为了明确新烟碱类和大环内酯类杀虫剂对天敌赤眼蜂Trichogramma spp.的影响,在室内采用药膜法测定了其对稻螟赤眼蜂Trichogramma japonicum Ashmead、亚洲玉米螟赤眼蜂Trichogramma ostriniae Pang et Chen、拟澳洲赤眼蜂Trichogrammaco...为了明确新烟碱类和大环内酯类杀虫剂对天敌赤眼蜂Trichogramma spp.的影响,在室内采用药膜法测定了其对稻螟赤眼蜂Trichogramma japonicum Ashmead、亚洲玉米螟赤眼蜂Trichogramma ostriniae Pang et Chen、拟澳洲赤眼蜂TrichogrammaconfusumViggiani和广赤眼蜂Trichogramma evanescens Westwood成蜂的急性毒性,并进行了安全性评价。急性毒性测定结果表明:在测定的新烟碱类药剂中,噻虫嗪对拟澳洲赤眼蜂和稻螟赤眼蜂表现出最高的急性毒性,其LC50分别为0.24(0.21～0.27)和0.40(0.37～0.44)mga.i./L;其次为烯啶虫胺,该药剂对上述两种赤眼蜂的LC50分别为0.83(0.74～0.96)和0.72(0.65～0.80)mga.i./L;而吡虫啉对亚洲玉米螟赤眼蜂和拟澳洲赤眼蜂的毒性最低,其LC50分别为502.13(459.80～549.62)和752.62(687.51～828.63)mga.i./L。在测定的大环内酯类药剂中,阿维菌素对稻螟赤眼蜂的急性毒性最高,其LC50为0.49(0.46～0.65)mga.i./L,而甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐对拟澳洲赤眼蜂表现出最低的急性毒性,其LC50为21.76(19.59～24.40)mga.i./L。安全性评价结果表明,吡虫啉、啶虫脒、氯噻啉和甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐对4种赤眼蜂为低风险～中等风险性,安全性系数为0.57～23.54;噻虫啉和依维菌素对4种赤眼蜂却为中等风险～高风险性,安全性系数为0.16～3.45;而烯啶虫胺、噻虫嗪和阿维菌素对4种赤眼蜂为高风险～极高风险性,安全性系数为0.01～0.15。本研究测定的大部分杀虫剂对赤眼蜂都有一定的急性毒性风险。因此,在害虫综合治理中应谨慎使用新烟碱类和大环内酯类杀虫剂尤其是烯啶虫胺、噻虫嗪和阿维菌素,以免造成对赤眼蜂的大量杀伤。展开更多
Egg parasitoids are known to use a wide range of chemicals, emitted by plants, host eggs or adults, for host selection. The effect of the sex pheromone components of the lepidopteran olive pests Prays oleae （Lepidopt...Egg parasitoids are known to use a wide range of chemicals, emitted by plants, host eggs or adults, for host selection. The effect of the sex pheromone components of the lepidopteran olive pests Prays oleae （Lepidoptera： Yponomeutidae） and Palpita unionalis （Lepidoptera： Pyralidae） was studied under laboratory conditions, on the foraging behaviour of the egg parasitoid Trichogramma oleae （Hymenoptera： Trichogrammatidae）. The re- sponse of T. oleae wasps to （Z）-7-tetradecenal and （E）-1 l-hexadecenal, major sex phero- mone components ofP. oleae and P. unionalis respectively, depended on the dose of the pheromone used in a Y-tube olfactometer bioassay. （E）-11-hexadecenal elicited maximum attraction （70%） at a dose of 1 pg, while a dose of 100 pg （Z）-7-tetradecenal attracted 80% of the tested wasps. （E）-11-hexadecenyl acetate, the second sex pheromone component of P. unionalis, and the binary blend of（E）-i 1-hexadecenyl acetate： （E）-11-hexadecenal （7：3） were not attractive at these doses. The results of this research are discussed in view that they may be considered as alternatives in the biological control of these pests.展开更多
文摘为了明确新烟碱类和大环内酯类杀虫剂对天敌赤眼蜂Trichogramma spp.的影响,在室内采用药膜法测定了其对稻螟赤眼蜂Trichogramma japonicum Ashmead、亚洲玉米螟赤眼蜂Trichogramma ostriniae Pang et Chen、拟澳洲赤眼蜂TrichogrammaconfusumViggiani和广赤眼蜂Trichogramma evanescens Westwood成蜂的急性毒性,并进行了安全性评价。急性毒性测定结果表明:在测定的新烟碱类药剂中,噻虫嗪对拟澳洲赤眼蜂和稻螟赤眼蜂表现出最高的急性毒性,其LC50分别为0.24(0.21～0.27)和0.40(0.37～0.44)mga.i./L;其次为烯啶虫胺,该药剂对上述两种赤眼蜂的LC50分别为0.83(0.74～0.96)和0.72(0.65～0.80)mga.i./L;而吡虫啉对亚洲玉米螟赤眼蜂和拟澳洲赤眼蜂的毒性最低,其LC50分别为502.13(459.80～549.62)和752.62(687.51～828.63)mga.i./L。在测定的大环内酯类药剂中,阿维菌素对稻螟赤眼蜂的急性毒性最高,其LC50为0.49(0.46～0.65)mga.i./L,而甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐对拟澳洲赤眼蜂表现出最低的急性毒性,其LC50为21.76(19.59～24.40)mga.i./L。安全性评价结果表明,吡虫啉、啶虫脒、氯噻啉和甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐对4种赤眼蜂为低风险～中等风险性,安全性系数为0.57～23.54;噻虫啉和依维菌素对4种赤眼蜂却为中等风险～高风险性,安全性系数为0.16～3.45;而烯啶虫胺、噻虫嗪和阿维菌素对4种赤眼蜂为高风险～极高风险性,安全性系数为0.01～0.15。本研究测定的大部分杀虫剂对赤眼蜂都有一定的急性毒性风险。因此,在害虫综合治理中应谨慎使用新烟碱类和大环内酯类杀虫剂尤其是烯啶虫胺、噻虫嗪和阿维菌素,以免造成对赤眼蜂的大量杀伤。
文摘Egg parasitoids are known to use a wide range of chemicals, emitted by plants, host eggs or adults, for host selection. The effect of the sex pheromone components of the lepidopteran olive pests Prays oleae （Lepidoptera： Yponomeutidae） and Palpita unionalis （Lepidoptera： Pyralidae） was studied under laboratory conditions, on the foraging behaviour of the egg parasitoid Trichogramma oleae （Hymenoptera： Trichogrammatidae）. The re- sponse of T. oleae wasps to （Z）-7-tetradecenal and （E）-1 l-hexadecenal, major sex phero- mone components ofP. oleae and P. unionalis respectively, depended on the dose of the pheromone used in a Y-tube olfactometer bioassay. （E）-11-hexadecenal elicited maximum attraction （70%） at a dose of 1 pg, while a dose of 100 pg （Z）-7-tetradecenal attracted 80% of the tested wasps. （E）-11-hexadecenyl acetate, the second sex pheromone component of P. unionalis, and the binary blend of（E）-i 1-hexadecenyl acetate： （E）-11-hexadecenal （7：3） were not attractive at these doses. The results of this research are discussed in view that they may be considered as alternatives in the biological control of these pests.
