The EC analysis and water serial sampling was performed in the Tarim Desert Highway shelterbelt to explore the water and salt dynamics of the shallow aeolian sandy soil ( 0-30cm) under high salinity groundwater drip i...The EC analysis and water serial sampling was performed in the Tarim Desert Highway shelterbelt to explore the water and salt dynamics of the shallow aeolian sandy soil ( 0-30cm) under high salinity groundwater drip irrigation. It was found that in one irrigation cycle, the EC of the shallow shifting aeolian sandy soil ( 0-30cm) increased while the water content decreased. The EC of the surface aeolian sandy soil at the wetting front was far greater than that of the wetting area or the outside of the wetting area. During the irrigation cycle, the EC of the wetting front and the wetting area changed at a significant magnitude, whereas the EC of the outside of the wetting area remained largely steady. The horizontal influence distance of drip irrigation on the salt accumulation at the soil surface was about 100 cm, and the vertical influence depth was 5 cm. The three most abundant ions in the accumulated salt at the aeolian sandy soil surface were Na+, Cl- and SO42-. The salt accumulation at the soil surface was influenced by air temperature, wind speed, mineralization of irrigation water, sand burial thickness, soil texture, and litter content.展开更多
通过田间小区试验和微区试验相结合研究滴灌条件下不同灌溉水盐度、灌水量和施氮量对棉田土壤中氮肥去向的影响。试验设置3种灌溉水盐度(电导率,EC):0.35、4.61和8.04 d S m-1(分别以S0.35、S4.61和S8.04表示);2个灌水量:405和540 mm;...通过田间小区试验和微区试验相结合研究滴灌条件下不同灌溉水盐度、灌水量和施氮量对棉田土壤中氮肥去向的影响。试验设置3种灌溉水盐度(电导率,EC):0.35、4.61和8.04 d S m-1(分别以S0.35、S4.61和S8.04表示);2个灌水量:405和540 mm;同时设置2个施氮水平:240、360 kg hm-2(360 kg hm-2为当地棉田推荐氮肥用量)。结果表明:S0.35和S4.61灌溉处理的棉花氮素吸收量和产量无显著差异,分别较S8.04灌溉处理高出27.46%和33.65%、21.29%和21.63%。灌溉水盐度主要通过影响棉花单株结铃数来影响棉花产量。增加施氮量和灌水量,棉花氮素吸收量和产量均有所增加。15N同位素标记试验结果表明:植物15N回收率在34.20%~62.51%之间,随灌溉水盐度的增加,植物15N回收率呈现先增加后减小的趋势,S0.35、S4.61处理较S8.04处理分别高出30.70%和41.77%;增加灌水量和施氮量可显著提高植物15N回收率。土壤15N残留率随灌溉水盐度的增加而增加,S4.61和S8.04处理的土壤15N残留率较S0.35处理分别高出3.48%和23.22%。施氮量由240 kg hm-2增加至360 kg hm-2,土壤15N残留率增加9.51%。各处理15N淋洗损失率在0.35%~3.59%之间,低施氮量下,S0.35和S4.61处理的15N淋洗损失率无显著差异,S8.04处理的15N淋洗损失率分别较S0.35、S4.61处理高出1.87倍和0.84倍;高施氮量下,15N淋洗损失率随灌溉水盐度的增加而显著增加。增加灌水量和施氮量,15N淋洗损失率均显著增加。展开更多
【目的】研究不同盐度灌溉水对棉田土壤氨氧化细菌及酶的影响。【方法】试验设置三个灌溉水盐度(电导率EC):0.35(淡水)、4.61(微咸水)和8.04 d S/m(咸水),分别以FW、BW和SW表示。【结果】咸水、微咸水灌溉显著增加土壤盐度,土壤中铵态...【目的】研究不同盐度灌溉水对棉田土壤氨氧化细菌及酶的影响。【方法】试验设置三个灌溉水盐度(电导率EC):0.35(淡水)、4.61(微咸水)和8.04 d S/m(咸水),分别以FW、BW和SW表示。【结果】咸水、微咸水灌溉显著增加土壤盐度,土壤中铵态氮显著增加,硝态氮显著降低;微咸水和淡水灌溉处理土壤潜在硝化势无显著差异,但是咸水灌溉处理显著降低了土壤潜在硝化势;微咸水处理土壤氨氧化细菌数量与淡水处理差异不显著,但是咸水灌溉处理氨氧化细菌数量较淡水处理降低了59.38%;不同灌溉水盐度对土壤硝酸还原酶和亚硝酸还原酶影响相似,随着灌溉水盐度的增加,土壤硝酸还原酶和亚硝酸还原酶活性显著降低。盐分对羟胺还原酶活性影响不大。【结论】适宜盐度的微咸水滴灌对土壤氨氧化细菌和潜在硝化势无显著影响,但高盐度的咸水灌溉会导致氨氧化细菌数量减少,潜在硝化势和关键酶活性降低,直接影响硝化/反硝化作用。展开更多
棉花是鲁北平原种植的重要经济作物,合理利用微咸水和咸水资源是解决棉花季节干旱问题的重要途径。通过田间小区试验,以淡水滴灌处理为对照,设置不同盐分梯度的咸水滴灌处理,研究2种类型咸水滴灌对棉田土壤水分和盐分的分布影响以及棉...棉花是鲁北平原种植的重要经济作物,合理利用微咸水和咸水资源是解决棉花季节干旱问题的重要途径。通过田间小区试验,以淡水滴灌处理为对照,设置不同盐分梯度的咸水滴灌处理,研究2种类型咸水滴灌对棉田土壤水分和盐分的分布影响以及棉花产量的响应。结果表明,咸水滴灌条件下主要影响棉田40~100 cm土壤水分的变化,碳酸氢钠型和氯化钠型咸水处理对土壤含水量的影响没有显著差异。利用EC值低于8 d S·m^(-1)的咸水进行补灌,棉田0~40 cm土壤盐分积累不明显,灌溉水EC值为10 d S·m^(-1)的氯化钠型咸水灌溉在0~100 cm土壤盐分有明显的积累。滴灌补灌EC值不大于6 d S·m^(-1)的碳酸氢钠型咸水和不大于8 d S·m^(-1)的氯化钠型咸水对棉花产量没有明显的影响,滴灌补灌7 d S·m^(-1)碳酸氢钠型和10 d S·m^(-1)氯化钠型咸水明显降低棉花产量。从土壤盐分的积累和棉花产量来看,在鲁北平原可以利用6 d S·m^(-1)咸水滴灌对棉花进行补灌;利用咸水滴灌,要同时考虑灌溉水盐分的数量和盐分组成,碳酸氢钠型咸水要更加谨慎利用。展开更多
基金Supported by Major Orientation Foundation of the CAS Innovation Program (Grant No. KZCX3-SW-342)CAS Action-Plan for West Development (Grant No. KZCX2-XB2-13)+3 种基金Major Scientific and Technological Special of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (Grant No. 200733144-3)National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 40701098)the research projects of the Tarim Branch of Petro-China Company Limited (Grant Nos. 971008090016 and 971008090017)CAS Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography "Dr. Talent" Project of Oasis Scholars Training Plan
文摘The EC analysis and water serial sampling was performed in the Tarim Desert Highway shelterbelt to explore the water and salt dynamics of the shallow aeolian sandy soil ( 0-30cm) under high salinity groundwater drip irrigation. It was found that in one irrigation cycle, the EC of the shallow shifting aeolian sandy soil ( 0-30cm) increased while the water content decreased. The EC of the surface aeolian sandy soil at the wetting front was far greater than that of the wetting area or the outside of the wetting area. During the irrigation cycle, the EC of the wetting front and the wetting area changed at a significant magnitude, whereas the EC of the outside of the wetting area remained largely steady. The horizontal influence distance of drip irrigation on the salt accumulation at the soil surface was about 100 cm, and the vertical influence depth was 5 cm. The three most abundant ions in the accumulated salt at the aeolian sandy soil surface were Na+, Cl- and SO42-. The salt accumulation at the soil surface was influenced by air temperature, wind speed, mineralization of irrigation water, sand burial thickness, soil texture, and litter content.
文摘通过田间小区试验和微区试验相结合研究滴灌条件下不同灌溉水盐度、灌水量和施氮量对棉田土壤中氮肥去向的影响。试验设置3种灌溉水盐度(电导率,EC):0.35、4.61和8.04 d S m-1(分别以S0.35、S4.61和S8.04表示);2个灌水量:405和540 mm;同时设置2个施氮水平:240、360 kg hm-2(360 kg hm-2为当地棉田推荐氮肥用量)。结果表明:S0.35和S4.61灌溉处理的棉花氮素吸收量和产量无显著差异,分别较S8.04灌溉处理高出27.46%和33.65%、21.29%和21.63%。灌溉水盐度主要通过影响棉花单株结铃数来影响棉花产量。增加施氮量和灌水量,棉花氮素吸收量和产量均有所增加。15N同位素标记试验结果表明:植物15N回收率在34.20%~62.51%之间,随灌溉水盐度的增加,植物15N回收率呈现先增加后减小的趋势,S0.35、S4.61处理较S8.04处理分别高出30.70%和41.77%;增加灌水量和施氮量可显著提高植物15N回收率。土壤15N残留率随灌溉水盐度的增加而增加,S4.61和S8.04处理的土壤15N残留率较S0.35处理分别高出3.48%和23.22%。施氮量由240 kg hm-2增加至360 kg hm-2,土壤15N残留率增加9.51%。各处理15N淋洗损失率在0.35%~3.59%之间,低施氮量下,S0.35和S4.61处理的15N淋洗损失率无显著差异,S8.04处理的15N淋洗损失率分别较S0.35、S4.61处理高出1.87倍和0.84倍;高施氮量下,15N淋洗损失率随灌溉水盐度的增加而显著增加。增加灌水量和施氮量,15N淋洗损失率均显著增加。
文摘【目的】研究不同盐度灌溉水对棉田土壤氨氧化细菌及酶的影响。【方法】试验设置三个灌溉水盐度(电导率EC):0.35(淡水)、4.61(微咸水)和8.04 d S/m(咸水),分别以FW、BW和SW表示。【结果】咸水、微咸水灌溉显著增加土壤盐度,土壤中铵态氮显著增加,硝态氮显著降低;微咸水和淡水灌溉处理土壤潜在硝化势无显著差异,但是咸水灌溉处理显著降低了土壤潜在硝化势;微咸水处理土壤氨氧化细菌数量与淡水处理差异不显著,但是咸水灌溉处理氨氧化细菌数量较淡水处理降低了59.38%;不同灌溉水盐度对土壤硝酸还原酶和亚硝酸还原酶影响相似,随着灌溉水盐度的增加,土壤硝酸还原酶和亚硝酸还原酶活性显著降低。盐分对羟胺还原酶活性影响不大。【结论】适宜盐度的微咸水滴灌对土壤氨氧化细菌和潜在硝化势无显著影响,但高盐度的咸水灌溉会导致氨氧化细菌数量减少,潜在硝化势和关键酶活性降低,直接影响硝化/反硝化作用。
文摘棉花是鲁北平原种植的重要经济作物,合理利用微咸水和咸水资源是解决棉花季节干旱问题的重要途径。通过田间小区试验,以淡水滴灌处理为对照,设置不同盐分梯度的咸水滴灌处理,研究2种类型咸水滴灌对棉田土壤水分和盐分的分布影响以及棉花产量的响应。结果表明,咸水滴灌条件下主要影响棉田40~100 cm土壤水分的变化,碳酸氢钠型和氯化钠型咸水处理对土壤含水量的影响没有显著差异。利用EC值低于8 d S·m^(-1)的咸水进行补灌,棉田0~40 cm土壤盐分积累不明显,灌溉水EC值为10 d S·m^(-1)的氯化钠型咸水灌溉在0~100 cm土壤盐分有明显的积累。滴灌补灌EC值不大于6 d S·m^(-1)的碳酸氢钠型咸水和不大于8 d S·m^(-1)的氯化钠型咸水对棉花产量没有明显的影响,滴灌补灌7 d S·m^(-1)碳酸氢钠型和10 d S·m^(-1)氯化钠型咸水明显降低棉花产量。从土壤盐分的积累和棉花产量来看,在鲁北平原可以利用6 d S·m^(-1)咸水滴灌对棉花进行补灌;利用咸水滴灌,要同时考虑灌溉水盐分的数量和盐分组成,碳酸氢钠型咸水要更加谨慎利用。
