利用地面、探空实时业务观测以及NCEP 1°×1°分析数据等资料,对2016年1月下旬寒潮过程地面气压场、过程最低气温、广东降雪空间分布、大气温湿结构以及天气系统等方面进行了分析,结果发现:该次寒潮过程广东地面气压突破...利用地面、探空实时业务观测以及NCEP 1°×1°分析数据等资料,对2016年1月下旬寒潮过程地面气压场、过程最低气温、广东降雪空间分布、大气温湿结构以及天气系统等方面进行了分析,结果发现:该次寒潮过程广东地面气压突破了有气象记录(1951年)以来的历史极值,但大部分市县最低气温未破历史记录;降雪南界较历史南界(1951—2015年)明显南压,即西部压到信宜、阳春一带,中东部则南压到了沿海;t850<0℃或t925<0℃的单层温度指标难以判断广东雨雪相态;当高空整层温度都在0℃以下,且近地面0℃层高度低时降水相态多为雪,0℃层高度过高时则降水相态为雨,其余为雨夹雪(霰);当高空有暖层存在时,出现纯雪的可能性较小,若地面0℃层高度低,且高空暖层厚度<位于其下方的冷冻层,则有雨夹雪(霰)的可能;降雪时大气湿度呈下干上湿状态,90%以上的高湿度区主要在800~500 h Pa之间;降雪时的辐合抬升主要发生在700~500 h Pa,中层的槽和西到西南急流是重要的动力因子。展开更多
This paper explores the application of Artificial Intelligent (AI) techniques for climate forecast. It presents a study on modelling the monsoon precipitation forecast by means of Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs). Us...This paper explores the application of Artificial Intelligent (AI) techniques for climate forecast. It presents a study on modelling the monsoon precipitation forecast by means of Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs). Using the historical data of the total amount of summer rainfall over the Delta Area of Yangtze River in China, three ANNs models have been developed to forecast the monsoon precipitation in the corresponding area one year, five-year, and ten-year forward respectively. Performances of the models have been validated using a 'new' data set that has not been exposed to the models during the processes of model development and test. The experiment results are promising, indicating that the proposed ANNs models have good quality in terms of the accuracy, stability and generalisation ability.展开更多
The probability of quantitative precipitation forecast(PQPF)of three Bayesian Model Averaging(BMA)models based on three raw super ensemble prediction schemes(i.e.,A,B,and C)are established,which through calibration of...The probability of quantitative precipitation forecast(PQPF)of three Bayesian Model Averaging(BMA)models based on three raw super ensemble prediction schemes(i.e.,A,B,and C)are established,which through calibration of their parameters using 1-3 day precipitation ensemble prediction systems(EPSs)from the China Meteorological Administration(CMA),the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts(ECMWF)and the National Centers for Environmental Prediction(NCEP)and observation during land-falling of three typhoons in south-east China in 2013.The comparison of PQPF shows that the performance is better in the BMA than that in raw ensemble forecasts.On average,the mean absolute error(MAE)of 1 day lead time forecast is reduced by 12.4%,and its continuous ranked probability score(CRPS)of 1-3 day lead time forecast is reduced by 26.2%,respectively.Although the amount of precipitation prediction by the BMA tends to be underestimated,but in view of the perspective of probability prediction,the probability of covering the observed precipitation by the effective forecast ranges of the BMA are increased,which is of great significance for the early warning of torrential rain and secondary disasters induced by it.展开更多
This research uses Japan facsimile data in May-September of 2011-2015 in Fumeng and Zhangwu County of Fuxin, Liaoning, China as the site selection for high altitude NECV circulation background, using statistical and s...This research uses Japan facsimile data in May-September of 2011-2015 in Fumeng and Zhangwu County of Fuxin, Liaoning, China as the site selection for high altitude NECV circulation background, using statistical and synoptic methods testing the combination of test and Analysis on Japanese numerical precipitation prediction and error. The prediction equation of cold vortex precipitation in the region is established by SPSS software. It is predicted whether the product predicts precipitation, water vapor condition and vertical velocity according to the Japanese numerical forecast. The results show that the fitting rate is 88% in the past 5 years, and the rate of cold vortex precipitation in the summer of 2016 is 89%.展开更多
A quantitative scheme is put forward in our work of forecasting the storm rainfall of typhoons for specific sites.Using the initial parameters,weather situations and physical quantities as well as numerical weather pr...A quantitative scheme is put forward in our work of forecasting the storm rainfall of typhoons for specific sites.Using the initial parameters,weather situations and physical quantities as well as numerical weather prediction products,the scheme constructs multivariate,objective and similarity criteria for environmental factors for the time between the current and forthcoming moment within the domain of forecast.Through defining a non-linear similarity index,this work presents a comprehensive assessment of the similarity between historical samples of typhoons and those being forecast in terms of continuous dynamic states under the multivariate criteria in order to identify similar samples.The historical rainfall records of the similar samples are used to run weighted summarization of the similarity index to determine site-specific and quantitative forecasts of future typhoon rainfall.Samples resembling the typhoon being forecast are selected by defining a non-linear similarity index composed of multiple criteria.Trial tests have demonstrated that this scheme has positive prediction skill.展开更多
文摘利用地面、探空实时业务观测以及NCEP 1°×1°分析数据等资料,对2016年1月下旬寒潮过程地面气压场、过程最低气温、广东降雪空间分布、大气温湿结构以及天气系统等方面进行了分析,结果发现:该次寒潮过程广东地面气压突破了有气象记录(1951年)以来的历史极值,但大部分市县最低气温未破历史记录;降雪南界较历史南界(1951—2015年)明显南压,即西部压到信宜、阳春一带,中东部则南压到了沿海;t850<0℃或t925<0℃的单层温度指标难以判断广东雨雪相态;当高空整层温度都在0℃以下,且近地面0℃层高度低时降水相态多为雪,0℃层高度过高时则降水相态为雨,其余为雨夹雪(霰);当高空有暖层存在时,出现纯雪的可能性较小,若地面0℃层高度低,且高空暖层厚度<位于其下方的冷冻层,则有雨夹雪(霰)的可能;降雪时大气湿度呈下干上湿状态,90%以上的高湿度区主要在800~500 h Pa之间;降雪时的辐合抬升主要发生在700~500 h Pa,中层的槽和西到西南急流是重要的动力因子。
文摘This paper explores the application of Artificial Intelligent (AI) techniques for climate forecast. It presents a study on modelling the monsoon precipitation forecast by means of Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs). Using the historical data of the total amount of summer rainfall over the Delta Area of Yangtze River in China, three ANNs models have been developed to forecast the monsoon precipitation in the corresponding area one year, five-year, and ten-year forward respectively. Performances of the models have been validated using a 'new' data set that has not been exposed to the models during the processes of model development and test. The experiment results are promising, indicating that the proposed ANNs models have good quality in terms of the accuracy, stability and generalisation ability.
基金This research was funded by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2017YFC1502000)the Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology Project(No.2015CB452806)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41475044)National Key Technology Research and Development Program of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(Grant No.2015BAK10B03).We gratefully acknowledge the anonymous reviewers for spending their valuable time and providing constructive comments and suggestions on this manuscript.
文摘The probability of quantitative precipitation forecast(PQPF)of three Bayesian Model Averaging(BMA)models based on three raw super ensemble prediction schemes(i.e.,A,B,and C)are established,which through calibration of their parameters using 1-3 day precipitation ensemble prediction systems(EPSs)from the China Meteorological Administration(CMA),the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts(ECMWF)and the National Centers for Environmental Prediction(NCEP)and observation during land-falling of three typhoons in south-east China in 2013.The comparison of PQPF shows that the performance is better in the BMA than that in raw ensemble forecasts.On average,the mean absolute error(MAE)of 1 day lead time forecast is reduced by 12.4%,and its continuous ranked probability score(CRPS)of 1-3 day lead time forecast is reduced by 26.2%,respectively.Although the amount of precipitation prediction by the BMA tends to be underestimated,but in view of the perspective of probability prediction,the probability of covering the observed precipitation by the effective forecast ranges of the BMA are increased,which is of great significance for the early warning of torrential rain and secondary disasters induced by it.
文摘This research uses Japan facsimile data in May-September of 2011-2015 in Fumeng and Zhangwu County of Fuxin, Liaoning, China as the site selection for high altitude NECV circulation background, using statistical and synoptic methods testing the combination of test and Analysis on Japanese numerical precipitation prediction and error. The prediction equation of cold vortex precipitation in the region is established by SPSS software. It is predicted whether the product predicts precipitation, water vapor condition and vertical velocity according to the Japanese numerical forecast. The results show that the fitting rate is 88% in the past 5 years, and the rate of cold vortex precipitation in the summer of 2016 is 89%.
基金Specialized Research Project for Social Welfare from Ministry of Science and Technology of China (2005DIB3J104)Science and Technology Planning Project for Zhejiang Province (2007C23065)
文摘A quantitative scheme is put forward in our work of forecasting the storm rainfall of typhoons for specific sites.Using the initial parameters,weather situations and physical quantities as well as numerical weather prediction products,the scheme constructs multivariate,objective and similarity criteria for environmental factors for the time between the current and forthcoming moment within the domain of forecast.Through defining a non-linear similarity index,this work presents a comprehensive assessment of the similarity between historical samples of typhoons and those being forecast in terms of continuous dynamic states under the multivariate criteria in order to identify similar samples.The historical rainfall records of the similar samples are used to run weighted summarization of the similarity index to determine site-specific and quantitative forecasts of future typhoon rainfall.Samples resembling the typhoon being forecast are selected by defining a non-linear similarity index composed of multiple criteria.Trial tests have demonstrated that this scheme has positive prediction skill.
