Chinese farmers are often accused of overusing pesticides that play a crucial role in enhancing crop yield by reducing losses to crop pests. Pesticide overuse has caused a series of negative health and environmental e...Chinese farmers are often accused of overusing pesticides that play a crucial role in enhancing crop yield by reducing losses to crop pests. Pesticide overuse has caused a series of negative health and environmental externalities. This paper quantiifes the productivity effect and the optimal amount of pesticides in rice, cotton and maize production in China from the economic perspective. Using survey data col ected in 2012 and 2013, both Cobb-Douglas and Weibul damage control speciifcations are used to estimate the production function. Results show that pesticides have statistical y signiifcant pro-ductivity effect on crop yield. On the condition of Weibul damage control speciifcations, the marginal products of 1 kg of the active ingredients of pesticides for rice, cotton and maize are 71.06, 22.73 and 98.45 kg, respectively. However, 57, 64 and 17%of the actual amount of pesticides are overused for rice, cotton and maize, respectively. Moreover, the productivity effect of pesticides would be overestimated using Cobb-Douglas speciifcation without incorporating a damage control agent.展开更多
本文基于中国4省份397个生猪养殖户调查数据,引入损害控制模型(damage control model),分析了生猪养殖户使用兽药的边际生产率。本文建立兽药使用的回归模型,将由此回归模型得到的兽药使用成本预测值代入Cobb-Douglas生产函数及损害控...本文基于中国4省份397个生猪养殖户调查数据,引入损害控制模型(damage control model),分析了生猪养殖户使用兽药的边际生产率。本文建立兽药使用的回归模型,将由此回归模型得到的兽药使用成本预测值代入Cobb-Douglas生产函数及损害控制模型以处理内生性,所得回归分析结果显示:病害预期损失、兽药平均价格以及养殖规模对兽药使用成本具有显著的正向影响;对不同类型兽药的使用成本而言,养殖监管水平、参与养殖技术培训情况以及养殖信息获取便捷程度对保健类兽药的使用成本具有显著的负向影响,而对治疗类兽药的使用成本并无显著影响;对于治疗类兽药来说,损失厌恶是导致其使用成本上升的主要原因,其他相关因素影响较小。此外,根据损害控制模型的估计结果,本文发现,兽药的边际生产率接近于0,表明所调查地区生猪养殖户已经过量使用兽药。展开更多
基金financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (71173014 and 71210004)the China Scholarship Council (201306030053)
文摘Chinese farmers are often accused of overusing pesticides that play a crucial role in enhancing crop yield by reducing losses to crop pests. Pesticide overuse has caused a series of negative health and environmental externalities. This paper quantiifes the productivity effect and the optimal amount of pesticides in rice, cotton and maize production in China from the economic perspective. Using survey data col ected in 2012 and 2013, both Cobb-Douglas and Weibul damage control speciifcations are used to estimate the production function. Results show that pesticides have statistical y signiifcant pro-ductivity effect on crop yield. On the condition of Weibul damage control speciifcations, the marginal products of 1 kg of the active ingredients of pesticides for rice, cotton and maize are 71.06, 22.73 and 98.45 kg, respectively. However, 57, 64 and 17%of the actual amount of pesticides are overused for rice, cotton and maize, respectively. Moreover, the productivity effect of pesticides would be overestimated using Cobb-Douglas speciifcation without incorporating a damage control agent.
文摘本文基于中国4省份397个生猪养殖户调查数据,引入损害控制模型(damage control model),分析了生猪养殖户使用兽药的边际生产率。本文建立兽药使用的回归模型,将由此回归模型得到的兽药使用成本预测值代入Cobb-Douglas生产函数及损害控制模型以处理内生性,所得回归分析结果显示:病害预期损失、兽药平均价格以及养殖规模对兽药使用成本具有显著的正向影响;对不同类型兽药的使用成本而言,养殖监管水平、参与养殖技术培训情况以及养殖信息获取便捷程度对保健类兽药的使用成本具有显著的负向影响,而对治疗类兽药的使用成本并无显著影响;对于治疗类兽药来说,损失厌恶是导致其使用成本上升的主要原因,其他相关因素影响较小。此外,根据损害控制模型的估计结果,本文发现,兽药的边际生产率接近于0,表明所调查地区生猪养殖户已经过量使用兽药。
