Introduction: WHO estimated that uncorrected refractive errors are the leading cause of visual impairment and second leading cause of blindness globally. University students are prone to developing refractive errors d...Introduction: WHO estimated that uncorrected refractive errors are the leading cause of visual impairment and second leading cause of blindness globally. University students are prone to developing refractive errors due to their curriculum that requires a lot of near work affecting their performance and quality of life unknowingly. Genetic and environmental factors are thought to play a role in the development of refractive errors. This study addresses the paucity of knowledge about refractive errors among university students in East Africa, providing a foundation for further research. Objectives: To determine the prevalence and factors associated with refractive errors among students in the Faculty of Medicine at Mbarara University of Science and Technology. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional descriptive and analytical study in which 368 undergraduate students selected using random sampling were assessed for refractive errors from March 2021-July 2021. Eligible participants were recruited and their VA assessment done after answering a questionnaire. Students whose VA improved on pin hole had subjective retinoscopy and results were compiled and imported to STATA 14 for analysis. Results: The prevalence of refractive errors was 26.36% with (95% CI) among university students especially myopia. Myopia is most predominant at 60%, followed by 37% Astigmatism and hyperopia of 3% among medical students. Astigmatism consisted of largely myopic astigmatism 72% (26) and 28% (10) compound/mixed astigmatism only. Student positive family history of refractive error was found to have a statistically significant relationship with refractive errors with AOR 1.68 (1.04 - 2.72) (95% CI) and P (0.032). Conclusion: The prevalence of refractive errors among university students, especially myopia, was found to be high and family history was associated with students having refractive errors.展开更多
Introduction: Refractive disturbances have been observed during hyperglycemia. However, there remains controversy as to the types of disturbances that it induces. Objective: To determine the types of refractive distur...Introduction: Refractive disturbances have been observed during hyperglycemia. However, there remains controversy as to the types of disturbances that it induces. Objective: To determine the types of refractive disturbances observed during hyperglycemia in humans. Population and Methods: This was an observational and cross-sectional study with an analytical purpose conducted from July to November 2021. Emmetropia, hypermetropia, and myopia as well as blood glucose levels were compared between day 0 (D0) and day 30 (D30) after initiation of hypoglycemic therapy in 222 people (444 eyes) with recently discovered hyperglycemia (Chi-2;p Results: At D0, the mean of blood glucose was 18.1 mmol/L ± 8.2 vs 6.9 mmol/L ± 3.0 at D30 (p = 0.001). At day 0, 80% (n = 355) of eyes were hypermetropic compared to 73.9% (n = 328) at D30 (p = 0.02). At D0, 14.2% of eyes (n = 63) were myopic compared to 11.3% (n = 50) at D30 (p = 0.02). Refraction improved from 0.75 to 1.5D for 34.5% (n = 18) of hypermetropic eyes and 10.2% (n = 2) of myopic eyes. Conclusion: Our results show that hypermetropia is the most common ametropia during hyperglycemia. Moreover, these data suggest that the normalization of blood glucose improves refraction.展开更多
AIM: To investigate the frequency of eye disorders in heavy vehicle drivers.METHODS: A cross-sectional type study was conducted between November 2004 and September 2006 in 200 driver and 200 non-driver persons.A compl...AIM: To investigate the frequency of eye disorders in heavy vehicle drivers.METHODS: A cross-sectional type study was conducted between November 2004 and September 2006 in 200 driver and 200 non-driver persons.A complete ophthalmologic examination was performed,including visual acuity,and dilated examination of the posterior segment.We used the auto refractometer for determining refractive errors.RESULTS: According to eye examination results,the prevalence of the refractive error was 21.5% and 31.3% in study and control groups respectively (P <0.05).The most common type of refraction error in the study group was myopic astigmatism (8.3%) while in the control group simple myopia (12.8%).Prevalence of dyschromatopsia in the rivers,control group and total group was 2.2%,2.8% and 2.6% respectively.CONCLUSION: A considerably high number of drivers are in lack of optimal visual acuity.Refraction errors in drivers may impair the traffic security.展开更多
文摘Introduction: WHO estimated that uncorrected refractive errors are the leading cause of visual impairment and second leading cause of blindness globally. University students are prone to developing refractive errors due to their curriculum that requires a lot of near work affecting their performance and quality of life unknowingly. Genetic and environmental factors are thought to play a role in the development of refractive errors. This study addresses the paucity of knowledge about refractive errors among university students in East Africa, providing a foundation for further research. Objectives: To determine the prevalence and factors associated with refractive errors among students in the Faculty of Medicine at Mbarara University of Science and Technology. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional descriptive and analytical study in which 368 undergraduate students selected using random sampling were assessed for refractive errors from March 2021-July 2021. Eligible participants were recruited and their VA assessment done after answering a questionnaire. Students whose VA improved on pin hole had subjective retinoscopy and results were compiled and imported to STATA 14 for analysis. Results: The prevalence of refractive errors was 26.36% with (95% CI) among university students especially myopia. Myopia is most predominant at 60%, followed by 37% Astigmatism and hyperopia of 3% among medical students. Astigmatism consisted of largely myopic astigmatism 72% (26) and 28% (10) compound/mixed astigmatism only. Student positive family history of refractive error was found to have a statistically significant relationship with refractive errors with AOR 1.68 (1.04 - 2.72) (95% CI) and P (0.032). Conclusion: The prevalence of refractive errors among university students, especially myopia, was found to be high and family history was associated with students having refractive errors.
文摘Introduction: Refractive disturbances have been observed during hyperglycemia. However, there remains controversy as to the types of disturbances that it induces. Objective: To determine the types of refractive disturbances observed during hyperglycemia in humans. Population and Methods: This was an observational and cross-sectional study with an analytical purpose conducted from July to November 2021. Emmetropia, hypermetropia, and myopia as well as blood glucose levels were compared between day 0 (D0) and day 30 (D30) after initiation of hypoglycemic therapy in 222 people (444 eyes) with recently discovered hyperglycemia (Chi-2;p Results: At D0, the mean of blood glucose was 18.1 mmol/L ± 8.2 vs 6.9 mmol/L ± 3.0 at D30 (p = 0.001). At day 0, 80% (n = 355) of eyes were hypermetropic compared to 73.9% (n = 328) at D30 (p = 0.02). At D0, 14.2% of eyes (n = 63) were myopic compared to 11.3% (n = 50) at D30 (p = 0.02). Refraction improved from 0.75 to 1.5D for 34.5% (n = 18) of hypermetropic eyes and 10.2% (n = 2) of myopic eyes. Conclusion: Our results show that hypermetropia is the most common ametropia during hyperglycemia. Moreover, these data suggest that the normalization of blood glucose improves refraction.
文摘AIM: To investigate the frequency of eye disorders in heavy vehicle drivers.METHODS: A cross-sectional type study was conducted between November 2004 and September 2006 in 200 driver and 200 non-driver persons.A complete ophthalmologic examination was performed,including visual acuity,and dilated examination of the posterior segment.We used the auto refractometer for determining refractive errors.RESULTS: According to eye examination results,the prevalence of the refractive error was 21.5% and 31.3% in study and control groups respectively (P <0.05).The most common type of refraction error in the study group was myopic astigmatism (8.3%) while in the control group simple myopia (12.8%).Prevalence of dyschromatopsia in the rivers,control group and total group was 2.2%,2.8% and 2.6% respectively.CONCLUSION: A considerably high number of drivers are in lack of optimal visual acuity.Refraction errors in drivers may impair the traffic security.
