Rechargeable lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)afford a profound impact on our modern daily life.However,LIBs are approaching the theoretical energy density,due to the inherent limitations of intercalation chemistry;thus,the...Rechargeable lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)afford a profound impact on our modern daily life.However,LIBs are approaching the theoretical energy density,due to the inherent limitations of intercalation chemistry;thus,they cannot further satisfy the increasing demands of portable electronics,electric vehicles,and grids.Therefore,battery chemistries beyond LIBs are being widely investigated.Next-generation lithium(Li)batteries,which employ Li metal as the anode and intercalation or conversion materials as the cathode,receive the most intensive interest due to their high energy density and excellent potential for commercialization.Moreover,significant progress has been achieved in Li batteries attributed to the increasing fundamental understanding of the materials and reactions,as well as to technological improvement.This review starts by summarizing the electrolytes for next-generation Li batteries.Key challenges and recent progress in lithium-ion,lithium–sulfur,and lithium–oxygen batteries are then reviewed from the perspective of energy and chemical engineering science.Finally,possible directions for further development in Li batteries are presented.Next-generation Li batteries are expected to promote the sustainable development of human civilization.展开更多
State of charge(SOC) is a key parameter of lithium-ion battery. In this paper, a finite difference extended Kalman filter(FDEKF)with Hybrid Pulse Power Characterization(HPPC) parameters identification is proposed to e...State of charge(SOC) is a key parameter of lithium-ion battery. In this paper, a finite difference extended Kalman filter(FDEKF)with Hybrid Pulse Power Characterization(HPPC) parameters identification is proposed to estimate the SOC. The finite difference(FD) algorithm is benefit to compute the partial derivative of nonlinear function, which can reduce the linearization error generated by the extended Kalman filter(EKF). The FDEKF algorithm can reduce the computational load of controller in engineering practice without solving the Jacobian matrix. It is simple of dynamic model of lithium-ion battery to adopt a secondorder resistor-capacitor(2 RC) network, the parameters of which are identified by the HPPC. Two conditions, both constant current discharge(CCD) and urban dynamometer driving schedule(UDDS), are utilized to validate the FDEKF algorithm.Comparing convergence rate and accuracy between the FDEKF and the EKF algorithm, it can be seen that the former is a better candidate to estimate the SOC.展开更多
A new analytical potential energy function for diatomic molecular ion XY+ is proposed based on the energy consistent method (ECM). The Coulomb potential included in the new ionic potential contains multipole correctio...A new analytical potential energy function for diatomic molecular ion XY+ is proposed based on the energy consistent method (ECM). The Coulomb potential included in the new ionic potential contains multipole corrections, converges quickly and is variationally, changeable. The new potential and the ECM are applied to variationally studying the potential energies of eight electronic states of several diatomic molecular ions: the A2π state of CO+, the X2∑ g + state of Li 2 + , the X2∑ g + state of He 2 + , the 12∏u state of Na 2 + , the A2∏u state of N 2 + , the X1∑+ state of KrH+, the X2∑+ state of SiO+ and the A2π state of SO+ ion. The present results agree excellently with the experiment-based Rydberg-Klein-Rees (RKR) potentials, and are superior to the commonly used Huxley-Murrell-Sorbie (HMS) analytical potentials, and are better in some cases than some quantum mechanicalab initio potentials in the ionic asymptotic and dissociation regions.展开更多
The estimation of state of health(SOH)of a lithium-ion battery(LIB)is of great significance to system safety and economic development.This paper proposes a SOH estimation method based on the SSA-Elman model for the fi...The estimation of state of health(SOH)of a lithium-ion battery(LIB)is of great significance to system safety and economic development.This paper proposes a SOH estimation method based on the SSA-Elman model for the first time.To improve the correlation rates between features and battery capacity,a method combining median absolute deviation filtering and Savitzky-Golay filtering is proposed to process the data.Based on the aging characteristics of the LIB,five features with correlation rates above 0.99 after data processing are then proposed.Addressing the defects of the Elman model,the sparrow search algorithm(SSA)is used to optimize the network parameters.In addition,a data incremental update mechanism is added to improve the generalization of the SSA-Elman model.Finally,the performance of the proposed model is verified based on NASA dataset,and the outputs of the Elman,LSTM and SSA-Elman models are compared.The results show that the proposed method can accurately estimate the SOH,with the root mean square error(RMSE)being as low as 0.0024 and the mean absolute percentage error(MAPE)being as low as 0.25%.In addition,RMSE does not exceed 0.0224 and MAPE does not exceed 2.21%in high temperature and low temperature verifications.展开更多
The current research of state of charge(SoC) online estimation of lithium-ion battery(LiB) in electric vehicles(EVs)mainly focuses on adopting or improving of battery models and estimation filters. However, little att...The current research of state of charge(SoC) online estimation of lithium-ion battery(LiB) in electric vehicles(EVs)mainly focuses on adopting or improving of battery models and estimation filters. However, little attention has been paid to the accuracy of various open circuit voltage(OCV) models for correcting the SoC with aid of the ampere-hour counting method. This paper presents a comprehensive comparison study on eighteen OCV models which cover the majority of models used in literature. The low-current OCV tests are conducted on the typical commercial LiFePO/graphite(LFP) and LiNiMnCoO/graphite(NMC) cells to obtain the experimental OCV-SoC curves at different ambient temperature and aging stages. With selected OCV and SoC points from experimental OCV-SoC curves, the parameters of each OCV model are determined by curve fitting toolbox of MATLAB 2013. Then the fitting OCV-SoC curves based on diversified OCV models are also obtained. The indicator of root-mean-square error(RMSE) between the experimental data and fitted data is selected to evaluate the adaptabilities of these OCV models for their main features, advantages,and limitations. The sensitivities of OCV models to ambient temperatures, aging stages, numbers of data points,and SoC regions are studied for both NMC and LFP cells. Furthermore, the influences of these models on SoC estimation are discussed. Through a comprehensive comparison and analysis on OCV models, some recommendations in selecting OCV models for both NMC and LFP cells are given.展开更多
Although seemingly disparate,high-energy nuclear physics(HENP)and machine learning(ML)have begun to merge in the last few years,yielding interesting results.It is worthy to raise the profile of utilizing this novel mi...Although seemingly disparate,high-energy nuclear physics(HENP)and machine learning(ML)have begun to merge in the last few years,yielding interesting results.It is worthy to raise the profile of utilizing this novel mindset from ML in HENP,to help interested readers see the breadth of activities around this intersection.The aim of this mini-review is to inform the community of the current status and present an overview of the application of ML to HENP.From different aspects and using examples,we examine how scientific questions involving HENP can be answered using ML.展开更多
The energy crisis and environmental pollution drive more attention to the development and utilization of renewable energy.Considering the capricious nature of renewable energy resource,it has difficulty supplying elec...The energy crisis and environmental pollution drive more attention to the development and utilization of renewable energy.Considering the capricious nature of renewable energy resource,it has difficulty supplying electricity directly to consumers stably and efficiently,which calls for energy storage systems to collect energy and release electricity at peak periods.Due to their flexible power and energy,quick response,and high energy conversion efficiency,lithium-ion batteries stand out among multiple energy storage technologies and are rapidly deployed in the grid.Pursuing superior performance and ensuring the safety of energy storage systems,intrinsically safe solid-state electrolytes are expected as an ideal alternative to liquid electrolytes.In this review,we systematically evaluate the priorities and issues of traditional lithium-ion batteries in grid energy storage.Beyond lithium-ion batteries containing liquid electrolytes,solid-state lithium-ion batteries have the potential to play a more significant role in grid energy storage.The challenges of developing solid-state lithium-ion batteries,such as low ionic conductivity of the electrolyte,unstable electrode/electrolyte interface,and complicated fabrication process,are discussed in detail.Additionally,the safety of solid-state lithium-ion batteries is re-examined.Following the obtained insights,inspiring prospects for solid-state lithium-ion batteries in grid energy storage are depicted.展开更多
Lithium-ion batteries(LIBs), as the first choice for green batteries, have been widely used in energy storage, electric vehicles, 3C devices, and other related fields, and will have greater application prospects in th...Lithium-ion batteries(LIBs), as the first choice for green batteries, have been widely used in energy storage, electric vehicles, 3C devices, and other related fields, and will have greater application prospects in the future. However, one of the obstacles hindering the future development of battery technology is how to accurately evaluate and monitor battery health, which affects the entire lifespan of battery use. It is not enough to assess battery health comprehensively through the state of health(SoH) alone, especially when nonlinear aging occurs in onboard applications. Here, for the first time, we propose a brand-new health evaluation indicator—state of nonlinear aging(SoNA) to explain the nonlinear aging phenomenon that occurs during the battery use, and also design a knee-point identification method and two SoNA quantitative methods. We apply our health evaluation indicator to build a complete LIB full-lifespan grading evaluation system and a ground-to-cloud service framework, which integrates multi-scenario data collection, multi-dimensional data-based grading evaluation, and cloud management functions. Our works fill the gap in the LIBs’ health evaluation of nonlinear aging, which is of great significance for the health and safety evaluation of LIBs in the field of echelon utilization such as vehicles and energy storage. In addition, this comprehensive evaluation system and service framework are expected to be extended to other battery material systems other than LIBs, yet guiding the design of new energy ecosystem.展开更多
Lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)are crucial for the large-scale utilization of clean energy.However,because of the com-plexity and real-time nature of internal reactions,the mechanism of capacity decline in LIBs is still u...Lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)are crucial for the large-scale utilization of clean energy.However,because of the com-plexity and real-time nature of internal reactions,the mechanism of capacity decline in LIBs is still unclear.This has become a bottleneck restricting their promotion and application.Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS)contains rich electrochemical connotations and significant application prospects,and has attracted widespread atten-tion and research on efficient energy storage systems.Compared to traditional voltage and current data,the state-of-health(SOH)estimation model based on EIS has higher accuracy.This paper categorizes EIS measurement methods based on different principles,introduces the relationship between LIBs aging mechanism and SOH,and compares the advantages of different SOH estimation methods.After a detailed analysis of the latest technologies,a review is given.The insights of this review can deepen the understanding of the relationship between EIS and the aging effect mechanism of LIBs,and promote the development of new energy storage devices and evaluation methods.展开更多
Separators are indispensable components of modern electrochemical energy storage devices such as lithium-ion batteries(LIBs).They perform the critical function of physically separating the electrodes to prevent short-...Separators are indispensable components of modern electrochemical energy storage devices such as lithium-ion batteries(LIBs).They perform the critical function of physically separating the electrodes to prevent short-circuits while permitting the ions to pass through.While conventional separators using polypropylene(PP) and polyethylene(PE) are prone to shrinkage and melting at relatively high temperatures(150℃ or above) causing short circuits and thermal runaway,separators made of thermally stable polyimides(PIs) are electrochemically stable and resistant to high temperatures,and possess good mechanical strength-making them a promising solution to the safety concerns of LIBs.In this review,the research progress on PI separators for use in LIBs is summarized with a special focus on molecular design and microstructural control.In view of the significant progress in advanced chemistries beyond LIBs,recent advances in PI-based membranes for applications in lithium-sulfur,lithium-metal,and solid-state batteries are also reviewed.Finally,practical issues are also discussed along with their prospects.展开更多
In this review article,we first briefty introduce the transport theory and quantum molecular dynamics model applied in the study of the heavy ion collisions from low to intermediate energies.The developments of improv...In this review article,we first briefty introduce the transport theory and quantum molecular dynamics model applied in the study of the heavy ion collisions from low to intermediate energies.The developments of improved quantum molecular dynamics model(ImQMD)and ultra-relativistic quantum molecular dynamics model(UrQMD),are reviewed.The reaction mechanism and phenomena related to the fusion,multinucleon transrer,fragmentation,collective flow and particle production are reviewed and discussed within the framework of the two models.The constraints on the isospin asymmetric muclear equation of state and in-medium nucleon nucleon cross sections by comparing the heavy ion collision data with transport models calculations in last decades are also discussed,and the uncertainties of these constraints are analyzed as well.Finally,we discuss the future direction of the development of the transport models for improving the understanding of the reaction mechanism,the descriptions of various observables,the constraint on the nuclear equation of state,as well as for the constraint on in-medium nucleon-nucleon cross sections.展开更多
Lithium-ion batteries(LiB)are widely used in electric vehicles(EVs)and battery energy storage systems,and accurate state estimation relying on the relationship between battery Open-Circuit-Voltage(OCV)and State-of-Cha...Lithium-ion batteries(LiB)are widely used in electric vehicles(EVs)and battery energy storage systems,and accurate state estimation relying on the relationship between battery Open-Circuit-Voltage(OCV)and State-of-Charge(SOC)is the basis for their safe and efficient applications.To avoid the time-consuming lab test needed for obtaining OCV-SOC curves,this study proposes a data-driven universal method by using operation data collected onboard about the variation of OCV with ampere-hour(Ah).To guarantee high reliability,a series of constraints have been implemented.To verify the effectiveness of this method,the constructed OCV-SOC curves are used to estimate battery SOC and State-of-Health(SOH),which are compared with data from both lab tests and EV manufacturers.Results show that a higher accuracy can be achieved in the estimation of both SOC and SOH,for which the maximum deviations are less than 3.0%and 2.9%respectively.展开更多
Precise states estimation for the lithium-ion battery is one of the fundamental tasks in the battery management system(BMS),where building an accurate battery model is the first step in model-based estimation algorith...Precise states estimation for the lithium-ion battery is one of the fundamental tasks in the battery management system(BMS),where building an accurate battery model is the first step in model-based estimation algorithms.To date,although the comparative studies on different battery models have been performed intensively,little attention is paid to the comparison among different online parameters identification methods regarding model accuracy,robustness ability,adaptability to the different battery operating conditions and computation cost.In this paper,based on the Thevenin model,the three most widely used online parameters identification methods,including extended Kalman filter(EKF),particle swarm optimization(PSO),and recursive least square(RLS),are evaluated comprehensively under static and dynamic tests.It is worth noting that,although the built model’s terminal voltage may well follow a measured curve,these identified model parameters may significantly out of reasonable range,which means that the error between measured and predicted terminal voltage cannot be seen as a gist to determine which model is the most accurate.To evaluate model accuracy more rigorously,battery state-of-charge(SOC)is further estimated based on identified model parameters under static and dynamic tests.The SOC prediction results show that EKF and RLS algorithms are more suitable to be used for online model parameters identification under static and dynamic tests,respectively.Moreover,the random offset is added into originally measured data to verify the robustness ability of different methods,whose results indicate EKF and RLS have more satisfactory ability against imprecisely sampled data under static and dynamic tests,respectively.Considering model accuracy,robustness ability,adaptability to the different battery operating conditions and computation cost simultaneously,EKF is recommended to be adopted to establish battery model in real application among these three most widely used methods.展开更多
Hanbury-Brown-Twiss(HBT) correlations for charged pions in central Au+Au collisions at √SNN=2.4-7.7 GeV(corresponding to beam kinetic energies in the fixed target frame from Elab=1.23 to 30 GeV/nucleon) are calculate...Hanbury-Brown-Twiss(HBT) correlations for charged pions in central Au+Au collisions at √SNN=2.4-7.7 GeV(corresponding to beam kinetic energies in the fixed target frame from Elab=1.23 to 30 GeV/nucleon) are calculated using the ultra-relativistic quantum molecular dynamics model with different equations of state(EoSs).The effects of a phase transition at high baryon densities are clearly observed in the explored HBT parameters.The results show that the available data on the HBT radii,RO/RSand R^(2)_(O)-R^(2)_(S),in the investigated energy region favor a relatively stiff EoS at low beam energies,which then turns into a soft EoS at high collision energies consistent with astrophysical constraints on the high-density EoS of quantum chromodynamics(QCD).The specific effects of two different phase transition scenarios on RO/RSand R^(2)_(O)-R^(2)_(S)are investigated.A phase transition with a significant softening of the EoS below four times the nuclear saturation density can be excluded using HBT data.Our results highlight that the pion’s RO/RSand R^(2)_(O)-R^(2)_(S)are sensitive to the stiffness of the EoS and can be used to constrain and understand the QCD EoS in a high baryon density region.展开更多
基金the National Key Research and Development Program(2016YFA0202500 and 2016YFA0200102)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21676160,21776019,and 21825501)the Tsinghua University Initiative Scientific Research Program.
文摘Rechargeable lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)afford a profound impact on our modern daily life.However,LIBs are approaching the theoretical energy density,due to the inherent limitations of intercalation chemistry;thus,they cannot further satisfy the increasing demands of portable electronics,electric vehicles,and grids.Therefore,battery chemistries beyond LIBs are being widely investigated.Next-generation lithium(Li)batteries,which employ Li metal as the anode and intercalation or conversion materials as the cathode,receive the most intensive interest due to their high energy density and excellent potential for commercialization.Moreover,significant progress has been achieved in Li batteries attributed to the increasing fundamental understanding of the materials and reactions,as well as to technological improvement.This review starts by summarizing the electrolytes for next-generation Li batteries.Key challenges and recent progress in lithium-ion,lithium–sulfur,and lithium–oxygen batteries are then reviewed from the perspective of energy and chemical engineering science.Finally,possible directions for further development in Li batteries are presented.Next-generation Li batteries are expected to promote the sustainable development of human civilization.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2017YFB0103100)the Science and Technology Special Project of Anhui Province(Grant No.18030901063)
文摘State of charge(SOC) is a key parameter of lithium-ion battery. In this paper, a finite difference extended Kalman filter(FDEKF)with Hybrid Pulse Power Characterization(HPPC) parameters identification is proposed to estimate the SOC. The finite difference(FD) algorithm is benefit to compute the partial derivative of nonlinear function, which can reduce the linearization error generated by the extended Kalman filter(EKF). The FDEKF algorithm can reduce the computational load of controller in engineering practice without solving the Jacobian matrix. It is simple of dynamic model of lithium-ion battery to adopt a secondorder resistor-capacitor(2 RC) network, the parameters of which are identified by the HPPC. Two conditions, both constant current discharge(CCD) and urban dynamometer driving schedule(UDDS), are utilized to validate the FDEKF algorithm.Comparing convergence rate and accuracy between the FDEKF and the EKF algorithm, it can be seen that the former is a better candidate to estimate the SOC.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.10074048)the Science Foundation of the Ministry of Education of China.
文摘A new analytical potential energy function for diatomic molecular ion XY+ is proposed based on the energy consistent method (ECM). The Coulomb potential included in the new ionic potential contains multipole corrections, converges quickly and is variationally, changeable. The new potential and the ECM are applied to variationally studying the potential energies of eight electronic states of several diatomic molecular ions: the A2π state of CO+, the X2∑ g + state of Li 2 + , the X2∑ g + state of He 2 + , the 12∏u state of Na 2 + , the A2∏u state of N 2 + , the X1∑+ state of KrH+, the X2∑+ state of SiO+ and the A2π state of SO+ ion. The present results agree excellently with the experiment-based Rydberg-Klein-Rees (RKR) potentials, and are superior to the commonly used Huxley-Murrell-Sorbie (HMS) analytical potentials, and are better in some cases than some quantum mechanicalab initio potentials in the ionic asymptotic and dissociation regions.
基金supported by the Youth Fund of Shandong Province Natural Science Foundation (No.ZR2020QE212)Key Projects of Shandong Province Natural Science Foundation (No.ZR2020KF020)+2 种基金the Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Product Technology (GC202111)Zhejiang Province Natural Science Foundation (No.LY22E070007)National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.52007170).
文摘The estimation of state of health(SOH)of a lithium-ion battery(LIB)is of great significance to system safety and economic development.This paper proposes a SOH estimation method based on the SSA-Elman model for the first time.To improve the correlation rates between features and battery capacity,a method combining median absolute deviation filtering and Savitzky-Golay filtering is proposed to process the data.Based on the aging characteristics of the LIB,five features with correlation rates above 0.99 after data processing are then proposed.Addressing the defects of the Elman model,the sparrow search algorithm(SSA)is used to optimize the network parameters.In addition,a data incremental update mechanism is added to improve the generalization of the SSA-Elman model.Finally,the performance of the proposed model is verified based on NASA dataset,and the outputs of the Elman,LSTM and SSA-Elman models are compared.The results show that the proposed method can accurately estimate the SOH,with the root mean square error(RMSE)being as low as 0.0024 and the mean absolute percentage error(MAPE)being as low as 0.25%.In addition,RMSE does not exceed 0.0224 and MAPE does not exceed 2.21%in high temperature and low temperature verifications.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51507012)Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.3182035)
文摘The current research of state of charge(SoC) online estimation of lithium-ion battery(LiB) in electric vehicles(EVs)mainly focuses on adopting or improving of battery models and estimation filters. However, little attention has been paid to the accuracy of various open circuit voltage(OCV) models for correcting the SoC with aid of the ampere-hour counting method. This paper presents a comprehensive comparison study on eighteen OCV models which cover the majority of models used in literature. The low-current OCV tests are conducted on the typical commercial LiFePO/graphite(LFP) and LiNiMnCoO/graphite(NMC) cells to obtain the experimental OCV-SoC curves at different ambient temperature and aging stages. With selected OCV and SoC points from experimental OCV-SoC curves, the parameters of each OCV model are determined by curve fitting toolbox of MATLAB 2013. Then the fitting OCV-SoC curves based on diversified OCV models are also obtained. The indicator of root-mean-square error(RMSE) between the experimental data and fitted data is selected to evaluate the adaptabilities of these OCV models for their main features, advantages,and limitations. The sensitivities of OCV models to ambient temperatures, aging stages, numbers of data points,and SoC regions are studied for both NMC and LFP cells. Furthermore, the influences of these models on SoC estimation are discussed. Through a comprehensive comparison and analysis on OCV models, some recommendations in selecting OCV models for both NMC and LFP cells are given.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract Nos.11890714,12147101(Ma),12075098(Pang),12247107,12075007(Song)the Germany BMBF under the ErUM-Data project(Zhou)the Guangdong Major Project of Basic and Applied Basic Research No.2020B0301030008(Ma).
文摘Although seemingly disparate,high-energy nuclear physics(HENP)and machine learning(ML)have begun to merge in the last few years,yielding interesting results.It is worthy to raise the profile of utilizing this novel mindset from ML in HENP,to help interested readers see the breadth of activities around this intersection.The aim of this mini-review is to inform the community of the current status and present an overview of the application of ML to HENP.From different aspects and using examples,we examine how scientific questions involving HENP can be answered using ML.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFB2400200)the CAS Project for Young Scientists in Basic Research(YSBR-058)+4 种基金the“Transformational Technologies for Clean Energy and Demonstration”,Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA21070300)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22279148,21905286 and 22005314)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2019M660805)the Special Financial Grant from the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2020T130658)Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences(2019BMS20022)。
文摘The energy crisis and environmental pollution drive more attention to the development and utilization of renewable energy.Considering the capricious nature of renewable energy resource,it has difficulty supplying electricity directly to consumers stably and efficiently,which calls for energy storage systems to collect energy and release electricity at peak periods.Due to their flexible power and energy,quick response,and high energy conversion efficiency,lithium-ion batteries stand out among multiple energy storage technologies and are rapidly deployed in the grid.Pursuing superior performance and ensuring the safety of energy storage systems,intrinsically safe solid-state electrolytes are expected as an ideal alternative to liquid electrolytes.In this review,we systematically evaluate the priorities and issues of traditional lithium-ion batteries in grid energy storage.Beyond lithium-ion batteries containing liquid electrolytes,solid-state lithium-ion batteries have the potential to play a more significant role in grid energy storage.The challenges of developing solid-state lithium-ion batteries,such as low ionic conductivity of the electrolyte,unstable electrode/electrolyte interface,and complicated fabrication process,are discussed in detail.Additionally,the safety of solid-state lithium-ion batteries is re-examined.Following the obtained insights,inspiring prospects for solid-state lithium-ion batteries in grid energy storage are depicted.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC,U20A20310,52107230,52176199,52102470)the support of the research project Model2Life(03XP0334),funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research(BMBF)。
文摘Lithium-ion batteries(LIBs), as the first choice for green batteries, have been widely used in energy storage, electric vehicles, 3C devices, and other related fields, and will have greater application prospects in the future. However, one of the obstacles hindering the future development of battery technology is how to accurately evaluate and monitor battery health, which affects the entire lifespan of battery use. It is not enough to assess battery health comprehensively through the state of health(SoH) alone, especially when nonlinear aging occurs in onboard applications. Here, for the first time, we propose a brand-new health evaluation indicator—state of nonlinear aging(SoNA) to explain the nonlinear aging phenomenon that occurs during the battery use, and also design a knee-point identification method and two SoNA quantitative methods. We apply our health evaluation indicator to build a complete LIB full-lifespan grading evaluation system and a ground-to-cloud service framework, which integrates multi-scenario data collection, multi-dimensional data-based grading evaluation, and cloud management functions. Our works fill the gap in the LIBs’ health evaluation of nonlinear aging, which is of great significance for the health and safety evaluation of LIBs in the field of echelon utilization such as vehicles and energy storage. In addition, this comprehensive evaluation system and service framework are expected to be extended to other battery material systems other than LIBs, yet guiding the design of new energy ecosystem.
基金supported by the Youth Fund of Shandong Province Natural Science Foundation(No.ZR2020QE212)Key Projects of Shandong Province Natural Science Foundation(No.ZR2020KF020)+2 种基金the Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Product Technology(GC202111)Zhejiang Province Natural Science Foundation(No.LY22E070007)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52007170).
文摘Lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)are crucial for the large-scale utilization of clean energy.However,because of the com-plexity and real-time nature of internal reactions,the mechanism of capacity decline in LIBs is still unclear.This has become a bottleneck restricting their promotion and application.Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS)contains rich electrochemical connotations and significant application prospects,and has attracted widespread atten-tion and research on efficient energy storage systems.Compared to traditional voltage and current data,the state-of-health(SOH)estimation model based on EIS has higher accuracy.This paper categorizes EIS measurement methods based on different principles,introduces the relationship between LIBs aging mechanism and SOH,and compares the advantages of different SOH estimation methods.After a detailed analysis of the latest technologies,a review is given.The insights of this review can deepen the understanding of the relationship between EIS and the aging effect mechanism of LIBs,and promote the development of new energy storage devices and evaluation methods.
基金supported by the Basic Research Program of Shenzhen(No.JCYJ20190812161409163)the Basic and Applied Basic Research Program of Guangdong Province(No.2019A1515110531)the SIAT Innovation Program for Excellent Young Researchers。
文摘Separators are indispensable components of modern electrochemical energy storage devices such as lithium-ion batteries(LIBs).They perform the critical function of physically separating the electrodes to prevent short-circuits while permitting the ions to pass through.While conventional separators using polypropylene(PP) and polyethylene(PE) are prone to shrinkage and melting at relatively high temperatures(150℃ or above) causing short circuits and thermal runaway,separators made of thermally stable polyimides(PIs) are electrochemically stable and resistant to high temperatures,and possess good mechanical strength-making them a promising solution to the safety concerns of LIBs.In this review,the research progress on PI separators for use in LIBs is summarized with a special focus on molecular design and microstructural control.In view of the significant progress in advanced chemistries beyond LIBs,recent advances in PI-based membranes for applications in lithium-sulfur,lithium-metal,and solid-state batteries are also reviewed.Finally,practical issues are also discussed along with their prospects.
基金Yingxun Zhang acknowledges the supports in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11875323,11875125,11475262,10675172,11075215,11475262,11790323,11790324,11790325,and 11961141003)the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2018YFA0404404)+15 种基金the Continuous Basic Scientific Research Project(No.WDJC-2019-13)Ning Wang acknowledges the supports in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U1867212 and 11422548)the Guangxi Natural Science Foundation(Nos.2015G XNSFDA139004,2017G XNSFG A198001)Qingfeng Li acknowledges the supports in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11875125,11847315,11375062,11505057,11947410,and 11747312)the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.LY18A050002)the“Ten-Thousand Talent Program”of Zhejiang ProvinceJunlong Tian acknowledges the supports in part by the National Science Foundation of China(Nos.11961131010 and 11475004)Li Ou acknowledges the supports in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.11965004)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi Province(No.2016GXNSFFA380001)Foundation of Guangxi Innovative Team and Distinguished Scholar in Institutions of Higher EducationMin Liu acknowledges the supports in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.11875323)Kai Zhao acknowledges the supports in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11675266,11005155,11475262,11275052,11375062,11547312,and 11275068)the National Key Basic Research Developm ent Program of China(Nos.2007CB209900 and 2013CB834404)Xizhen Wu acknowledges the supports in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.10235020,10979023,11005155,11365004,11475004,and 11675266)Zhuxia Li acknowledges the supports in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.19975073,10175093,10175089,10235030,11275052,11375062,11475262,11475004,11875323,and 11875125)the National Key Basic Research Development Program of China(Nos.G20000774 and 2007CB20
文摘In this review article,we first briefty introduce the transport theory and quantum molecular dynamics model applied in the study of the heavy ion collisions from low to intermediate energies.The developments of improved quantum molecular dynamics model(ImQMD)and ultra-relativistic quantum molecular dynamics model(UrQMD),are reviewed.The reaction mechanism and phenomena related to the fusion,multinucleon transrer,fragmentation,collective flow and particle production are reviewed and discussed within the framework of the two models.The constraints on the isospin asymmetric muclear equation of state and in-medium nucleon nucleon cross sections by comparing the heavy ion collision data with transport models calculations in last decades are also discussed,and the uncertainties of these constraints are analyzed as well.Finally,we discuss the future direction of the development of the transport models for improving the understanding of the reaction mechanism,the descriptions of various observables,the constraint on the nuclear equation of state,as well as for the constraint on in-medium nucleon-nucleon cross sections.
文摘Lithium-ion batteries(LiB)are widely used in electric vehicles(EVs)and battery energy storage systems,and accurate state estimation relying on the relationship between battery Open-Circuit-Voltage(OCV)and State-of-Charge(SOC)is the basis for their safe and efficient applications.To avoid the time-consuming lab test needed for obtaining OCV-SOC curves,this study proposes a data-driven universal method by using operation data collected onboard about the variation of OCV with ampere-hour(Ah).To guarantee high reliability,a series of constraints have been implemented.To verify the effectiveness of this method,the constructed OCV-SOC curves are used to estimate battery SOC and State-of-Health(SOH),which are compared with data from both lab tests and EV manufacturers.Results show that a higher accuracy can be achieved in the estimation of both SOC and SOH,for which the maximum deviations are less than 3.0%and 2.9%respectively.
基金supported by the State Grid Company Science and Technology Project(Grant No.5230HQ19000J).
文摘Precise states estimation for the lithium-ion battery is one of the fundamental tasks in the battery management system(BMS),where building an accurate battery model is the first step in model-based estimation algorithms.To date,although the comparative studies on different battery models have been performed intensively,little attention is paid to the comparison among different online parameters identification methods regarding model accuracy,robustness ability,adaptability to the different battery operating conditions and computation cost.In this paper,based on the Thevenin model,the three most widely used online parameters identification methods,including extended Kalman filter(EKF),particle swarm optimization(PSO),and recursive least square(RLS),are evaluated comprehensively under static and dynamic tests.It is worth noting that,although the built model’s terminal voltage may well follow a measured curve,these identified model parameters may significantly out of reasonable range,which means that the error between measured and predicted terminal voltage cannot be seen as a gist to determine which model is the most accurate.To evaluate model accuracy more rigorously,battery state-of-charge(SOC)is further estimated based on identified model parameters under static and dynamic tests.The SOC prediction results show that EKF and RLS algorithms are more suitable to be used for online model parameters identification under static and dynamic tests,respectively.Moreover,the random offset is added into originally measured data to verify the robustness ability of different methods,whose results indicate EKF and RLS have more satisfactory ability against imprecisely sampled data under static and dynamic tests,respectively.Considering model accuracy,robustness ability,adaptability to the different battery operating conditions and computation cost simultaneously,EKF is recommended to be adopted to establish battery model in real application among these three most widely used methods.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11875125,and 12075085)financial support from China Scholarship Council(Grant No.202106180053)Samson AG for funding。
文摘Hanbury-Brown-Twiss(HBT) correlations for charged pions in central Au+Au collisions at √SNN=2.4-7.7 GeV(corresponding to beam kinetic energies in the fixed target frame from Elab=1.23 to 30 GeV/nucleon) are calculated using the ultra-relativistic quantum molecular dynamics model with different equations of state(EoSs).The effects of a phase transition at high baryon densities are clearly observed in the explored HBT parameters.The results show that the available data on the HBT radii,RO/RSand R^(2)_(O)-R^(2)_(S),in the investigated energy region favor a relatively stiff EoS at low beam energies,which then turns into a soft EoS at high collision energies consistent with astrophysical constraints on the high-density EoS of quantum chromodynamics(QCD).The specific effects of two different phase transition scenarios on RO/RSand R^(2)_(O)-R^(2)_(S)are investigated.A phase transition with a significant softening of the EoS below four times the nuclear saturation density can be excluded using HBT data.Our results highlight that the pion’s RO/RSand R^(2)_(O)-R^(2)_(S)are sensitive to the stiffness of the EoS and can be used to constrain and understand the QCD EoS in a high baryon density region.
