According to the second law of thermodynamics, as currently understood, any given transit of a system along the reversible path proceeds with a total entropy change equal to zero. The fact that this condition is also ...According to the second law of thermodynamics, as currently understood, any given transit of a system along the reversible path proceeds with a total entropy change equal to zero. The fact that this condition is also the identifier of thermodynamic equilibrium, makes each and every point along the reversible path a state of equilibrium, and the reversible path, as expressed by a noted thermodynamic author, “a dense succession of equilibrium states”. The difficulties with these notions are plural. The fact, for example, that systems need to be forced out of equilibrium via the expenditure of work, would make any spontaneous reversible process a consumer of work, this in opposition to common thermodynamic wisdom that makes spontaneous reversible processes the most efficient transformers of work-producing-potential into actual work. The solution to this and other related impasses is provided by Dialectical Thermodynamics via its previously proved notion assigning a negative entropy change to the energy upgrading process represented by the transformation of heat into work. The said solution is here exemplified with the ideal-gas phase isomerization of butane into isobutane.展开更多
In order to improve the working efficiency of the power battery pack and prolong the service life, there is a problem of inconsistency among the individual cells. Based on the centralized equalization structure of the...In order to improve the working efficiency of the power battery pack and prolong the service life, there is a problem of inconsistency among the individual cells. Based on the centralized equalization structure of the multi-output winding transformer, a three-stage hybrid equalization control strategy is designed for equalization. The equalization scheme realizes that the high voltage single battery transfers the energy to the low voltage battery cell during the charging of the battery pack, improving not only charging efficiency and energy use loss, but also the high voltage battery transferring the power to the low voltage battery cell when the pressure difference is greater than 10 mv during the discharge. Between 5 mv and 10 mv, it performs passive equalization, reducing the output fluctuation of the power battery pack and achieving the balance purpose. During the standing time, the maximum active balancing operation within the battery pack is performed in order to achieve intra-group optimum consistency. It is proved by experiments that the equalization control method can realize the quick and effective equalization in the battery pack, and the energy balance of each single battery.展开更多
The advancements of mobile devices, public networks and the Internet of creature huge amounts of complex data, both construct & unstructured are being captured in trust to allow organizations to produce better bus...The advancements of mobile devices, public networks and the Internet of creature huge amounts of complex data, both construct & unstructured are being captured in trust to allow organizations to produce better business decisions as data is now pivotal for an organizations success. These enormous amounts of data are referred to as Big Data, which enables a competitive advantage over rivals when processed and analyzed appropriately. However Big Data Analytics has a few concerns including Management of Data, Privacy & Security, getting optimal path for transport data, and Data Representation. However, the structure of network does not completely match transportation demand, i.e., there still exist a few bottlenecks in the network. This paper presents a new approach to get the optimal path of valuable data movement through a given network based on the knapsack problem. This paper will give value for each piece of data, it depends on the importance of this data (each piece of data defined by two arguments size and value), and the approach tries to find the optimal path from source to destination, a mathematical models are developed to adjust data flows between their shortest paths based on the 0 - 1 knapsack problem. We also take out computational experience using the commercial software Gurobi and a greedy algorithm (GA), respectively. The outcome indicates that the suggest models are active and workable. This paper introduced two different algorithms to study the shortest path problems: the first algorithm studies the shortest path problems when stochastic activates and activities does not depend on weights. The second algorithm studies the shortest path problems depends on weights.展开更多
语料库是自然语言处理NLP(natural language processing)的基础,其标注质量影响着基于有指导机器学习方法的NLP系统的性能。针对汉语句法树库,提出了一种基于不一致查找树库潜在标注错误的方法,该方法主要从两方面进行不一致检测:一是...语料库是自然语言处理NLP(natural language processing)的基础,其标注质量影响着基于有指导机器学习方法的NLP系统的性能。针对汉语句法树库,提出了一种基于不一致查找树库潜在标注错误的方法,该方法主要从两方面进行不一致检测:一是从类似短语内部构成并结合可疑度来检测不一致;二是从标注大纲入手,检测词性、短语等各类标记符号与大纲定义不符合的情况。实验结果表明,在查找到的不一致现象中,存在一定数量的语料库标注错误。展开更多
文摘According to the second law of thermodynamics, as currently understood, any given transit of a system along the reversible path proceeds with a total entropy change equal to zero. The fact that this condition is also the identifier of thermodynamic equilibrium, makes each and every point along the reversible path a state of equilibrium, and the reversible path, as expressed by a noted thermodynamic author, “a dense succession of equilibrium states”. The difficulties with these notions are plural. The fact, for example, that systems need to be forced out of equilibrium via the expenditure of work, would make any spontaneous reversible process a consumer of work, this in opposition to common thermodynamic wisdom that makes spontaneous reversible processes the most efficient transformers of work-producing-potential into actual work. The solution to this and other related impasses is provided by Dialectical Thermodynamics via its previously proved notion assigning a negative entropy change to the energy upgrading process represented by the transformation of heat into work. The said solution is here exemplified with the ideal-gas phase isomerization of butane into isobutane.
文摘In order to improve the working efficiency of the power battery pack and prolong the service life, there is a problem of inconsistency among the individual cells. Based on the centralized equalization structure of the multi-output winding transformer, a three-stage hybrid equalization control strategy is designed for equalization. The equalization scheme realizes that the high voltage single battery transfers the energy to the low voltage battery cell during the charging of the battery pack, improving not only charging efficiency and energy use loss, but also the high voltage battery transferring the power to the low voltage battery cell when the pressure difference is greater than 10 mv during the discharge. Between 5 mv and 10 mv, it performs passive equalization, reducing the output fluctuation of the power battery pack and achieving the balance purpose. During the standing time, the maximum active balancing operation within the battery pack is performed in order to achieve intra-group optimum consistency. It is proved by experiments that the equalization control method can realize the quick and effective equalization in the battery pack, and the energy balance of each single battery.
文摘The advancements of mobile devices, public networks and the Internet of creature huge amounts of complex data, both construct & unstructured are being captured in trust to allow organizations to produce better business decisions as data is now pivotal for an organizations success. These enormous amounts of data are referred to as Big Data, which enables a competitive advantage over rivals when processed and analyzed appropriately. However Big Data Analytics has a few concerns including Management of Data, Privacy & Security, getting optimal path for transport data, and Data Representation. However, the structure of network does not completely match transportation demand, i.e., there still exist a few bottlenecks in the network. This paper presents a new approach to get the optimal path of valuable data movement through a given network based on the knapsack problem. This paper will give value for each piece of data, it depends on the importance of this data (each piece of data defined by two arguments size and value), and the approach tries to find the optimal path from source to destination, a mathematical models are developed to adjust data flows between their shortest paths based on the 0 - 1 knapsack problem. We also take out computational experience using the commercial software Gurobi and a greedy algorithm (GA), respectively. The outcome indicates that the suggest models are active and workable. This paper introduced two different algorithms to study the shortest path problems: the first algorithm studies the shortest path problems when stochastic activates and activities does not depend on weights. The second algorithm studies the shortest path problems depends on weights.
文摘语料库是自然语言处理NLP(natural language processing)的基础,其标注质量影响着基于有指导机器学习方法的NLP系统的性能。针对汉语句法树库,提出了一种基于不一致查找树库潜在标注错误的方法,该方法主要从两方面进行不一致检测:一是从类似短语内部构成并结合可疑度来检测不一致;二是从标注大纲入手,检测词性、短语等各类标记符号与大纲定义不符合的情况。实验结果表明,在查找到的不一致现象中,存在一定数量的语料库标注错误。
