Gene fusions are appreciated as ideal cancer biomarkers and therapeutic targets.Chimeric RNAs are traditionally thought to be products of gene fusions,and thus,also cancerspecific.Recent research has demonstrated that...Gene fusions are appreciated as ideal cancer biomarkers and therapeutic targets.Chimeric RNAs are traditionally thought to be products of gene fusions,and thus,also cancerspecific.Recent research has demonstrated that chimeric RNAs can be generated by intergenic splicing in the absence of gene fusion,and such chimeric RNAs are also found in normal physiology.These new findings challenge the traditional theory of chimeric RNAs exclusivity to cancer,and complicates use of chimeric RNAs in cancer detection.Here,we provide an overview of gene fusions and chimeric RNAs,and emphasize their differences.We note that gene fusions are able to generate chimeric RNAs in accordance with the central dogma of biology,and that chimeric RNAs may also be able to influence the generation of the gene fusions per the“horse before the cart”hypothesis.We further expand upon the“horse before the cart”hypothesis,summarizing current evidence in support of the theory and exploring its potential impact on the field.展开更多
With the development of deep sequencing and bioinformatics technology, a large number of products produced by abnormal RNA splicing, such as chimeric RNA and chimeric/fusion proteins, have been discovered. Natural chi...With the development of deep sequencing and bioinformatics technology, a large number of products produced by abnormal RNA splicing, such as chimeric RNA and chimeric/fusion proteins, have been discovered. Natural chimeric/fusion genes are new genes formed by natural fusion of two or more independent genes. Chimeric RNAs can be transcribed by natural chimeric genes, and can also be formed by cis-splicing or trans-splicing of two or more precursor mRNAs. Unlike fusion genes, the production of chimeric RNAs does not involve changes in the DNA level of chromosomes. At first, chimeric RNAs were found as tumor markers. With the deepening of research, researchers also found a large number of chimeric RNAs in normal tissues. From the perspective of biological function, chimeric RNAs can play a biological role in regulating the expression of corresponding maternal genes, translating into chimeric proteins, and forming long non-coding RNAs. The objective of the present study focused on the frontiers of chimeric RNA and reviewed its role in health and tumor study to reveal research progress of chimeric RNA and health and provide a new sight of relative disease treatment. The main conclusion of this review is that chimeric RNA may serve as a biomarker for specific tumor diagnose and treatment while its role in normal physiology needs to be revealed.展开更多
An asymmetric heating method for fusion splicing of 1 060-XP silica fiber （1 060F） and phosphate glass fiber （PGF） using an electric arc splicer has been proposed. Double joints with the lowest splice loss of 0.6 ...An asymmetric heating method for fusion splicing of 1 060-XP silica fiber （1 060F） and phosphate glass fiber （PGF） using an electric arc splicer has been proposed. Double joints with the lowest splice loss of 0.6 dB and good bending-resist strength between 1 060 F and PGF has been obtained. The main reasons affecting fiber splice loss and strength have been analyzed.展开更多
To explore the influence of the fusion of different features on recognition,this paper took the electromyography(EMG)signals of rectus femoris under different motions(walk,step,ramp,squat,and sitting)as samples,linear...To explore the influence of the fusion of different features on recognition,this paper took the electromyography(EMG)signals of rectus femoris under different motions(walk,step,ramp,squat,and sitting)as samples,linear features(time-domain features(variance(VAR)and root mean square(RMS)),frequency-domain features(mean frequency(MF)and mean power frequency(MPF)),and nonlinear features(empirical mode decomposition(EMD))of the samples were extracted.Two feature fusion algorithms,the series splicing method and complex vector method,were designed,which were verified by a double hidden layer(BP)error back propagation neural network.Results show that with the increase of the types and complexity of feature fusions,the recognition rate of the EMG signal to actions is gradually improved.When the EMG signal is used in the series splicing method,the recognition rate of time-domain+frequency-domain+empirical mode decomposition(TD+FD+EMD)splicing is the highest,and the average recognition rate is 92.32%.And this rate is raised to 96.1%by using the complex vector method,and the variance of the BP system is also reduced.展开更多
In this study, information related to optical fiber fusion splicing skills is consolidated by extracting explicit knowledge of the proficiency levels of skilled technicians in two ways. The first is to visually captur...In this study, information related to optical fiber fusion splicing skills is consolidated by extracting explicit knowledge of the proficiency levels of skilled technicians in two ways. The first is to visually capture and quantify those skills by identifying differences in the skill levels of a nationally certified technician and a highly skilled expert technician using motion capture software, the other is to explore the relevance of the operation and thinking processes by interviewing the expert technician and then attempt to quantify empirical tacit knowledge by an analysis of mobile tracking views using motion capture software. The results show that a technician＇s ability to engage in ＂sensory thinking＂, such as the proper management of visual and tactile cues, is the most important component of his or her proficiency during optical fiber fusion splicing operations, and it was clear that operations were complemented when work path movements were reduced.展开更多
The recent progresses of fiber sensor fabrication in our group are reviewed.Novel inline fiber Mach-Zehnder interferometer(MZI) sensors with various structures are proposed and manufactured by femtosecond laser fabric...The recent progresses of fiber sensor fabrication in our group are reviewed.Novel inline fiber Mach-Zehnder interferometer(MZI) sensors with various structures are proposed and manufactured by femtosecond laser fabrication and fusion splicing for high-quality sensing of refractivity-sensitive parameters such as temperature,concentration,humidity,pressure,stress and strain: a) for an MZI sensor with a trench on a single-mode fiber,the refractive index(RI) sensitivity of acetone vapor is about 104 nm/RIU(refractive index unit) and the temperature sensitivity is 51.5 pm/℃ from 200 to 875 ℃;b) For an MZI consisting of two micro-air-cavities,the sensitivity is 501.5 nm/RIU and the detection limit is 1.994×10-6 RIU at the refractive index of 1.4;c) to reduce the fabrication cost,a new fusion-splicing based method is proposed to fabricate MZI sensors;the sensitivity is 664.57 nm/RIU with a detection limit of 1.5×10-6 RIU and its cost is tens of times cheaper than those of commercialized long period fiber Gratings;Also,5×10-5 acetone vapors are successfully detected by the MZI sensors coated with zeolite thin films.展开更多
文摘车辆和行人安全监测是城市交通监测的一项重要任务。针对雾霾等复杂恶劣天气条件下,监测采集的图像视觉效果差、噪声高、目标检测困难等问题,提出了一种双主干网络(MobileNets VGG-DCBM Network,MVNet)用于雾天交通目标检测,结构受PCCN和CBNet网络结构的启发,由改进的深度可分离卷积神经网络MobileNets和基于VGGNet构建的VGG-DCBM网络组成;采用并行方式构建双主干目标检测网络结构,以改进的MobileNets为主主干网络,VGG-DCBM为辅助主干网络,共同提取特征信息,实现不同网络间特征层信息的融合;MVNet网络结构采用并行方式获取两个不同网络提取的不同特征层信息,通过采用通道拼接的方法实现不同网络特征信息之间的融合,以获得更丰富的细节特征;在RTTS和HazePerson数据集上,平均精度均值(mean Average Precision,mAP)分别达到71.50%和89.84%;实验结果表明:在雾霾等复杂恶劣天气条件下具有较强的鲁棒性且能够准确的检测到车辆和行人,在目标检测性能上优于对比方法。
基金Hao Wu was supported by China Scholarship Council(CSC,No.201706370109).We thank Emily Lin for her help in creating the figure.We thank Justin Elfman for his help with English editing.
文摘Gene fusions are appreciated as ideal cancer biomarkers and therapeutic targets.Chimeric RNAs are traditionally thought to be products of gene fusions,and thus,also cancerspecific.Recent research has demonstrated that chimeric RNAs can be generated by intergenic splicing in the absence of gene fusion,and such chimeric RNAs are also found in normal physiology.These new findings challenge the traditional theory of chimeric RNAs exclusivity to cancer,and complicates use of chimeric RNAs in cancer detection.Here,we provide an overview of gene fusions and chimeric RNAs,and emphasize their differences.We note that gene fusions are able to generate chimeric RNAs in accordance with the central dogma of biology,and that chimeric RNAs may also be able to influence the generation of the gene fusions per the“horse before the cart”hypothesis.We further expand upon the“horse before the cart”hypothesis,summarizing current evidence in support of the theory and exploring its potential impact on the field.
文摘With the development of deep sequencing and bioinformatics technology, a large number of products produced by abnormal RNA splicing, such as chimeric RNA and chimeric/fusion proteins, have been discovered. Natural chimeric/fusion genes are new genes formed by natural fusion of two or more independent genes. Chimeric RNAs can be transcribed by natural chimeric genes, and can also be formed by cis-splicing or trans-splicing of two or more precursor mRNAs. Unlike fusion genes, the production of chimeric RNAs does not involve changes in the DNA level of chromosomes. At first, chimeric RNAs were found as tumor markers. With the deepening of research, researchers also found a large number of chimeric RNAs in normal tissues. From the perspective of biological function, chimeric RNAs can play a biological role in regulating the expression of corresponding maternal genes, translating into chimeric proteins, and forming long non-coding RNAs. The objective of the present study focused on the frontiers of chimeric RNA and reviewed its role in health and tumor study to reveal research progress of chimeric RNA and health and provide a new sight of relative disease treatment. The main conclusion of this review is that chimeric RNA may serve as a biomarker for specific tumor diagnose and treatment while its role in normal physiology needs to be revealed.
基金Funded by the Guangdong Science and Technology Program (No.2005A10602001)the Guangzhou Science and Technology Program (No.2006Z2-D0161)the Program for New Century Excellent Talents (No.NCET-04-0821)
文摘An asymmetric heating method for fusion splicing of 1 060-XP silica fiber （1 060F） and phosphate glass fiber （PGF） using an electric arc splicer has been proposed. Double joints with the lowest splice loss of 0.6 dB and good bending-resist strength between 1 060 F and PGF has been obtained. The main reasons affecting fiber splice loss and strength have been analyzed.
基金support by the Aerospace Research Project of China under Grant No.020202。
文摘To explore the influence of the fusion of different features on recognition,this paper took the electromyography(EMG)signals of rectus femoris under different motions(walk,step,ramp,squat,and sitting)as samples,linear features(time-domain features(variance(VAR)and root mean square(RMS)),frequency-domain features(mean frequency(MF)and mean power frequency(MPF)),and nonlinear features(empirical mode decomposition(EMD))of the samples were extracted.Two feature fusion algorithms,the series splicing method and complex vector method,were designed,which were verified by a double hidden layer(BP)error back propagation neural network.Results show that with the increase of the types and complexity of feature fusions,the recognition rate of the EMG signal to actions is gradually improved.When the EMG signal is used in the series splicing method,the recognition rate of time-domain+frequency-domain+empirical mode decomposition(TD+FD+EMD)splicing is the highest,and the average recognition rate is 92.32%.And this rate is raised to 96.1%by using the complex vector method,and the variance of the BP system is also reduced.
文摘In this study, information related to optical fiber fusion splicing skills is consolidated by extracting explicit knowledge of the proficiency levels of skilled technicians in two ways. The first is to visually capture and quantify those skills by identifying differences in the skill levels of a nationally certified technician and a highly skilled expert technician using motion capture software, the other is to explore the relevance of the operation and thinking processes by interviewing the expert technician and then attempt to quantify empirical tacit knowledge by an analysis of mobile tracking views using motion capture software. The results show that a technician＇s ability to engage in ＂sensory thinking＂, such as the proper management of visual and tactile cues, is the most important component of his or her proficiency during optical fiber fusion splicing operations, and it was clear that operations were complemented when work path movements were reduced.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.90923039 and 51025521)the 111 Project of China(No.B08043)
文摘The recent progresses of fiber sensor fabrication in our group are reviewed.Novel inline fiber Mach-Zehnder interferometer(MZI) sensors with various structures are proposed and manufactured by femtosecond laser fabrication and fusion splicing for high-quality sensing of refractivity-sensitive parameters such as temperature,concentration,humidity,pressure,stress and strain: a) for an MZI sensor with a trench on a single-mode fiber,the refractive index(RI) sensitivity of acetone vapor is about 104 nm/RIU(refractive index unit) and the temperature sensitivity is 51.5 pm/℃ from 200 to 875 ℃;b) For an MZI consisting of two micro-air-cavities,the sensitivity is 501.5 nm/RIU and the detection limit is 1.994×10-6 RIU at the refractive index of 1.4;c) to reduce the fabrication cost,a new fusion-splicing based method is proposed to fabricate MZI sensors;the sensitivity is 664.57 nm/RIU with a detection limit of 1.5×10-6 RIU and its cost is tens of times cheaper than those of commercialized long period fiber Gratings;Also,5×10-5 acetone vapors are successfully detected by the MZI sensors coated with zeolite thin films.
