With the continuous development and progress of economy,people's living standard and culture level have been improved,but with it,there are also various kinds of life stress,study stress and work stress,which make...With the continuous development and progress of economy,people's living standard and culture level have been improved,but with it,there are also various kinds of life stress,study stress and work stress,which make people's mental health problems in life more andmore prominent,and how to improve students'mental health level is the main task of each education stage.The current psychology discipline system has been perfected,including personality psychology and social psychology,which are effectively applied in the actual mental health education or psychological guidance work,and are key disciplines to improve people's mental health.The theoretical system of personality and social psychology consists of three theories:the theory of planned behavior,the theory of explanatory levels,and the theory of self-determination,all of which have an irreplaceable influence on mental health.In this regard,this paper combines relevant literature and work experience to study in depth the influence of personality ansocial psychology on mental health.展开更多
Accurately identifying the dominant factor of karst ecosystem services(ESs)is a prerequisite for the rocky desertification control.However,the explanatory power of environmental factors on the spatial distribution of ...Accurately identifying the dominant factor of karst ecosystem services(ESs)is a prerequisite for the rocky desertification control.However,the explanatory power of environmental factors on the spatial distribution of ESs is affected by scaling,and the quantitative research on the scale effect still needs to be further strengthened.This study used the geographical detector to access the explanatory power of environmental factors on soil erosion and water yield at different spatial resolutions,and then explored its differences in three geomorphological-type areas.Results showed that slope and vegetation coverage were the dominant factors of soil erosion,and the interactive explanatory power between the two factors was stronger.Affected by the universality of topographic relief and landscape fragmentation in the study area,the explanatory power of slope and land use type on soil erosion was optimal at low resolution.Precipitation,elevation,and land use type were the dominant factors for the spatial heterogeneity of water yield,and the interaction between precipitation and land use type explained more than 95%of water yield.The spatial variability of elevation in different geomorphological-type areas affected its optimal explanatory power,specifically,in the terrace and hill-type areas,the spatial variability of elevation was weak,its explanatory power was optimal at high resolution.While in the mountain-type areas,the spatial variability of elevation was strong,and its explanatory power was optimal at low resolution.This study quantitatively identified the optimal explanatory power of ES variables through multi-scale analysis,which aims to provide a way and basis for accurate identification of the dominant factors of karst mountain ESs and zoning optimization.展开更多
Cruise value chain is to take the exchange of cruise products and services as the core in a certain spatial scope,and enterprises with core advantages within or between different industries establish associations in a...Cruise value chain is to take the exchange of cruise products and services as the core in a certain spatial scope,and enterprises with core advantages within or between different industries establish associations in accordance with certain technical and economic conditions,so as to realise the multi-dimensional extension and value appreciation of the cruise value chain in the vertical and horizontal links,and ultimately establish a chain-network type of enterprise strategic alliance.This paper tries to analyse the value-added factors of the cruise industry chain by constructing a multi-level hierarchical structural model with reference to the influencing factor analysis methods of relevant literature-DEMATEL(Decision Making Experiment and Evaluation Experiment)and ISM(Interpretative Structural Model).The study shows that the innovation and scale value-added module in the upstream of the cruise industry chain is the core module of value-added of the whole cruise industry chain,and the value-added mainly originates from the design and manufacturing of cruise ships.The middle reaches of the cruise industry chain are mainly cruise operation enterprises,and the specificity of cruise operation determines that its brand value-added is mainly accomplished through the global layout of multinational corporations,and the cruise brand is able to drive the consumption demand and has value-added ability.The downstream value-added of the cruise industry chain is mainly realised through the increase in profits of cruise tourism service products.展开更多
The five explanatory indicators of the competitiveness of characteristic agriculture are the agricultural science and technology,the cultural quality of agricultural labor force,the agricultural infrastructure,the res...The five explanatory indicators of the competitiveness of characteristic agriculture are the agricultural science and technology,the cultural quality of agricultural labor force,the agricultural infrastructure,the resource endowment,and the agricultural management scale.According to these explanatory indicators,competitiveness of characteristic agriculture is relatively strong in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region of China,which is mainly reflected in the resource advantage,irrigation degree,and road construction level.However,the agricultural technology level,the cultural quality of agricultural labor force,the agricultural mechanization,and the agricultural management scale have relatively poor competitiveness.Therefore,more attention should be paid in these aspects,in order to improve the competitiveness of characteristic agriculture in Guangxi.展开更多
Surface albedo directly affects the radiation balance and surface heat budget,and is a crucial variable in local and global climate research.In this study,the spatial and temporal distribution of the surface albedo is...Surface albedo directly affects the radiation balance and surface heat budget,and is a crucial variable in local and global climate research.In this study,the spatial and temporal distribution of the surface albedo is analysed for Beijing in 2015,and the corresponding individual and interactive driving forces of different explanatory factors are quantitatively assessed based on geographical detectors.The results show that surface albedo is high in the southeast and low in the northwest of Beijing,with the greatest change occurring in winter and the smallest change occurring in spring.The minimum and maximum annual surface albedo values occurred in autumn and winter,respectively,and showed significant spatial and temporal heterogeneity.LULC,NDVI,elevation,slope,temperature,and precipitation each had a significant influence on the spatial pattern of albedo,yielding explanatory power values of 0.537,0.625,0.512,0.531,0.515 and 0.190,respectively.Some explanatory factors have significant differences in influencing the spatial distribution of albedo,and there is significant interaction between them which shows the bivariate enhancement result.Among them,the interaction between LULC and NDVI was the strongest,with a q-statistic of 0.710,while the interaction between temperature and precipitation was the weakest,with a q-statistic of 0.531.The results of this study provide a scientific basis for understanding the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of surface albedo in Beijing and the physical processes of energy modules in regional climate and land surface models.展开更多
Introduction: No study has analyzed the reasons for the difference in HIV prevalence between Ivorian regions ranging from 1.3% in the central-western region to 4.1% in Abidjan among men. Objective: To analyze explanat...Introduction: No study has analyzed the reasons for the difference in HIV prevalence between Ivorian regions ranging from 1.3% in the central-western region to 4.1% in Abidjan among men. Objective: To analyze explanatory factors for the difference in HIV prevalence observed in men in Côte d’Ivoire’s regions. Methodology: Assessment of the relationship between HIV prevalence per region and risk factors explored in the 2012 Côte d’Ivoire Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS). A multivariate analysis was conducted to assess the relationship between HIV prevalence and each variable. Results: The explanatory power of the variation of HIV prevalence between regions was 98%. There was a significant association between HIV prevalence and union (r = −0.38;p = 0.008;95% CI (−0.53 to −0.23)), condom use (r = −0.01;p = 0.19;95% CI (−0.03 to −0.01)), practice of Christian religion (r = −0.1;p = 0.017;95% CI (−0.16 to −0.05)), and schooling (r = −0.01;p = 0.25;95% CI (−0.04 to 0.02)). There was a paradoxical association between HIV prevalence and mean age at first sexual intercourse (r = −0.1;p = 0.017;95% CI (−0.16 to −0.05)) and sexual infections (r = −0.48;p = 0.016;95% CI (−0.75 to −0.22)). Conclusion: The explanatory factors for the difference in HIV prevalence observed in men in the regions of the country were union, condom use, mean age at first sexual intercourse, sexual infection, sexual activity, and multiple sexual partnerships. However, only union and condom use were effective in reducing HIV prevalence by preventing new infections.展开更多
The goal of zero-shot recognition is to classify classes it has never seen before, which needs to build a bridge between seen and unseen classes through semantic embedding space. Therefore, semantic embedding space le...The goal of zero-shot recognition is to classify classes it has never seen before, which needs to build a bridge between seen and unseen classes through semantic embedding space. Therefore, semantic embedding space learning plays an important role in zero-shot recognition. Among existing works, semantic embedding space is mainly taken by user-defined attribute vectors. However, the discriminative information included in the user-defined attribute vector is limited. In this paper, we propose to learn an extra latent attribute space automatically to produce a more generalized and discriminative semantic embedded space. To prevent the bias problem, both user-defined attribute vector and latent attribute space are optimized by adversarial learning with auto-encoders. We also propose to reconstruct semantic patterns produced by explanatory graphs, which can make semantic embedding space more sensitive to usefully semantic information and less sensitive to useless information. The proposed method is evaluated on the AwA2 and CUB dataset. These results show that our proposed method achieves superior performance.展开更多
The aim of this paper is to examine the causes of road accidents in Cameroon. The Douala-Yaoundé highway was chosen as the case of study. Available field data recorded from the year 2006 to 2011, have enabled the...The aim of this paper is to examine the causes of road accidents in Cameroon. The Douala-Yaoundé highway was chosen as the case of study. Available field data recorded from the year 2006 to 2011, have enabled the analysis of each accident. The method used here is the factorial correspondence analysis;which aims to bring in a small number of dimensions, most of the initial </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">information, focusing not on the absolute values, but the correspondence between t</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">he variables, that is to say the relative values. From this analysis, it appears that, of the 906 accidents recorded during this period, top five causes account for nearly 83% of the information provided by the set of variables on the occurrence of road accidents. These causes are: driver inattention, lack of control, over speeding, improper overtaking and tire puncture. These results </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">require involvement in the construction of road safety policies through training,</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> sensitization and adequate repressions as well as administrative reforms and research policy in road safety.展开更多
Background:The Brief COPE instrument has been utilized to conduct research on various populations,including people living with HIV(PLWH).However,the questionnaire constructs when applied to PLWH have not been subjecte...Background:The Brief COPE instrument has been utilized to conduct research on various populations,including people living with HIV(PLWH).However,the questionnaire constructs when applied to PLWH have not been subjected to thorough factor validation.Methods:A total of 258 PLWH were recruited from two provinces of China.They answered questions involving the scales of three instruments:the Brief COPE,the Perceived Social Support Scale,and the Perceived Discrimination Scale for PLWH.Confirmatory factor analysis(CFA)and exploratory factor analysis(EFA)were conducted.Results:The CFA found a poor goodness of fit to the data.The subsequent EFA identified six preliminary factors,forming subscales with Cronbach’s alphas,which ranged from 0.61 to 0.80.Significant correlation coefficients between the subscales and measures of perceived social support and perceived discrimination were reported,giving preliminary support to the validity of the new empirical factor structure.Conclusion:This study showed that the original factor structure of the Brief COPE instrument,when applied to PLWH in China,did not fit the data.Thus,the Brief COPE should be applied to various populations and cultures with caution.The new factor structure established by the EFA is only preliminary and requires further validation.展开更多
Male pattern baldness or androgenic alopecia is a great problem for many individuals’ especially young people. A100 is composed of two active ingredients, a pollen extract and pentane-1,5-diol. The pollen extract pro...Male pattern baldness or androgenic alopecia is a great problem for many individuals’ especially young people. A100 is composed of two active ingredients, a pollen extract and pentane-1,5-diol. The pollen extract provides a source of natural nutrients and pentane-1,5-diol acts as a solvent to unplug the hair follicle as well as acts as an enhancer for uptake of nutrients. Other components are claimed to increase blood flow to the hair papilla. A100 has been effective in earlier studies. The aim of this open explanatory study was to investigate the effect of 4 months twice daily application with this commercial pollen gel, A100, in subjects with male androgenic alopecia. Twenty male subjects, between 18 and 40 years with androgenic alopecia were included. A100 gel was applied to the area of the scalp with poor hair growth twice daily for 4 months. The subjects were seen at the start of treatment and then every month. Sixteen subjects fulfilled the whole 4 months of treatment and 2 fulfilled 3 months of treatment. A statistically significant increase in number of hairs was seen after 4 months of treatment with A100 (p < 0.001). This effect was seen for all types of hair. Fifty-six percent of the 16 subjects who fulfilled the 4 months treatment had an increase in hair growth of more than 50%, and 31% had an increase over 100%. No side effects were seen and the subjects found A100 gel a cosmetically attractive treatment. A100 was in this explanatory study an effective and safe treatment for androgenic alopecia or male pattern baldness.展开更多
Shared Explanatory Models (EM) of High Blood Pressure (HBP)/Hypertension (HTN) were explored using systematic data collection and analysis methods from cognitive anthropology. Older adults who were members of a Medica...Shared Explanatory Models (EM) of High Blood Pressure (HBP)/Hypertension (HTN) were explored using systematic data collection and analysis methods from cognitive anthropology. Older adults who were members of a Medicare HMO in Los Angeles were asked to list all the illnesses experienced by older adults that they could recall, and those listing HBP or HTN were asked to further list and discuss its symptoms, causes, treatments and prevention. Responses were tape recorded, transcribed, and analyzed to develop a systematic “sentence completion by card sort” follow-up procedure. Consensus Analysis (CA) of the systematically collected data identified shared EM for HBP/HTN. The model presented here is similar to models of HBP/HTN described by researchers working with patients from different regions and different ethnic groups, suggesting that there is a widely shared lay or popular model for this disease. Stress, lifestyle (diet, exercise, weight, and substance use), heredity and aging are thought to be the major causes of HBP/HTN. Physicians are thought to be the appropriate source of care, as HTN/HBP is serious, life threatening, and potentially disabling. The study of cultural understandings and shared EM of disease has direct relevance for clinical practice and public health education. For a disease such as HTN/HBP, knowing where and how such explanations differ systematically between patients and clinicians, and what impact this may have on patterns of adherence to prescribed treatment is a crucial area of concern.展开更多
This dissertation describes four types of different usages of numerals between English and Chinese and three strategies for translation on numerals, namely, literal translation, free translation and explanatory transl...This dissertation describes four types of different usages of numerals between English and Chinese and three strategies for translation on numerals, namely, literal translation, free translation and explanatory translation.展开更多
Systematic data collection and analysis techniques were used in Los Angeles to discover older adults’ shared explanatory models (EM) of the causes, prevention, symptoms, treatment and consequences of late life illnes...Systematic data collection and analysis techniques were used in Los Angeles to discover older adults’ shared explanatory models (EM) of the causes, prevention, symptoms, treatment and consequences of late life illnesses, including influenza and the common cold. Recorded narratives also were analyzed to illustrate similarities and differences in shared cultural knowledge of these illnesses. Consensus analyses results suggest that shared EM of influenza and the common cold are similar. Participants identified both illnesses as contagious, caused or exacerbated by bad weather, but not the result of lifestyle, aging or heredity. Other shared cultural knowledge includes that both illnesses can be treated with home remedies, over-the-counter medications and medical care;both illnesses cause discomfort but are not serious, life-threatening or disabling. Despite the similarities and the apparent merging of the two illnesses in popular thought, many older adults do distinguish them, based on symptom patterns and severity, as revealed in their transcribed narratives. Consistent with other studies, participants attribute gastrointestinal symptoms to influenza but not to colds. They do not understand the potential role of lifestyle, age and chronic conditions in etiology and onset, and they are not concerned with their vulnerability to the potential sequelae of influenza. Public health education explaining the effects of lifestyle on susceptibility and vulnerability to the flu, how to distinguish and appropriately treat colds and the flu, and when to contact physicians, is recommended for older adults. Mixed method studies can prove useful at the planning stages of such interventions.展开更多
In this study, the mathematical models of dynamics of student populations in the university departments are formulated. As a case study, we employ the data of registration section from Department of Mathematics, Facul...In this study, the mathematical models of dynamics of student populations in the university departments are formulated. As a case study, we employ the data of registration section from Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Applied Science, King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok (KMUTNB), Thailand, from calendar year 2006 to 2010. Using regression analysis, descriptive model and explanatory model are derived. The descriptive model is linear with R2 = 0.8864. Using log-transformation, the explanatory model gives the nonlinear approximation with R2 = 0.8293. The model predicts that the number of students of Department of Mathematics, KMUTNB has a tendency to linearly increase with slope of 20 with 95% CI (6.8417, 33.1583). The application of the models in educational management is discussed.展开更多
文摘With the continuous development and progress of economy,people's living standard and culture level have been improved,but with it,there are also various kinds of life stress,study stress and work stress,which make people's mental health problems in life more andmore prominent,and how to improve students'mental health level is the main task of each education stage.The current psychology discipline system has been perfected,including personality psychology and social psychology,which are effectively applied in the actual mental health education or psychological guidance work,and are key disciplines to improve people's mental health.The theoretical system of personality and social psychology consists of three theories:the theory of planned behavior,the theory of explanatory levels,and the theory of self-determination,all of which have an irreplaceable influence on mental health.In this regard,this paper combines relevant literature and work experience to study in depth the influence of personality ansocial psychology on mental health.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.42071288,No.41671098The Programme of Kezhen-Bingwei Excellent Young Scientists of the Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,No.2020RC002。
文摘Accurately identifying the dominant factor of karst ecosystem services(ESs)is a prerequisite for the rocky desertification control.However,the explanatory power of environmental factors on the spatial distribution of ESs is affected by scaling,and the quantitative research on the scale effect still needs to be further strengthened.This study used the geographical detector to access the explanatory power of environmental factors on soil erosion and water yield at different spatial resolutions,and then explored its differences in three geomorphological-type areas.Results showed that slope and vegetation coverage were the dominant factors of soil erosion,and the interactive explanatory power between the two factors was stronger.Affected by the universality of topographic relief and landscape fragmentation in the study area,the explanatory power of slope and land use type on soil erosion was optimal at low resolution.Precipitation,elevation,and land use type were the dominant factors for the spatial heterogeneity of water yield,and the interaction between precipitation and land use type explained more than 95%of water yield.The spatial variability of elevation in different geomorphological-type areas affected its optimal explanatory power,specifically,in the terrace and hill-type areas,the spatial variability of elevation was weak,its explanatory power was optimal at high resolution.While in the mountain-type areas,the spatial variability of elevation was strong,and its explanatory power was optimal at low resolution.This study quantitatively identified the optimal explanatory power of ES variables through multi-scale analysis,which aims to provide a way and basis for accurate identification of the dominant factors of karst mountain ESs and zoning optimization.
基金Tropical Ocean University 2023 Provincial Key Discipline Construction Project-Business Administration.Project of the National Social Science Foundation:Research on the Cooperation Mechanism and Realisation Path for the Cooperative Development of the Cruise Industry in the Countries Surrounding the South China Sea(19XJY001)Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Culture and Tourism on Data Mining,Monitoring and Early Warning Technology for Island Tourism Resources(KLITRDMM 2022-15).
文摘Cruise value chain is to take the exchange of cruise products and services as the core in a certain spatial scope,and enterprises with core advantages within or between different industries establish associations in accordance with certain technical and economic conditions,so as to realise the multi-dimensional extension and value appreciation of the cruise value chain in the vertical and horizontal links,and ultimately establish a chain-network type of enterprise strategic alliance.This paper tries to analyse the value-added factors of the cruise industry chain by constructing a multi-level hierarchical structural model with reference to the influencing factor analysis methods of relevant literature-DEMATEL(Decision Making Experiment and Evaluation Experiment)and ISM(Interpretative Structural Model).The study shows that the innovation and scale value-added module in the upstream of the cruise industry chain is the core module of value-added of the whole cruise industry chain,and the value-added mainly originates from the design and manufacturing of cruise ships.The middle reaches of the cruise industry chain are mainly cruise operation enterprises,and the specificity of cruise operation determines that its brand value-added is mainly accomplished through the global layout of multinational corporations,and the cruise brand is able to drive the consumption demand and has value-added ability.The downstream value-added of the cruise industry chain is mainly realised through the increase in profits of cruise tourism service products.
基金Supported by the 2010 Guangxi Ministry of Education Foundation (201010LX411)the 2010 Scientific Research Project of Guangxi University of Finance and Economics(2010A01)
文摘The five explanatory indicators of the competitiveness of characteristic agriculture are the agricultural science and technology,the cultural quality of agricultural labor force,the agricultural infrastructure,the resource endowment,and the agricultural management scale.According to these explanatory indicators,competitiveness of characteristic agriculture is relatively strong in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region of China,which is mainly reflected in the resource advantage,irrigation degree,and road construction level.However,the agricultural technology level,the cultural quality of agricultural labor force,the agricultural mechanization,and the agricultural management scale have relatively poor competitiveness.Therefore,more attention should be paid in these aspects,in order to improve the competitiveness of characteristic agriculture in Guangxi.
基金The Major Project of High Resolution Earth Observation System(06-Y30F04-9001-2022)The National Natural Science Foundation of China(41471423)。
文摘Surface albedo directly affects the radiation balance and surface heat budget,and is a crucial variable in local and global climate research.In this study,the spatial and temporal distribution of the surface albedo is analysed for Beijing in 2015,and the corresponding individual and interactive driving forces of different explanatory factors are quantitatively assessed based on geographical detectors.The results show that surface albedo is high in the southeast and low in the northwest of Beijing,with the greatest change occurring in winter and the smallest change occurring in spring.The minimum and maximum annual surface albedo values occurred in autumn and winter,respectively,and showed significant spatial and temporal heterogeneity.LULC,NDVI,elevation,slope,temperature,and precipitation each had a significant influence on the spatial pattern of albedo,yielding explanatory power values of 0.537,0.625,0.512,0.531,0.515 and 0.190,respectively.Some explanatory factors have significant differences in influencing the spatial distribution of albedo,and there is significant interaction between them which shows the bivariate enhancement result.Among them,the interaction between LULC and NDVI was the strongest,with a q-statistic of 0.710,while the interaction between temperature and precipitation was the weakest,with a q-statistic of 0.531.The results of this study provide a scientific basis for understanding the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of surface albedo in Beijing and the physical processes of energy modules in regional climate and land surface models.
文摘Introduction: No study has analyzed the reasons for the difference in HIV prevalence between Ivorian regions ranging from 1.3% in the central-western region to 4.1% in Abidjan among men. Objective: To analyze explanatory factors for the difference in HIV prevalence observed in men in Côte d’Ivoire’s regions. Methodology: Assessment of the relationship between HIV prevalence per region and risk factors explored in the 2012 Côte d’Ivoire Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS). A multivariate analysis was conducted to assess the relationship between HIV prevalence and each variable. Results: The explanatory power of the variation of HIV prevalence between regions was 98%. There was a significant association between HIV prevalence and union (r = −0.38;p = 0.008;95% CI (−0.53 to −0.23)), condom use (r = −0.01;p = 0.19;95% CI (−0.03 to −0.01)), practice of Christian religion (r = −0.1;p = 0.017;95% CI (−0.16 to −0.05)), and schooling (r = −0.01;p = 0.25;95% CI (−0.04 to 0.02)). There was a paradoxical association between HIV prevalence and mean age at first sexual intercourse (r = −0.1;p = 0.017;95% CI (−0.16 to −0.05)) and sexual infections (r = −0.48;p = 0.016;95% CI (−0.75 to −0.22)). Conclusion: The explanatory factors for the difference in HIV prevalence observed in men in the regions of the country were union, condom use, mean age at first sexual intercourse, sexual infection, sexual activity, and multiple sexual partnerships. However, only union and condom use were effective in reducing HIV prevalence by preventing new infections.
文摘The goal of zero-shot recognition is to classify classes it has never seen before, which needs to build a bridge between seen and unseen classes through semantic embedding space. Therefore, semantic embedding space learning plays an important role in zero-shot recognition. Among existing works, semantic embedding space is mainly taken by user-defined attribute vectors. However, the discriminative information included in the user-defined attribute vector is limited. In this paper, we propose to learn an extra latent attribute space automatically to produce a more generalized and discriminative semantic embedded space. To prevent the bias problem, both user-defined attribute vector and latent attribute space are optimized by adversarial learning with auto-encoders. We also propose to reconstruct semantic patterns produced by explanatory graphs, which can make semantic embedding space more sensitive to usefully semantic information and less sensitive to useless information. The proposed method is evaluated on the AwA2 and CUB dataset. These results show that our proposed method achieves superior performance.
文摘The aim of this paper is to examine the causes of road accidents in Cameroon. The Douala-Yaoundé highway was chosen as the case of study. Available field data recorded from the year 2006 to 2011, have enabled the analysis of each accident. The method used here is the factorial correspondence analysis;which aims to bring in a small number of dimensions, most of the initial </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">information, focusing not on the absolute values, but the correspondence between t</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">he variables, that is to say the relative values. From this analysis, it appears that, of the 906 accidents recorded during this period, top five causes account for nearly 83% of the information provided by the set of variables on the occurrence of road accidents. These causes are: driver inattention, lack of control, over speeding, improper overtaking and tire puncture. These results </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">require involvement in the construction of road safety policies through training,</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> sensitization and adequate repressions as well as administrative reforms and research policy in road safety.
文摘Background:The Brief COPE instrument has been utilized to conduct research on various populations,including people living with HIV(PLWH).However,the questionnaire constructs when applied to PLWH have not been subjected to thorough factor validation.Methods:A total of 258 PLWH were recruited from two provinces of China.They answered questions involving the scales of three instruments:the Brief COPE,the Perceived Social Support Scale,and the Perceived Discrimination Scale for PLWH.Confirmatory factor analysis(CFA)and exploratory factor analysis(EFA)were conducted.Results:The CFA found a poor goodness of fit to the data.The subsequent EFA identified six preliminary factors,forming subscales with Cronbach’s alphas,which ranged from 0.61 to 0.80.Significant correlation coefficients between the subscales and measures of perceived social support and perceived discrimination were reported,giving preliminary support to the validity of the new empirical factor structure.Conclusion:This study showed that the original factor structure of the Brief COPE instrument,when applied to PLWH in China,did not fit the data.Thus,the Brief COPE should be applied to various populations and cultures with caution.The new factor structure established by the EFA is only preliminary and requires further validation.
文摘Male pattern baldness or androgenic alopecia is a great problem for many individuals’ especially young people. A100 is composed of two active ingredients, a pollen extract and pentane-1,5-diol. The pollen extract provides a source of natural nutrients and pentane-1,5-diol acts as a solvent to unplug the hair follicle as well as acts as an enhancer for uptake of nutrients. Other components are claimed to increase blood flow to the hair papilla. A100 has been effective in earlier studies. The aim of this open explanatory study was to investigate the effect of 4 months twice daily application with this commercial pollen gel, A100, in subjects with male androgenic alopecia. Twenty male subjects, between 18 and 40 years with androgenic alopecia were included. A100 gel was applied to the area of the scalp with poor hair growth twice daily for 4 months. The subjects were seen at the start of treatment and then every month. Sixteen subjects fulfilled the whole 4 months of treatment and 2 fulfilled 3 months of treatment. A statistically significant increase in number of hairs was seen after 4 months of treatment with A100 (p < 0.001). This effect was seen for all types of hair. Fifty-six percent of the 16 subjects who fulfilled the 4 months treatment had an increase in hair growth of more than 50%, and 31% had an increase over 100%. No side effects were seen and the subjects found A100 gel a cosmetically attractive treatment. A100 was in this explanatory study an effective and safe treatment for androgenic alopecia or male pattern baldness.
文摘Shared Explanatory Models (EM) of High Blood Pressure (HBP)/Hypertension (HTN) were explored using systematic data collection and analysis methods from cognitive anthropology. Older adults who were members of a Medicare HMO in Los Angeles were asked to list all the illnesses experienced by older adults that they could recall, and those listing HBP or HTN were asked to further list and discuss its symptoms, causes, treatments and prevention. Responses were tape recorded, transcribed, and analyzed to develop a systematic “sentence completion by card sort” follow-up procedure. Consensus Analysis (CA) of the systematically collected data identified shared EM for HBP/HTN. The model presented here is similar to models of HBP/HTN described by researchers working with patients from different regions and different ethnic groups, suggesting that there is a widely shared lay or popular model for this disease. Stress, lifestyle (diet, exercise, weight, and substance use), heredity and aging are thought to be the major causes of HBP/HTN. Physicians are thought to be the appropriate source of care, as HTN/HBP is serious, life threatening, and potentially disabling. The study of cultural understandings and shared EM of disease has direct relevance for clinical practice and public health education. For a disease such as HTN/HBP, knowing where and how such explanations differ systematically between patients and clinicians, and what impact this may have on patterns of adherence to prescribed treatment is a crucial area of concern.
文摘This dissertation describes four types of different usages of numerals between English and Chinese and three strategies for translation on numerals, namely, literal translation, free translation and explanatory translation.
文摘Systematic data collection and analysis techniques were used in Los Angeles to discover older adults’ shared explanatory models (EM) of the causes, prevention, symptoms, treatment and consequences of late life illnesses, including influenza and the common cold. Recorded narratives also were analyzed to illustrate similarities and differences in shared cultural knowledge of these illnesses. Consensus analyses results suggest that shared EM of influenza and the common cold are similar. Participants identified both illnesses as contagious, caused or exacerbated by bad weather, but not the result of lifestyle, aging or heredity. Other shared cultural knowledge includes that both illnesses can be treated with home remedies, over-the-counter medications and medical care;both illnesses cause discomfort but are not serious, life-threatening or disabling. Despite the similarities and the apparent merging of the two illnesses in popular thought, many older adults do distinguish them, based on symptom patterns and severity, as revealed in their transcribed narratives. Consistent with other studies, participants attribute gastrointestinal symptoms to influenza but not to colds. They do not understand the potential role of lifestyle, age and chronic conditions in etiology and onset, and they are not concerned with their vulnerability to the potential sequelae of influenza. Public health education explaining the effects of lifestyle on susceptibility and vulnerability to the flu, how to distinguish and appropriately treat colds and the flu, and when to contact physicians, is recommended for older adults. Mixed method studies can prove useful at the planning stages of such interventions.
文摘In this study, the mathematical models of dynamics of student populations in the university departments are formulated. As a case study, we employ the data of registration section from Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Applied Science, King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok (KMUTNB), Thailand, from calendar year 2006 to 2010. Using regression analysis, descriptive model and explanatory model are derived. The descriptive model is linear with R2 = 0.8864. Using log-transformation, the explanatory model gives the nonlinear approximation with R2 = 0.8293. The model predicts that the number of students of Department of Mathematics, KMUTNB has a tendency to linearly increase with slope of 20 with 95% CI (6.8417, 33.1583). The application of the models in educational management is discussed.
