe the effect of maternal cognitive activity on fetal brain blood flow to determine whether systematic maternal mathematical activity during pregnancy might influence child brain development. Method: Thirty-five women in the 28th to 40th week of pregnancy engaged in mathematical activities. Fetal middle cerebral artery (MCA), pulsatility index (PI) and peak systolic velocity (PSV) were monitored before, during, and after the activity. Results: Brain activity and blood flow were shown to be intimately linked. We observed a significant decrease in fetal brain MCA resistance, as evidenced by decreased MCA PI, towards the end of the mathematical activity. This may result in increased blood flow in the arteries supplying most brain regions and, possibly, increased brain activity. Conclusions: A correlation between the mother’s engagement in mathematical activities and fetal brain blood flow may lead to enhancement of the fetus’s brain function and a cognitive advantage for the child.展开更多
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(31271167,81271495,31070963,30921064)the Yunnan Provincial Project to attract ore-hundred exceptional talents from Overseas
文摘Postpartum depression （PPD） is a modified form of major depressive disorders （MDD） that can exert profound negative effects on both mothers and infants than MDD. Within the postpartum period, both mothers and infants are susceptible; but because PPD typically occurs for short durations and has moderate symptoms, there exists challenges in exploring and addressing the underlying cause of the depression. This fact highlights the need for relevant animal models. In the present study, postpartum adult female cynomolgus monkeys （Macaca fascicularis） living in breeding groups were observed for typical depressive behavior. The huddle posture behavior was utilized as an indicator of behavioral depression postpartum （BDP） as it has been established as the core depressive-like behavior in primates. Monkeys were divided into two groups： A t3DP group （n=6）, which were found to spend more time huddling over the first two weeks postpartum than other individuals that formed a non-depression control group （n=4）. The two groups were then further analyzed for locomotive activity, stressful events, hair cortisol levels and for maternal interactive behaviors. No differences were found between the BDP and control groups in locomotive activity, in the frequencies of stressful events experienced and in hair cortisol levels. These findings suggested that the postpartum depression witnessed in the monkeys was not related to external factors other than puerperium period. Interestingly, the BDP monkeys displayed an abnormal maternal relationship consisting of increased infant grooming. Taken together, these findings suggest that the adult female cynomolgus monkeys provide a natural model of behavioral postpartum depression that holds a number of advantages over commonly used rodent systems in PPD modeling. The cynomolgus monkeys have a highly-organized social hierarchy and reproductive characteristics without seasonal restriction--similar to humans--as well as much greater homology to humans than rodents. As such,
文摘为研究西南地区乌蒙乌骨鸡、云龙矮脚鸡、施甸鸡的遗传多样性及母系亲缘关系,通过PCR扩增、产物回收、测序的方法,获得3个地方鸡种81个个体的mt DNA D-loop区的部分序列,利用Clustal W、Dna SP5.10、MEGA4.0等生物信息学软件对测序结果进行分析。通过对81个个体mt DNA D-loop区731~795 bp的片段数据分析,并与原鸡属的mt DNA D-loop进行聚类,构建了单倍型及品种聚类图。结果显示,乌蒙乌骨鸡、云龙矮脚鸡、施甸鸡的单倍型多样性指数分别为0.712±0.068、0.895±0.048、0.731±0.074;乌蒙乌骨鸡、云龙矮脚鸡、施甸鸡具有较近的亲缘关系,推测3个地方鸡种起源于分布在越南北部、中国云南东南部、广西西南部、雷周半岛的徐闻、海南岛的Gallus gallus jabouillei亚种。
文摘Background: In recent years, there has been growing interest in the effect of maternal exposure to physiological, environmental, and also psychological factors during gestation on child development. Several independent studies link maternal stress during pregnancy to emotional and behavioral problems in the child. Objectives: This study aimed to observe the effect of maternal cognitive activity on fetal brain blood flow to determine whether systematic maternal mathematical activity during pregnancy might influence child brain development. Method: Thirty-five women in the 28th to 40th week of pregnancy engaged in mathematical activities. Fetal middle cerebral artery (MCA), pulsatility index (PI) and peak systolic velocity (PSV) were monitored before, during, and after the activity. Results: Brain activity and blood flow were shown to be intimately linked. We observed a significant decrease in fetal brain MCA resistance, as evidenced by decreased MCA PI, towards the end of the mathematical activity. This may result in increased blood flow in the arteries supplying most brain regions and, possibly, increased brain activity. Conclusions: A correlation between the mother’s engagement in mathematical activities and fetal brain blood flow may lead to enhancement of the fetus’s brain function and a cognitive advantage for the child.
