The rapid development of high-throughput sequencing techniques has led biology into the big-data era.Data analyses using various bioinformatics tools rely on programming and command-line environments,which are challen...The rapid development of high-throughput sequencing techniques has led biology into the big-data era.Data analyses using various bioinformatics tools rely on programming and command-line environments,which are challenging and time-consuming for most wet-lab biologists.Here,we present TBtools(a Toolkit for Biologists integrating various biological data-handling tools),a stand-alone software with a userfriendly interface.The toolkit incorporates over 130 functions,which are designed to meet the increasing demand for big-data analyses,ranging from bulk sequence processing to interactive data visualization.A wide variety of graphs can be prepared in TBtools using a new plotting engine("JIGplot")developed to maximize their interactive ability;this engine allows quick point-and-click modification of almost every graphic feature.TBtools is platform-independent software that can be run under all operating systems with Java Runtime Environment 1.6 or newer.It is freely available to non-commercial users at https://github.com/CJ-Chen/TBtools/releases.展开更多
In this paper, general modular theorems are obtained for meromorphic functions and their derivatives. The related criteria for normality of families of meromorphic functions are proved.
WRKYgenee encode transcription factors that are Involved In the regulation of various biological processes. These zinc-finger proteins, especially those members mediating stress responses, are uniquely expanded In pla...WRKYgenee encode transcription factors that are Involved In the regulation of various biological processes. These zinc-finger proteins, especially those members mediating stress responses, are uniquely expanded In plants. To facilitate the study of the evolutionary history and functions of this eupergene family, we performed an exhaustive search for WRKY genes using HMMER and a Hidden Markov Model that was specifically trained for rice. This work resulted In a comprehensive list of WRKYgene models In Oryza sativa L. eep. indica and L. eep. Japonica. Mapping of these genes to Individual chromosomes facilitated elimination of the redundant, leading to the Identification of 98 WRKYgenee In Japonica and 102 In indica rice. These genes were further categorized according to the number and structure of their zinc-finger domains. Based on a phylogenetlc tree of the conserved WRKY domains and the graphic display of WRKY loci on corresponding indica and Japonica chromosomes, we Identified possible WRKY gene duplications within, and losses between the two closely related rice subspecies. Also reviewed are the roles of WRKY genes In disease resistance and responses to salicylic acid and Jaemonlc acid, seed development and germination mediated by glbberelllns, other developmental processes Including senescence, and responses to ablotlc stresses and abeclelc acid In rice and other plants. The signaling pathways mediating WRKY gene expreeelon are also discussed.展开更多
基金This work was funded by the National Key Research and Developmental Program of China(2018YFD1000104)This work is also supported by awards to R.X.,Y.H.,and H.C.from the National Key Research and Developmental Program of China(2017YFD0101702,2018YFD1000500,2019YFD1000500)+4 种基金the National Science Foundation of China(#31872063)the Special Support Program of Guangdong Province(2019TX05N193)the Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province(2018B020202011)the Guangzhou Science and Technology Key Project(201804020063)Support to M.H.F.comes from the NSF Faculty Early Career Development Program(IOS-1942437).
文摘The rapid development of high-throughput sequencing techniques has led biology into the big-data era.Data analyses using various bioinformatics tools rely on programming and command-line environments,which are challenging and time-consuming for most wet-lab biologists.Here,we present TBtools(a Toolkit for Biologists integrating various biological data-handling tools),a stand-alone software with a userfriendly interface.The toolkit incorporates over 130 functions,which are designed to meet the increasing demand for big-data analyses,ranging from bulk sequence processing to interactive data visualization.A wide variety of graphs can be prepared in TBtools using a new plotting engine("JIGplot")developed to maximize their interactive ability;this engine allows quick point-and-click modification of almost every graphic feature.TBtools is platform-independent software that can be run under all operating systems with Java Runtime Environment 1.6 or newer.It is freely available to non-commercial users at https://github.com/CJ-Chen/TBtools/releases.
文摘In this paper, general modular theorems are obtained for meromorphic functions and their derivatives. The related criteria for normality of families of meromorphic functions are proved.
基金Supported by the National Center for Research Resources （NCRR） （P20 RR 016464）, a component of the National Institutes of Health （NIH）, Its contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of NCRR or NIH. Publication of this paper is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （30624808）. Acknowledgements The authors thank two former members of our laboratory namely Drs Zhonglin Zhang and Zhen Xie, for stimulating discussions and their contributions in preparing Figure 4 and compiling information for the biological functions of WRKYgenes. Dr Zhang is currently a postdoctoral fellow in Duke and Dr Xie is a postdoctoral fellow in Harvard.
文摘WRKYgenee encode transcription factors that are Involved In the regulation of various biological processes. These zinc-finger proteins, especially those members mediating stress responses, are uniquely expanded In plants. To facilitate the study of the evolutionary history and functions of this eupergene family, we performed an exhaustive search for WRKY genes using HMMER and a Hidden Markov Model that was specifically trained for rice. This work resulted In a comprehensive list of WRKYgene models In Oryza sativa L. eep. indica and L. eep. Japonica. Mapping of these genes to Individual chromosomes facilitated elimination of the redundant, leading to the Identification of 98 WRKYgenee In Japonica and 102 In indica rice. These genes were further categorized according to the number and structure of their zinc-finger domains. Based on a phylogenetlc tree of the conserved WRKY domains and the graphic display of WRKY loci on corresponding indica and Japonica chromosomes, we Identified possible WRKY gene duplications within, and losses between the two closely related rice subspecies. Also reviewed are the roles of WRKY genes In disease resistance and responses to salicylic acid and Jaemonlc acid, seed development and germination mediated by glbberelllns, other developmental processes Including senescence, and responses to ablotlc stresses and abeclelc acid In rice and other plants. The signaling pathways mediating WRKY gene expreeelon are also discussed.
