The reference values of serum perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) concentrations were evaluated based on the human blood samples collected from Kashi, Xinjiang. And human serum samples of fa...The reference values of serum perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) concentrations were evaluated based on the human blood samples collected from Kashi, Xinjiang. And human serum samples of family members from Liaoning were evaluated for levels of PFOS and PFOA with the purpose to compare exposure pathways for family members. Among the 110 blood specimens from Kashi, the detection frequency of PFOS and PFOA was 93% and 6%, respectively. Reference values of serum PFOS, evaluated as the 90th percentiles of the concentrations, were determined to be 6.44 μg/L. Significant positive correlations were observed for serum levels of PFOS and PFOA among family members in Liaoning. Specially, stronger correlation between mother and offspring was observed than that between father and offspring. And stronger correlation of serum PFOS and PFOA levels was observed among fam- ily members in rural areas than those in big and small-medium cities. Difference in the association of serum PFOS and PFOA level among family members suggested that exposure in the outdoor and working environment of different oc- cupations should be evaluated. Present study provides reference values for exposure assessment in China and potential pathways of human exposure to PFOS and PFOA.展开更多
Background:Natural ecosystems provide necessary services for human beings,including ecosystem service values(ESVs)and socioeconomic service values(SSVs).The value orientations of ESVs and SSVs are mainly related to pe...Background:Natural ecosystems provide necessary services for human beings,including ecosystem service values(ESVs)and socioeconomic service values(SSVs).The value orientations of ESVs and SSVs are mainly related to people’s interaction with nature.This study reclassified greenspace from a perspective of exposed and non-exposed greenspace based on the level of interaction by people and greenspace.We applied an expert questionnaire to survey the SSVs value orientations of forestland,grassland,wetland,and water bodies,and quantitatively compared the value orientations between the ESVs and SSVs of greenspace in China.Result:(1)The values of exposed greenspace were relatively far higher than nonexposed greenspace,as it had both ESVs and SSVs.(2)The forestland and grassland had relatively high ESVs and SSVs,and are the priority for both the exposed and non-exposed greenspace.(3)Wetland had relatively high ESVs but low SSVs,which was unpopular for exposed greenspace.(4)The ESVs and SSVs of water body were relatively balanced.Conclusion:Greenspace had both ESVs and SSVs when they are exposed to human.Our study provided an innovative perspective to explore the value orientations of greenspace,which provides an actionable scientific basis for greenspace planning,design and construction in human habitat.展开更多
文摘The reference values of serum perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) concentrations were evaluated based on the human blood samples collected from Kashi, Xinjiang. And human serum samples of family members from Liaoning were evaluated for levels of PFOS and PFOA with the purpose to compare exposure pathways for family members. Among the 110 blood specimens from Kashi, the detection frequency of PFOS and PFOA was 93% and 6%, respectively. Reference values of serum PFOS, evaluated as the 90th percentiles of the concentrations, were determined to be 6.44 μg/L. Significant positive correlations were observed for serum levels of PFOS and PFOA among family members in Liaoning. Specially, stronger correlation between mother and offspring was observed than that between father and offspring. And stronger correlation of serum PFOS and PFOA levels was observed among fam- ily members in rural areas than those in big and small-medium cities. Difference in the association of serum PFOS and PFOA level among family members suggested that exposure in the outdoor and working environment of different oc- cupations should be evaluated. Present study provides reference values for exposure assessment in China and potential pathways of human exposure to PFOS and PFOA.
基金This work was supported by the International Partnership Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(132C35KYSB20200007)the Major Special Project-the China High-Resolution Earth Observation System(30-Y30F06-9003-20/22).
文摘Background:Natural ecosystems provide necessary services for human beings,including ecosystem service values(ESVs)and socioeconomic service values(SSVs).The value orientations of ESVs and SSVs are mainly related to people’s interaction with nature.This study reclassified greenspace from a perspective of exposed and non-exposed greenspace based on the level of interaction by people and greenspace.We applied an expert questionnaire to survey the SSVs value orientations of forestland,grassland,wetland,and water bodies,and quantitatively compared the value orientations between the ESVs and SSVs of greenspace in China.Result:(1)The values of exposed greenspace were relatively far higher than nonexposed greenspace,as it had both ESVs and SSVs.(2)The forestland and grassland had relatively high ESVs and SSVs,and are the priority for both the exposed and non-exposed greenspace.(3)Wetland had relatively high ESVs but low SSVs,which was unpopular for exposed greenspace.(4)The ESVs and SSVs of water body were relatively balanced.Conclusion:Greenspace had both ESVs and SSVs when they are exposed to human.Our study provided an innovative perspective to explore the value orientations of greenspace,which provides an actionable scientific basis for greenspace planning,design and construction in human habitat.
