Nitrogen use efficiency （NUE） was very low in China and a loss of as much as 7070 of the applied nitrogen fertilizers was reported in high-yielding rice fields. In order to investigate the molecular basis of high-af...Nitrogen use efficiency （NUE） was very low in China and a loss of as much as 7070 of the applied nitrogen fertilizers was reported in high-yielding rice fields. In order to investigate the molecular basis of high-affinity ammonium transport or uptake into rice （Oryza sativa L.）, we analyzed the expression profiles of nine ammonium transporters （AMT）, three each of OsAMT1, OsAMT2 and OsAMT3, at two different N requirement stages （young seedling stage and tillering stage） of rice growth as well as the changes in these expression patterns according to external N status using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR）. The results suggested that the nine OsAMT genes were expressed in different organs of rice plants, including mature roots, new roots, stems, old leaves and new leaves and that the expression patterns were organ specific and independent of the positions of the corresponding proteins in the phylogenetic tree. OsAMT1;1, 3;2 and 3;3 were expressed in the roots and shoots, primarily old leaves, OsAMT1;2 and 1;3 mainly in the roots, and OsAMT2;1, 2;2, 2;3 and 3;1 mainly in the shoots, primarily in new leaves, and relatively more in the stems than other genes. The expression patterns at the two different N requirement stages were the same; however, at the tillering stage with greater N requirements, the OsAMTs transcript levels were greater than those at the young seedling stage with low N requirements. N starvation for 48 h up-regulated OsAMT1;1, 1;2, 3;1, 3;2, 3;3 and down-regulated OsAMT1;3 mRNA abundance. Following N starvation, NH4＋ and NH4NO3 re-supply down-regulated OsAMT1;2 and 3;3 and up-regulated OsAMT1;3, whereas NO3 re-supply down-regulated OsAMT1;1 and 1;2. These suggested that the organ-specific expression pattern of OsAMT could be regulated by N requirement and external N status.展开更多
A total of 36 four-mon-old hybrid lambs （Dorset×Thin-tailed Han sheep） with similar body weight （BW） were randomly allocated to three dietary treatments with different energy （7.21, 10.33 and 13.49 MJ d-1 ME...A total of 36 four-mon-old hybrid lambs （Dorset×Thin-tailed Han sheep） with similar body weight （BW） were randomly allocated to three dietary treatments with different energy （7.21, 10.33 and 13.49 MJ d-1 ME） but similar protein levels. The animals were slaughtered and subcutaneous fat, longissimus dorsi muscle, femoral biceps muscle and cardiac muscle tissue samples were taken after being treated for 40 d. The samples were then subjected to quantitative PCR to determine mRNA expression of hormone-sensitive lipase （HSL） in different tissues in the laboratory. The findings showed that the abundance of HSL mRNA decreased with the elevation of dietary energy. In the subcutaneous fatty tissue, the HSL mRNA levels showed significant differences among the three groups （P〈0.01）; in the longissimus dorsi and femoral biceps muscles, the HSL mRNA level in the low energy group was significantly higher than that in the moderate and high energy groups （P〈0.01）. In the cardiac muscle, the HSL mRNA level in the moderate energy group was significantly different from the low and high energy groups （P〈0.05）. The number of HSL copies （Qty） in different tissues of sheep was different, it was greater in the subcutaneous fat than in longissimus dorsi muscle, femoral biceps muscle and heart.展开更多
BACKGROUND: Augmenter of liver regeneration (ALR) is an important polypeptide in the process of liver regeneration. This study aimed to determine the expression level of ALR in different liver diseases and its signifi...BACKGROUND: Augmenter of liver regeneration (ALR) is an important polypeptide in the process of liver regeneration. This study aimed to determine the expression level of ALR in different liver diseases and its significance. METHODS: We prepared murine polyclonal antibody against ALR protein from Balb/C mice and purified the IgG fraction, which specifically combined to ALR protein as shown by Western blotting. Serum ALR levels in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), hepatic failure (HF), chronic hepatitis B, and healthy persons were compared by ELISA. ALR mRNA expression levels in liver tissues in some of these patients were also compared by real-time RT-PCR. Immunohistochemical analysis was carried out on HF and HCC liver tissues. RESULTS: Different serum ALR levels foreshowed completely different prognoses in 18 HF patients. Higher ALR levels were noted in 6 improved patients (1613.5+/-369.6 pmol/ml) than in 12 deteriorating patients (462.3+/-235.8 pmol/m1). Similar levels were found in 20 HCC patients (917.9+/-332. 7 pmol/m1), 24 chronic hepatitis B patients (969.2+/-332.5 pmol/ml) and 10 healthy persons (806.9+/-240.8 pmol/ml). ALR mRNA levels in HCC liver tissues [10E6.24 (1.74x10(6)) copies/mu l] were much higher than in those of HF patients receiving orthotopic liver transplantation [10E3.45 (2.82x10(3)) copies/mu l] or in healthy liver tissues [10E4.31 (2.04x10(4)) copies/mu l]. In immunohistochemical analysis, positive immunostaining in HCC liver tissue was more intense than that in HF liver tissue. CONCLUSION: Serum ALR level is helpful in estimating the survival time of patients with HF, and ALR may play an important role in hepatocarcinogenesis.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30800702)the National Basic Research Program of China (No. 2007CB109303)the National Key Technology R&D Program of China (No. 2012BAD15B03)
文摘Nitrogen use efficiency （NUE） was very low in China and a loss of as much as 7070 of the applied nitrogen fertilizers was reported in high-yielding rice fields. In order to investigate the molecular basis of high-affinity ammonium transport or uptake into rice （Oryza sativa L.）, we analyzed the expression profiles of nine ammonium transporters （AMT）, three each of OsAMT1, OsAMT2 and OsAMT3, at two different N requirement stages （young seedling stage and tillering stage） of rice growth as well as the changes in these expression patterns according to external N status using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR）. The results suggested that the nine OsAMT genes were expressed in different organs of rice plants, including mature roots, new roots, stems, old leaves and new leaves and that the expression patterns were organ specific and independent of the positions of the corresponding proteins in the phylogenetic tree. OsAMT1;1, 3;2 and 3;3 were expressed in the roots and shoots, primarily old leaves, OsAMT1;2 and 1;3 mainly in the roots, and OsAMT2;1, 2;2, 2;3 and 3;1 mainly in the shoots, primarily in new leaves, and relatively more in the stems than other genes. The expression patterns at the two different N requirement stages were the same; however, at the tillering stage with greater N requirements, the OsAMTs transcript levels were greater than those at the young seedling stage with low N requirements. N starvation for 48 h up-regulated OsAMT1;1, 1;2, 3;1, 3;2, 3;3 and down-regulated OsAMT1;3 mRNA abundance. Following N starvation, NH4＋ and NH4NO3 re-supply down-regulated OsAMT1;2 and 3;3 and up-regulated OsAMT1;3, whereas NO3 re-supply down-regulated OsAMT1;1 and 1;2. These suggested that the organ-specific expression pattern of OsAMT could be regulated by N requirement and external N status.
基金China Agriculture Research System-Mutton Sheep (CARS-39)
文摘A total of 36 four-mon-old hybrid lambs （Dorset×Thin-tailed Han sheep） with similar body weight （BW） were randomly allocated to three dietary treatments with different energy （7.21, 10.33 and 13.49 MJ d-1 ME） but similar protein levels. The animals were slaughtered and subcutaneous fat, longissimus dorsi muscle, femoral biceps muscle and cardiac muscle tissue samples were taken after being treated for 40 d. The samples were then subjected to quantitative PCR to determine mRNA expression of hormone-sensitive lipase （HSL） in different tissues in the laboratory. The findings showed that the abundance of HSL mRNA decreased with the elevation of dietary energy. In the subcutaneous fatty tissue, the HSL mRNA levels showed significant differences among the three groups （P〈0.01）; in the longissimus dorsi and femoral biceps muscles, the HSL mRNA level in the low energy group was significantly higher than that in the moderate and high energy groups （P〈0.01）. In the cardiac muscle, the HSL mRNA level in the moderate energy group was significantly different from the low and high energy groups （P〈0.05）. The number of HSL copies （Qty） in different tissues of sheep was different, it was greater in the subcutaneous fat than in longissimus dorsi muscle, femoral biceps muscle and heart.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30972592 and 30970747)Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation (Y2090010)
文摘BACKGROUND: Augmenter of liver regeneration (ALR) is an important polypeptide in the process of liver regeneration. This study aimed to determine the expression level of ALR in different liver diseases and its significance. METHODS: We prepared murine polyclonal antibody against ALR protein from Balb/C mice and purified the IgG fraction, which specifically combined to ALR protein as shown by Western blotting. Serum ALR levels in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), hepatic failure (HF), chronic hepatitis B, and healthy persons were compared by ELISA. ALR mRNA expression levels in liver tissues in some of these patients were also compared by real-time RT-PCR. Immunohistochemical analysis was carried out on HF and HCC liver tissues. RESULTS: Different serum ALR levels foreshowed completely different prognoses in 18 HF patients. Higher ALR levels were noted in 6 improved patients (1613.5+/-369.6 pmol/ml) than in 12 deteriorating patients (462.3+/-235.8 pmol/m1). Similar levels were found in 20 HCC patients (917.9+/-332. 7 pmol/m1), 24 chronic hepatitis B patients (969.2+/-332.5 pmol/ml) and 10 healthy persons (806.9+/-240.8 pmol/ml). ALR mRNA levels in HCC liver tissues [10E6.24 (1.74x10(6)) copies/mu l] were much higher than in those of HF patients receiving orthotopic liver transplantation [10E3.45 (2.82x10(3)) copies/mu l] or in healthy liver tissues [10E4.31 (2.04x10(4)) copies/mu l]. In immunohistochemical analysis, positive immunostaining in HCC liver tissue was more intense than that in HF liver tissue. CONCLUSION: Serum ALR level is helpful in estimating the survival time of patients with HF, and ALR may play an important role in hepatocarcinogenesis.
