Transmission of microplastics(MPs)through aerosolization has been recently realized as an important route.Inspite of the reports of the ubiquitous MP presence in aerosols,the spatio-temporal information is inadequate ...Transmission of microplastics(MPs)through aerosolization has been recently realized as an important route.Inspite of the reports of the ubiquitous MP presence in aerosols,the spatio-temporal information is inadequate and has very limited practicality in assessing if aerosol can be a significant source of MPs to the marine environment.Data on marine contribution to atmospheric MPs is exceptionally scarce,and the ocean-air exchange is considered an emerging research area.Evidence of MPs entering the oceans via atmospheric deposition has been recently produced.The idea of ocean-air exchange emanates from the fact that beach sediments can get suspended under sand and dust storms,bubble bursts and sea sprays due to wind and waves in surf zones can lead to the ejection of particles into aerosols.In this succinct review,we have tried compiling the data on atmospheric MPs that can shed some light on the flux from and to the aquatic environment.While the information is too limited never the less its incorporation into the marine MP cycle cannot be neglected.展开更多
In this paper,the equivalent reluctance network model(ERNM)is used to calculate the magnetic circuit of a permanent magnet-assisted synchronous reluctance motor(PMASynRM)and calculate no-load air-gap magnetic field an...In this paper,the equivalent reluctance network model(ERNM)is used to calculate the magnetic circuit of a permanent magnet-assisted synchronous reluctance motor(PMASynRM)and calculate no-load air-gap magnetic field and electromagnetic torque.Iteration method is used to solve the relative permeability of iron core.A novel reluctance network model based on actual distribution of the magnetic flux inside the motor is established.The magnetomotive force(MMF)generated by armature winding affects the relative permeability of iron core,which is considered in the calculation of ERNM to improve the accuracy when the motor is under load.ERNM can be used to measure air-gap flux density,no-load back electromotive force(EMF),the average value of motor torque,the armature winding voltage under load,and power factor.The method of calculating the motor performance is proposed.The results of calculation are consistent with finite element method(FEM)and the computational complexity is much less than that of the FEM.The results of ERNM has been verified,which will provide a simple method for motor design and analysis.展开更多
Thermo-mechanical simulation of the vacuum plasma spraying tungsten （VPS-W） coating on the actively cooled CuCrZr substrate under the relevant quasi-stationary heat load and transient heat flux for tokamak device, i...Thermo-mechanical simulation of the vacuum plasma spraying tungsten （VPS-W） coating on the actively cooled CuCrZr substrate under the relevant quasi-stationary heat load and transient heat flux for tokamak device, is conducted by finite element analysis （FEA）. It is shown that the failure of copper softening is likely to occur at the W/Cu compliant interlayer under a typical quasi-stationary heat load and the surface failure of plastic yield damage to occur at the surface edge under a transient heat flux. In addition, the critical transient heat flux for melting is approximately 0.75 MJ/m2 for about 0.5 ms. All these results are useful for the design of the plasma facing components （PFCs） and the plasma operation in the future.展开更多
文摘Transmission of microplastics(MPs)through aerosolization has been recently realized as an important route.Inspite of the reports of the ubiquitous MP presence in aerosols,the spatio-temporal information is inadequate and has very limited practicality in assessing if aerosol can be a significant source of MPs to the marine environment.Data on marine contribution to atmospheric MPs is exceptionally scarce,and the ocean-air exchange is considered an emerging research area.Evidence of MPs entering the oceans via atmospheric deposition has been recently produced.The idea of ocean-air exchange emanates from the fact that beach sediments can get suspended under sand and dust storms,bubble bursts and sea sprays due to wind and waves in surf zones can lead to the ejection of particles into aerosols.In this succinct review,we have tried compiling the data on atmospheric MPs that can shed some light on the flux from and to the aquatic environment.While the information is too limited never the less its incorporation into the marine MP cycle cannot be neglected.
基金This work was supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 51737008.
文摘In this paper,the equivalent reluctance network model(ERNM)is used to calculate the magnetic circuit of a permanent magnet-assisted synchronous reluctance motor(PMASynRM)and calculate no-load air-gap magnetic field and electromagnetic torque.Iteration method is used to solve the relative permeability of iron core.A novel reluctance network model based on actual distribution of the magnetic flux inside the motor is established.The magnetomotive force(MMF)generated by armature winding affects the relative permeability of iron core,which is considered in the calculation of ERNM to improve the accuracy when the motor is under load.ERNM can be used to measure air-gap flux density,no-load back electromotive force(EMF),the average value of motor torque,the armature winding voltage under load,and power factor.The method of calculating the motor performance is proposed.The results of calculation are consistent with finite element method(FEM)and the computational complexity is much less than that of the FEM.The results of ERNM has been verified,which will provide a simple method for motor design and analysis.
基金supported by the Key Project of Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.KJCX2-YW-N35)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.10775138,11175205)
文摘Thermo-mechanical simulation of the vacuum plasma spraying tungsten （VPS-W） coating on the actively cooled CuCrZr substrate under the relevant quasi-stationary heat load and transient heat flux for tokamak device, is conducted by finite element analysis （FEA）. It is shown that the failure of copper softening is likely to occur at the W/Cu compliant interlayer under a typical quasi-stationary heat load and the surface failure of plastic yield damage to occur at the surface edge under a transient heat flux. In addition, the critical transient heat flux for melting is approximately 0.75 MJ/m2 for about 0.5 ms. All these results are useful for the design of the plasma facing components （PFCs） and the plasma operation in the future.
