To estimate the spreading sequence of the direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) signal, a fast algorithm based on maximum likelihood function is proposed, and the theoretical derivation of the algorithm is provided. ...To estimate the spreading sequence of the direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) signal, a fast algorithm based on maximum likelihood function is proposed, and the theoretical derivation of the algorithm is provided. By simplifying the objective function of maximum likelihood estimation, the algorithm can realize sequence synchronization and sequence estimation via adaptive iteration and sliding window. Since it avoids the correlation matrix computation, the algorithm significantly reduces the storage requirement and the computation complexity. Simulations show that it is a fast convergent algorithm, and can perform well in low signal to noise ratio (SNR).展开更多
In hybrid Direct Sequence/Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum （DS/FH SS） system, the fast acquisition is a key technique. A combined fast scanning and waiting method for FH acquisition is introduced, and a neural netw...In hybrid Direct Sequence/Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum （DS/FH SS） system, the fast acquisition is a key technique. A combined fast scanning and waiting method for FH acquisition is introduced, and a neural network for DS acquisition is presented also. Using these two methods, the fast acquisition of the hybrid DS/FH SS system can be realized.展开更多
An appropriate acquisition configuration in terms of signal quality can optimize the acquisition performance. In view of this, a new approach of acquisition assisted by the control voltage of automatic gain control(AG...An appropriate acquisition configuration in terms of signal quality can optimize the acquisition performance. In view of this, a new approach of acquisition assisted by the control voltage of automatic gain control(AGC) is proposed. This approach judges the signal power according to the AGC control voltage and switches the working modes correspondingly and adaptively. Non-coherent accumulation times and the detection threshold are reconfigured according to the working mode. Theoretical derivation and verification by simulation in typical situations are provided, and the algorithm is shown to be superior in terms of the mean acquisition time, especially in strong signal scenarios compared with the conventional algorithm.展开更多
An interference suppression algorithm is proposed to meet challenges of the traditional technique in dealing with the linear frequency modulation(LFM) interference,such as high loss of signal-to-noise ratio(SNR),the o...An interference suppression algorithm is proposed to meet challenges of the traditional technique in dealing with the linear frequency modulation(LFM) interference,such as high loss of signal-to-noise ratio(SNR),the output signal-to-interfer-ence-plus-noise ratio(SINR) sensitive to input interference-to-signal ratio(ISR) that results in an unstable synchronization,and the spectrum leakage serious in strong ISR situation.This approach firstly makes use of the windowed and lapped technique to the fractional Fourier transform(FRFT) to enhance the ISR improvement and lower the SNR loss.Then by weakening the interference and a secondary threshold process,interference energy can be suppressed as much as possible and the output SINR is less sensitive to the ISR.Finally,a joint fractional Fourier domain and time domain technique is proposed to overcome the residual interference energy caused by the strong interference or the discontinuous-phase interference.Theoretical analysis and simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can achieve better performance than the conventional methods in suppressing both the multi period LFM interference and the multi chirp-rate LFM interference,especially in the strong interference environment.展开更多
Reconfigurable intelligent surface(RIS)-assisted symbiotic radio is a spectrum-and energy-efficient communication paradigm,in which an RIS performs passive beamforming to enhance active transmission,while using the el...Reconfigurable intelligent surface(RIS)-assisted symbiotic radio is a spectrum-and energy-efficient communication paradigm,in which an RIS performs passive beamforming to enhance active transmission,while using the electromagnetic waves from the active transmission for additional information transfer(i.e.,passive transmission).In this paper,a hybrid RIS-based modulation,termed hybrid phase and code modulation(HPCM),is proposed to improve the reliability of RIS-assisted symbiotic radio.In RIS-HPCM,the RIS simultaneously performs direct sequence spread spectrum and passive beamforming on incident signals.Moreover,both the spreading code and phase offset are exploited to carry the RIS’s own information.A low-complexity detector is designed,in which the receiver first detects the spreading codes and then demodulates the constellation symbols.We analyze the bit error rate(BER)performance of RIS-HPCM over Rician fading channels.BER upper bounds and approximate BER expressions are derived in closed-form for maximum-likelihood and low-complexity detectors,respectively.Simulation results in terms of BER verify the analysis and show the superiority of RIS-HPCM over the existing RIS-based modulation.展开更多
A novel algorithm is proposed to resolve the defects in the traditional linear frequency modulation(LFM)jamming suppression algorithm in the fractional Fourier transform(FRFT)domain.The traditional LFM jamming suppres...A novel algorithm is proposed to resolve the defects in the traditional linear frequency modulation(LFM)jamming suppression algorithm in the fractional Fourier transform(FRFT)domain.The traditional LFM jamming suppression algorithm in the FRFT domain has some defects.For example,the exact threshold is difficult to set and both the signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)loss and spectrum leakage are serious in strong jamming-to-signal ratio(JSR)situations.Windowing,overlapping and inverse windowing techniques are used in the FRFT domain to reduce the spectrum leakage and the SNR loss.Under the condition that only the direct sequence spread spectrum(DSSS)signal and white Gaussian noise are present,the amplitude of the received signal after FRFT is assumed to be Rayleigh distributed.Based on the distribution characteristic,hypothesis testing is used to suppress the jamming spectrum using the algorithm.Simulation results show that the performance of proposed algorithm is better than that of the conventional algorithms,especially in a strong jamming and multi component LFM jamming environment.展开更多
According to the requirements of the high-sensitivity acquisition of Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum(DSSS) signals under ultrahigh dynamic environments in space communications, a three-dimensional joint search of the ...According to the requirements of the high-sensitivity acquisition of Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum(DSSS) signals under ultrahigh dynamic environments in space communications, a three-dimensional joint search of the phase of Pseudo-Noise-code(PN-code),Doppler frequency and its rate-of-change is presented to achieve high sensitivity in sensing high-frequency dynamics. By eliminating the correlation peak loss caused by ultrahigh Doppler frequency and its rate-of-change offset,the proposed method improves the acquisition sensitivity by increasing the non-coherent accumulation time. The validity of the algorithm is proved by theoretical analysis and simulation results. It is shown that signals with a carrier- to-noise ratio as low as 39 dBHz can be captured with high performance when the Doppler frequency is up to ±1 MHz and its rate-of-change is up to ±200 kHz/s.展开更多
Based on the brief account of the performance analysis result of the direct sequence spread spectrum(DSSS)system against a single tone continuous wave(CW)interference obtained from the traditional standard Gaussian ap...Based on the brief account of the performance analysis result of the direct sequence spread spectrum(DSSS)system against a single tone continuous wave(CW)interference obtained from the traditional standard Gaussian approximation(SGA)hypothesis,the mathematical expression of the interference component of the symbol decision variable in the periodic sequence DSSS system under CW interference was deduced and the actual performance of the periodic sequence DSSS system against CW interference was researched through theoretical analysis and numerical simulations.The results indicate that the interference component of the symbol decision variable in the periodic sequence DSSS system under CW interference operates at a constant level or fluctuate monochromatically,which does not approach the standard Gaussian distribution,and the actual performance of the periodic sequence DSSS system against CW interference is completely different from the analytic result resorted to the standard Gaussian approximation(SGA).The bit error performance is correlative not only with the interference-signal ratio(ISR),the frequency offset and the phase of the CW interference sensitively,but also with the individual spread spectrum code sequence.展开更多
基金supported by Joint Foundation of and China Academy of Engineering Physical (10676006)
文摘To estimate the spreading sequence of the direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) signal, a fast algorithm based on maximum likelihood function is proposed, and the theoretical derivation of the algorithm is provided. By simplifying the objective function of maximum likelihood estimation, the algorithm can realize sequence synchronization and sequence estimation via adaptive iteration and sliding window. Since it avoids the correlation matrix computation, the algorithm significantly reduces the storage requirement and the computation complexity. Simulations show that it is a fast convergent algorithm, and can perform well in low signal to noise ratio (SNR).
文摘In hybrid Direct Sequence/Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum （DS/FH SS） system, the fast acquisition is a key technique. A combined fast scanning and waiting method for FH acquisition is introduced, and a neural network for DS acquisition is presented also. Using these two methods, the fast acquisition of the hybrid DS/FH SS system can be realized.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.61401026)the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2014AA1070)
文摘An appropriate acquisition configuration in terms of signal quality can optimize the acquisition performance. In view of this, a new approach of acquisition assisted by the control voltage of automatic gain control(AGC) is proposed. This approach judges the signal power according to the AGC control voltage and switches the working modes correspondingly and adaptively. Non-coherent accumulation times and the detection threshold are reconfigured according to the working mode. Theoretical derivation and verification by simulation in typical situations are provided, and the algorithm is shown to be superior in terms of the mean acquisition time, especially in strong signal scenarios compared with the conventional algorithm.
基金partially supported by the National Natural Science Foun-dation of China for Distinguished Young Scholars (Grant No. 60625104) the Foundation for Beijing Excellent Ph.D,Thesis (Grant No. 1320037010901)
文摘An interference suppression algorithm is proposed to meet challenges of the traditional technique in dealing with the linear frequency modulation(LFM) interference,such as high loss of signal-to-noise ratio(SNR),the output signal-to-interfer-ence-plus-noise ratio(SINR) sensitive to input interference-to-signal ratio(ISR) that results in an unstable synchronization,and the spectrum leakage serious in strong ISR situation.This approach firstly makes use of the windowed and lapped technique to the fractional Fourier transform(FRFT) to enhance the ISR improvement and lower the SNR loss.Then by weakening the interference and a secondary threshold process,interference energy can be suppressed as much as possible and the output SINR is less sensitive to the ISR.Finally,a joint fractional Fourier domain and time domain technique is proposed to overcome the residual interference energy caused by the strong interference or the discontinuous-phase interference.Theoretical analysis and simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can achieve better performance than the conventional methods in suppressing both the multi period LFM interference and the multi chirp-rate LFM interference,especially in the strong interference environment.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 62201228 and Grant 62001190in part by the Science and Technology Major Project of Tibetan Autonomous Region of China under Grant No.XZ202201ZD0006G02.
文摘Reconfigurable intelligent surface(RIS)-assisted symbiotic radio is a spectrum-and energy-efficient communication paradigm,in which an RIS performs passive beamforming to enhance active transmission,while using the electromagnetic waves from the active transmission for additional information transfer(i.e.,passive transmission).In this paper,a hybrid RIS-based modulation,termed hybrid phase and code modulation(HPCM),is proposed to improve the reliability of RIS-assisted symbiotic radio.In RIS-HPCM,the RIS simultaneously performs direct sequence spread spectrum and passive beamforming on incident signals.Moreover,both the spreading code and phase offset are exploited to carry the RIS’s own information.A low-complexity detector is designed,in which the receiver first detects the spreading codes and then demodulates the constellation symbols.We analyze the bit error rate(BER)performance of RIS-HPCM over Rician fading channels.BER upper bounds and approximate BER expressions are derived in closed-form for maximum-likelihood and low-complexity detectors,respectively.Simulation results in terms of BER verify the analysis and show the superiority of RIS-HPCM over the existing RIS-based modulation.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(61175059)the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province(F2011205023)。
文摘A novel algorithm is proposed to resolve the defects in the traditional linear frequency modulation(LFM)jamming suppression algorithm in the fractional Fourier transform(FRFT)domain.The traditional LFM jamming suppression algorithm in the FRFT domain has some defects.For example,the exact threshold is difficult to set and both the signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)loss and spectrum leakage are serious in strong jamming-to-signal ratio(JSR)situations.Windowing,overlapping and inverse windowing techniques are used in the FRFT domain to reduce the spectrum leakage and the SNR loss.Under the condition that only the direct sequence spread spectrum(DSSS)signal and white Gaussian noise are present,the amplitude of the received signal after FRFT is assumed to be Rayleigh distributed.Based on the distribution characteristic,hypothesis testing is used to suppress the jamming spectrum using the algorithm.Simulation results show that the performance of proposed algorithm is better than that of the conventional algorithms,especially in a strong jamming and multi component LFM jamming environment.
基金supported by the Youth Science Fund,National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.61102130
文摘According to the requirements of the high-sensitivity acquisition of Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum(DSSS) signals under ultrahigh dynamic environments in space communications, a three-dimensional joint search of the phase of Pseudo-Noise-code(PN-code),Doppler frequency and its rate-of-change is presented to achieve high sensitivity in sensing high-frequency dynamics. By eliminating the correlation peak loss caused by ultrahigh Doppler frequency and its rate-of-change offset,the proposed method improves the acquisition sensitivity by increasing the non-coherent accumulation time. The validity of the algorithm is proved by theoretical analysis and simulation results. It is shown that signals with a carrier- to-noise ratio as low as 39 dBHz can be captured with high performance when the Doppler frequency is up to ±1 MHz and its rate-of-change is up to ±200 kHz/s.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.60472053)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK2003055)the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education(No.20030286017).
文摘Based on the brief account of the performance analysis result of the direct sequence spread spectrum(DSSS)system against a single tone continuous wave(CW)interference obtained from the traditional standard Gaussian approximation(SGA)hypothesis,the mathematical expression of the interference component of the symbol decision variable in the periodic sequence DSSS system under CW interference was deduced and the actual performance of the periodic sequence DSSS system against CW interference was researched through theoretical analysis and numerical simulations.The results indicate that the interference component of the symbol decision variable in the periodic sequence DSSS system under CW interference operates at a constant level or fluctuate monochromatically,which does not approach the standard Gaussian distribution,and the actual performance of the periodic sequence DSSS system against CW interference is completely different from the analytic result resorted to the standard Gaussian approximation(SGA).The bit error performance is correlative not only with the interference-signal ratio(ISR),the frequency offset and the phase of the CW interference sensitively,but also with the individual spread spectrum code sequence.
