Microalgae Tetraselmis subcordiformis and Nannochloropsis oculata were cultured at 15,20,25,30,and 35℃ and their properties as potential biofuel resources were examined.The results indicate that T.subcordiformis and ...Microalgae Tetraselmis subcordiformis and Nannochloropsis oculata were cultured at 15,20,25,30,and 35℃ and their properties as potential biofuel resources were examined.The results indicate that T.subcordiformis and N.oculata grew best at 20℃ and 25℃ and yielded the highest total lipids at 20℃and 30℃,respectively.With increased temperature,neutral lipid and polyunsaturated fatty acids(FAs)decreased while saturated FAs increased,accompanied by increased monounsaturated FAs(MUFAs) in T.subcordiformis and decreased MUFAs in N.oculata;meanwhile,the predicted cetane number of FA methyl esters increased from 45.3 to 47.6 in T.subcordiformis and from 52.3 to 60.3 in N.oculata.Therefore,optimizing culture temperatures is important for improving microalgal biodiesel production.展开更多
Background: Respiratory infections challenge the swine industry, despite common medicinal practices. The dual signaling nature of PGE2(supporting both inflammation and resolution) makes it a potent regulator of immune...Background: Respiratory infections challenge the swine industry, despite common medicinal practices. The dual signaling nature of PGE2(supporting both inflammation and resolution) makes it a potent regulator of immune cell function. Therefore, the use of dietary long chain n-6 PUFA to enhance PGE2 effects merits investigation.Methods: Day-old pigs(n = 60) were allotted to one of three dietary groups for 21 d(n = 20/diet), and received either a control diet(CON, arachidonate = 0.5% of total fatty acids), an arachidonate(ARA)-enriched diet(LC n-6,ARA = 2.2%), or an eicosapentaenoic(EPA)-enriched diet(LC n-3, EPA = 3.0%). Alveolar macrophages and lung parenchymal tissue were collected for fatty acid analysis. Isolated alveolar macrophages were stimulated with LPS in situ for 24 h, and m RNA was isolated to assess markers associated with inflammation and eicosanoid production.Culture media were collected to assess PGE2 secretion. Oxidative burst in macrophages was measured by: 1)oxygen consumption and extracellular acidification(via Seahorse), 2) cytoplasmic oxidation and 3) nitric oxide production following 4, 18, and 24 h of LPS stimulation.Results: Concentration of ARA(% of fatty acids, w/w) in macrophages from pigs fed LC n-6 was 86% higher than CON and 18% lower in pigs fed LC n-3(P < 0.01). Following LPS stimulation, abundance of COX-2 and TNF-α mRNA(P < 0.0001), and PGE2 secretion(P < 0. 01) were higher in LC n-6 PAM vs. CON. However, ALOX5 abundance was1.6-fold lower than CON. Macrophages from CON and LC n-6 groups were 4-fold higher in ALOX12/15 abundance(P < 0.0001) compared to LC n-3. Oxygen consumption and extracellular acidification rates increased over 4 h following LPS stimulation(P < 0.05) regardless of treatment. Similarly, increases in cytoplasmic oxidation(P < 0.001)and nitric oxide production(P < 0.002) were observed after 18 h of LPS stimulation but were unaffected by diet.Conclusions: We infer that enriching diets with arachidonic acid may be an effective means to enhance a stronger innate immu展开更多
目的:研究小檗碱(Berberine,Ber)对高脂兔模型脂代谢和血管硬化的影响,并探讨其可能的作用机制。方法:采用高脂饲料喂养2月建立高脂兔动物模型。40只新西兰大耳白兔随机分成普通饲料组(普食组)、高脂模型组、高脂+Ber组[28、112mg/(kg....目的:研究小檗碱(Berberine,Ber)对高脂兔模型脂代谢和血管硬化的影响,并探讨其可能的作用机制。方法:采用高脂饲料喂养2月建立高脂兔动物模型。40只新西兰大耳白兔随机分成普通饲料组(普食组)、高脂模型组、高脂+Ber组[28、112mg/(kg.d)]、高脂+非诺贝特组[30 mg/(kg.d)]。2月后测定各组血清总胆固醇(Total cholesterol,TC)、三酰基甘油(Triglycerides,TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(Low density lipoprotein-cholesterol,LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(High density lipoprotein-choles-terol,HDL-C)水平;HE染色观察主动脉组织形态学变化;实时荧光定量PCR检测主动脉诱导型一氧化氮合酶(Inductible nitricoxide synthase,iNOS)和B类1型清道夫受体(Scavenger receptor class-B type 1,SR-B1)基因表达的变化。结果:与普食组相比,高脂模型组TC、TG和LDL-C水平显著升高(P<0.05),主动脉内膜出现明显的脂质沉积和泡沫细胞形成,iNOS和SR-B1 mR-NA表达显著升高(P<0.05);与高脂模型组相比,高脂+Ber处理组血清TC、TG和LDL-C的水平显著降低(P<0.05),而HDL水平显著升高(P<0.05),主动脉粥内膜脂质沉积减轻,泡沫细胞明显减少,iNOS和SR-B1 mRNA表达显著降低(P<0.05)。结论:Ber具有明显的调血脂和抗血管硬化作用,其作用机制与抑制iNOS和SR-B1基因表达相关。展开更多
目的探讨A类Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型清道夫受体(scavenger receptor class A typesⅠandⅡ,SR-AⅠ/Ⅱ)基因缺失对高脂膳食小鼠脂质代谢的影响及其可能的作用机制。方法以SR-AⅠ/Ⅱ基因敲除与野生型雄性小鼠为对象,分别喂饲普通膳食和高脂膳食12w,应...目的探讨A类Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型清道夫受体(scavenger receptor class A typesⅠandⅡ,SR-AⅠ/Ⅱ)基因缺失对高脂膳食小鼠脂质代谢的影响及其可能的作用机制。方法以SR-AⅠ/Ⅱ基因敲除与野生型雄性小鼠为对象,分别喂饲普通膳食和高脂膳食12w,应用酶法或油红O染色法检测脂质代谢(包括血脂水平和肝脏脂质水平)的变化,采用RT-PCR法检测肝脏B类Ⅰ型清道夫受体(scavenger receptor class B typeⅠ,SR-BⅠ)和CD36的表达。结果SR-AⅠ/Ⅱ基因敲除鼠与野生型鼠相比,高脂膳食喂饲的第3、6、12w,其血清TG、TC、LDL、HDL均比野生型小鼠下降,肝细胞中脂滴的数量较多,体积较大,SR-BⅠmRNA表达上调,CD36mRNA的表达无差异。结论高脂膳食诱导SR-AⅠ/Ⅱ基因缺失小鼠脂质代谢的变化可能与肝脏SR-BⅠ表达升高及外周脂质向肝脏的逆向转运有关。展开更多
基金Supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(863 Program)(No.2009AA064401)the Special Fundation for Marine Renewable Energy from the State Oceanic Administration of China(No.SHME2011SW02)the Shanghai Universities First-class Disciplines Project of Fisheries(A)
文摘Microalgae Tetraselmis subcordiformis and Nannochloropsis oculata were cultured at 15,20,25,30,and 35℃ and their properties as potential biofuel resources were examined.The results indicate that T.subcordiformis and N.oculata grew best at 20℃ and 25℃ and yielded the highest total lipids at 20℃and 30℃,respectively.With increased temperature,neutral lipid and polyunsaturated fatty acids(FAs)decreased while saturated FAs increased,accompanied by increased monounsaturated FAs(MUFAs) in T.subcordiformis and decreased MUFAs in N.oculata;meanwhile,the predicted cetane number of FA methyl esters increased from 45.3 to 47.6 in T.subcordiformis and from 52.3 to 60.3 in N.oculata.Therefore,optimizing culture temperatures is important for improving microalgal biodiesel production.
基金funded in part by the North Carolina State University Agricultural Foundation,USDA-NIFA Animal Health Program
文摘Background: Respiratory infections challenge the swine industry, despite common medicinal practices. The dual signaling nature of PGE2(supporting both inflammation and resolution) makes it a potent regulator of immune cell function. Therefore, the use of dietary long chain n-6 PUFA to enhance PGE2 effects merits investigation.Methods: Day-old pigs(n = 60) were allotted to one of three dietary groups for 21 d(n = 20/diet), and received either a control diet(CON, arachidonate = 0.5% of total fatty acids), an arachidonate(ARA)-enriched diet(LC n-6,ARA = 2.2%), or an eicosapentaenoic(EPA)-enriched diet(LC n-3, EPA = 3.0%). Alveolar macrophages and lung parenchymal tissue were collected for fatty acid analysis. Isolated alveolar macrophages were stimulated with LPS in situ for 24 h, and m RNA was isolated to assess markers associated with inflammation and eicosanoid production.Culture media were collected to assess PGE2 secretion. Oxidative burst in macrophages was measured by: 1)oxygen consumption and extracellular acidification(via Seahorse), 2) cytoplasmic oxidation and 3) nitric oxide production following 4, 18, and 24 h of LPS stimulation.Results: Concentration of ARA(% of fatty acids, w/w) in macrophages from pigs fed LC n-6 was 86% higher than CON and 18% lower in pigs fed LC n-3(P < 0.01). Following LPS stimulation, abundance of COX-2 and TNF-α mRNA(P < 0.0001), and PGE2 secretion(P < 0. 01) were higher in LC n-6 PAM vs. CON. However, ALOX5 abundance was1.6-fold lower than CON. Macrophages from CON and LC n-6 groups were 4-fold higher in ALOX12/15 abundance(P < 0.0001) compared to LC n-3. Oxygen consumption and extracellular acidification rates increased over 4 h following LPS stimulation(P < 0.05) regardless of treatment. Similarly, increases in cytoplasmic oxidation(P < 0.001)and nitric oxide production(P < 0.002) were observed after 18 h of LPS stimulation but were unaffected by diet.Conclusions: We infer that enriching diets with arachidonic acid may be an effective means to enhance a stronger innate immu
文摘目的:研究小檗碱(Berberine,Ber)对高脂兔模型脂代谢和血管硬化的影响,并探讨其可能的作用机制。方法:采用高脂饲料喂养2月建立高脂兔动物模型。40只新西兰大耳白兔随机分成普通饲料组(普食组)、高脂模型组、高脂+Ber组[28、112mg/(kg.d)]、高脂+非诺贝特组[30 mg/(kg.d)]。2月后测定各组血清总胆固醇(Total cholesterol,TC)、三酰基甘油(Triglycerides,TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(Low density lipoprotein-cholesterol,LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(High density lipoprotein-choles-terol,HDL-C)水平;HE染色观察主动脉组织形态学变化;实时荧光定量PCR检测主动脉诱导型一氧化氮合酶(Inductible nitricoxide synthase,iNOS)和B类1型清道夫受体(Scavenger receptor class-B type 1,SR-B1)基因表达的变化。结果:与普食组相比,高脂模型组TC、TG和LDL-C水平显著升高(P<0.05),主动脉内膜出现明显的脂质沉积和泡沫细胞形成,iNOS和SR-B1 mR-NA表达显著升高(P<0.05);与高脂模型组相比,高脂+Ber处理组血清TC、TG和LDL-C的水平显著降低(P<0.05),而HDL水平显著升高(P<0.05),主动脉粥内膜脂质沉积减轻,泡沫细胞明显减少,iNOS和SR-B1 mRNA表达显著降低(P<0.05)。结论:Ber具有明显的调血脂和抗血管硬化作用,其作用机制与抑制iNOS和SR-B1基因表达相关。
文摘目的探讨A类Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型清道夫受体(scavenger receptor class A typesⅠandⅡ,SR-AⅠ/Ⅱ)基因缺失对高脂膳食小鼠脂质代谢的影响及其可能的作用机制。方法以SR-AⅠ/Ⅱ基因敲除与野生型雄性小鼠为对象,分别喂饲普通膳食和高脂膳食12w,应用酶法或油红O染色法检测脂质代谢(包括血脂水平和肝脏脂质水平)的变化,采用RT-PCR法检测肝脏B类Ⅰ型清道夫受体(scavenger receptor class B typeⅠ,SR-BⅠ)和CD36的表达。结果SR-AⅠ/Ⅱ基因敲除鼠与野生型鼠相比,高脂膳食喂饲的第3、6、12w,其血清TG、TC、LDL、HDL均比野生型小鼠下降,肝细胞中脂滴的数量较多,体积较大,SR-BⅠmRNA表达上调,CD36mRNA的表达无差异。结论高脂膳食诱导SR-AⅠ/Ⅱ基因缺失小鼠脂质代谢的变化可能与肝脏SR-BⅠ表达升高及外周脂质向肝脏的逆向转运有关。
