We have shown that certain non-commutative integral rings can be immersed in a field by a method which is not that of the construction of the field of fractions on the right ℝ ℝ ∗−1 , or left ℝ ∗−1 ℝ , of the ring ℝ u...We have shown that certain non-commutative integral rings can be immersed in a field by a method which is not that of the construction of the field of fractions on the right ℝ ℝ ∗−1 , or left ℝ ∗−1 ℝ , of the ring ℝ under consideration.展开更多
It is proposed that where sexually selected vocal communication is an honest signal, the call production rate is predicted to change throughout the breeding season. Male leopard seals call underwater for many hours ea...It is proposed that where sexually selected vocal communication is an honest signal, the call production rate is predicted to change throughout the breeding season. Male leopard seals call underwater for many hours each day over their three- to four-month breeding season, and it is hypothesized that a decrease in calling rate would be associated with the declining body condition of smaller males. The calling rates of leopard seals were measured （N= 49 recordings） and com- pared between seals of different size classes throughout the breeding season. Male leopard seals produce their calls at more stable rates as they become larger. In this study, larger male leopard seals adopted a strategy of consistent underwater calling throughout the breeding season, whereas there was a breakdown in the calling stereotypy of the smaller males at its height. Toward the end of the breeding season, the smaller seals produced fewer calls in shortened calling bouts, and they took more rest periods. Therefore, underwater calling may represent an honest signal in the leopard seal. For marine mammals that call underwater, the production of repetitive sequences advertises the breath-holding ability of the caller to the listeners, and this ability may be related to male stamina and endurance, thus representing an honest signal that could be widespread in other species.展开更多
Research papers play a crucial role in graduate study.The profound benefit of writing research papers are being discussed in three respects respectively.The writing task will contribute to the development of logical a...Research papers play a crucial role in graduate study.The profound benefit of writing research papers are being discussed in three respects respectively.The writing task will contribute to the development of logical and coherent thoughts,the honest and serious attitudes obtained in the process of writing as well as creative and original ideas improved in the research progress.The benefit gained in writing research papers will ultimately work further in researchers,future study and success.展开更多
文摘We have shown that certain non-commutative integral rings can be immersed in a field by a method which is not that of the construction of the field of fractions on the right ℝ ℝ ∗−1 , or left ℝ ∗−1 ℝ , of the ring ℝ under consideration.
文摘It is proposed that where sexually selected vocal communication is an honest signal, the call production rate is predicted to change throughout the breeding season. Male leopard seals call underwater for many hours each day over their three- to four-month breeding season, and it is hypothesized that a decrease in calling rate would be associated with the declining body condition of smaller males. The calling rates of leopard seals were measured （N= 49 recordings） and com- pared between seals of different size classes throughout the breeding season. Male leopard seals produce their calls at more stable rates as they become larger. In this study, larger male leopard seals adopted a strategy of consistent underwater calling throughout the breeding season, whereas there was a breakdown in the calling stereotypy of the smaller males at its height. Toward the end of the breeding season, the smaller seals produced fewer calls in shortened calling bouts, and they took more rest periods. Therefore, underwater calling may represent an honest signal in the leopard seal. For marine mammals that call underwater, the production of repetitive sequences advertises the breath-holding ability of the caller to the listeners, and this ability may be related to male stamina and endurance, thus representing an honest signal that could be widespread in other species.
文摘Research papers play a crucial role in graduate study.The profound benefit of writing research papers are being discussed in three respects respectively.The writing task will contribute to the development of logical and coherent thoughts,the honest and serious attitudes obtained in the process of writing as well as creative and original ideas improved in the research progress.The benefit gained in writing research papers will ultimately work further in researchers,future study and success.
