摘要
为了明确新烟碱类和大环内酯类杀虫剂对天敌赤眼蜂Trichogramma spp.的影响,在室内采用药膜法测定了其对稻螟赤眼蜂Trichogramma japonicum Ashmead、亚洲玉米螟赤眼蜂Trichogramma ostriniae Pang et Chen、拟澳洲赤眼蜂TrichogrammaconfusumViggiani和广赤眼蜂Trichogramma evanescens Westwood成蜂的急性毒性,并进行了安全性评价。急性毒性测定结果表明:在测定的新烟碱类药剂中,噻虫嗪对拟澳洲赤眼蜂和稻螟赤眼蜂表现出最高的急性毒性,其LC50分别为0.24(0.21～0.27)和0.40(0.37～0.44)mga.i./L;其次为烯啶虫胺,该药剂对上述两种赤眼蜂的LC50分别为0.83(0.74～0.96)和0.72(0.65～0.80)mga.i./L;而吡虫啉对亚洲玉米螟赤眼蜂和拟澳洲赤眼蜂的毒性最低,其LC50分别为502.13(459.80～549.62)和752.62(687.51～828.63)mga.i./L。在测定的大环内酯类药剂中,阿维菌素对稻螟赤眼蜂的急性毒性最高,其LC50为0.49(0.46～0.65)mga.i./L,而甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐对拟澳洲赤眼蜂表现出最低的急性毒性,其LC50为21.76(19.59～24.40)mga.i./L。安全性评价结果表明,吡虫啉、啶虫脒、氯噻啉和甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐对4种赤眼蜂为低风险～中等风险性,安全性系数为0.57～23.54;噻虫啉和依维菌素对4种赤眼蜂却为中等风险～高风险性,安全性系数为0.16～3.45;而烯啶虫胺、噻虫嗪和阿维菌素对4种赤眼蜂为高风险～极高风险性,安全性系数为0.01～0.15。本研究测定的大部分杀虫剂对赤眼蜂都有一定的急性毒性风险。因此,在害虫综合治理中应谨慎使用新烟碱类和大环内酯类杀虫剂尤其是烯啶虫胺、噻虫嗪和阿维菌素,以免造成对赤眼蜂的大量杀伤。
To clarify the side effects of insecticides on trichogrammatid wasps,acute toxicities of neonicotinoids and macrocyclic lactiones to adult Trichogramma japonicum Ashmead,Trichogramma ostriniae Pang et Chen,Trichogramma confusum Viggiani and Trichogramma evanescens Westwood were determined by using the dry film residue method under laboratory conditions,and the safety of these insecticides was also evaluated.Among the neonicotinoids tested,thiamethoxam showed the highest intrinsic toxicity to T.confusum and T.japonicum with the LC50 values of 0.24（0.21-0.27） and 0.40（0.37-0.44） mg a.i./L,respectively.Nitenpyram had the less toxicity to T.confusum and T.japonicum with the LC50 values of 0.83（0.74-0.96） and 0.72（0.65-0.80） mg a.i./L,respectively.Imidacloprid exhibited the least toxicity to T.ostriniae and T.confusum with the LC50 values of 502.13（459.80-549.62） and 752.62（687.51-828.63） mg a.i./L,respectively.Among the macrocyclic lactiones selected,abamectin showed the highest toxicity to T.japonicum with the LC50 of 0.49（0.46-0.65） mg a.i./L,whereas emamectin benzoate had the lowest toxicity to T.confusum with the LC50 of 21.76（19.59-24.40） mg a.i./L.Results of safety evaluation showed that imidacloprid,acetamiprid,imidaclothiz and emamectin benzoate were classified as low to moderate risk with the safety factor of 0.57-23.54,and thiacloprid and ivermectin were ranked as moderate to high risk with the safety factor of 0.16-3.45,while nitenpyram,thiamethoxam and abamectin were classified as high to extremely high risk with the safety factor of 0.01-0.15.Most of the insecticides here tested have the potential risk of acute toxicity,so the use of neonicotinoids and macrocyclic lactiones,especially for nitenpyram,thiamethoxam and abamectin,should be evaluated carefully in integrated pest management（IPM） programs for avoiding serious damages to trichogrammatid wasps.
出处
《昆虫学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2012年第1期36-45,共10页
Acta Entomologica Sinica
基金
科技部国际合作项目(S2010GR0905)
国家“863”计划项目(2011AA100806)
浙江省农业科学院与中国科学院合作项目
浙江省农业科学院农产品质量标准研究所所选项目
关键词
赤眼蜂
杀虫剂
新烟碱类
大环内酯类
毒副作用
卵寄生蜂
急性毒性
安全性评估
Trichogramma spp.
insecticides
neonicotinoids
macrocyclic lactiones
toxic side effects
egg parasitoids
acute toxicity
safety evaluation
