The hot electron transition of noble materials to catalysis accelerated by localized surface plasmon resonances(LSPRs)was detected by in situ irradiated X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(ISI-XPS)in this article.This pa...The hot electron transition of noble materials to catalysis accelerated by localized surface plasmon resonances(LSPRs)was detected by in situ irradiated X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(ISI-XPS)in this article.This paper synthesized an Ag Nanowire(AgNW)@WS2 core-shell structure,with an ultra-thin shell of WS_(2)(3-7 nm),and characterized its photocatalytic properties.The AgNW@WS_(2) core-shell structure exhibited different surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy(SERS)effects by changing shell thickness,indicating that the effect of AgNW could be controlled by WS2 shell.Furthermore,the hydrogen production of AgNW@WS2 could reach to 356%of that of pure WS2.The hot electrons arising from the LSPRs effect broke through the Schottky barrier between WS_(2) and AgNW and transferred to the WS2 shell,whose photocatalytic effect was thus enhanced.In addition,when the LSPRs effect was intensified by reducing the shell thickness,the hot electron transition of noble materials to catalysis was accelerated.展开更多
Agricultural production by smallholders is crucial for ensuring food provision in China.However,smallholders face a series of challenges on their farms including high-to-excess resource inputs,low use efficiency,as we...Agricultural production by smallholders is crucial for ensuring food provision in China.However,smallholders face a series of challenges on their farms including high-to-excess resource inputs,low use efficiency,as well as negative environmental impacts,which may be unfavorable for sustainable agriculture production.This study developed a county-level sustainability assessment of maize production in Hebei,China,by applying multiple data sources in combination with emergy,carbon footprint,nitrogen footprint and costbenefit analyses.Scenario analysis was applied to explore the localized implementation strategies to achieve the sustainable farming system.The results show that the average emergy sustainability index(ESI)of maize at 2.31 is relatively low.The average greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions and reactive nitrogen(Nr)losses are 0.15 g·kcal^(−1) CO_(2)-eq and 3.75 mg·kcal^(−1) N,respectively.The average cost and net income are 12,700 and 4340 CNY·ha^(−1),respectively.These results indicate a great potential to improve the environmental-economic sustainability of the maize production system of smallholders.In addition,the environmental and economic indicators calculated from the maize production show a substantial spatial heterogeneity among counties,indicating a requirement for different optimization strategies to improve the environment-economy sustainability at a finer scale.Based on the multiple scenario analysis,optimal strategies targeting each county are proposed.By adopting the optimal strategies,the average ESI and net income could increase by 32%and 83%,respectively,and the average GHG emissions and Nr losses reduce by 33%and 35%,respectively.These findings provide an important reference for adopting different strategies to achieve environmenteconomy sustainability for smallholders production systems with diverse landscapes in North China and propose a transition pathway toward achieving agriculture sustainability for smallholders worldwide.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52072306,51772246)the National Science and Technology Major Project(2017-V-0007-0077)+4 种基金the National Defense Basic Scientific Research Program of China(JCKYS2019607001)the National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments(6142905192509)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFB1103500 and 2017YFB1103501)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(3102019PJ008 and 3102018jcc002)the National Program for Support of Top-notch Young Professionals(W02070161).
文摘The hot electron transition of noble materials to catalysis accelerated by localized surface plasmon resonances(LSPRs)was detected by in situ irradiated X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(ISI-XPS)in this article.This paper synthesized an Ag Nanowire(AgNW)@WS2 core-shell structure,with an ultra-thin shell of WS_(2)(3-7 nm),and characterized its photocatalytic properties.The AgNW@WS_(2) core-shell structure exhibited different surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy(SERS)effects by changing shell thickness,indicating that the effect of AgNW could be controlled by WS2 shell.Furthermore,the hydrogen production of AgNW@WS2 could reach to 356%of that of pure WS2.The hot electrons arising from the LSPRs effect broke through the Schottky barrier between WS_(2) and AgNW and transferred to the WS2 shell,whose photocatalytic effect was thus enhanced.In addition,when the LSPRs effect was intensified by reducing the shell thickness,the hot electron transition of noble materials to catalysis was accelerated.
基金funded by State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex(SCAPC202102)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(71904189).
文摘Agricultural production by smallholders is crucial for ensuring food provision in China.However,smallholders face a series of challenges on their farms including high-to-excess resource inputs,low use efficiency,as well as negative environmental impacts,which may be unfavorable for sustainable agriculture production.This study developed a county-level sustainability assessment of maize production in Hebei,China,by applying multiple data sources in combination with emergy,carbon footprint,nitrogen footprint and costbenefit analyses.Scenario analysis was applied to explore the localized implementation strategies to achieve the sustainable farming system.The results show that the average emergy sustainability index(ESI)of maize at 2.31 is relatively low.The average greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions and reactive nitrogen(Nr)losses are 0.15 g·kcal^(−1) CO_(2)-eq and 3.75 mg·kcal^(−1) N,respectively.The average cost and net income are 12,700 and 4340 CNY·ha^(−1),respectively.These results indicate a great potential to improve the environmental-economic sustainability of the maize production system of smallholders.In addition,the environmental and economic indicators calculated from the maize production show a substantial spatial heterogeneity among counties,indicating a requirement for different optimization strategies to improve the environment-economy sustainability at a finer scale.Based on the multiple scenario analysis,optimal strategies targeting each county are proposed.By adopting the optimal strategies,the average ESI and net income could increase by 32%and 83%,respectively,and the average GHG emissions and Nr losses reduce by 33%and 35%,respectively.These findings provide an important reference for adopting different strategies to achieve environmenteconomy sustainability for smallholders production systems with diverse landscapes in North China and propose a transition pathway toward achieving agriculture sustainability for smallholders worldwide.
