The problem of effluent total nitrogen(TN)at most of the wastewater treatment plants(WWTPs)in China is important for meeting the related water quality standards,even under the condition of high energy consumption.To a...The problem of effluent total nitrogen(TN)at most of the wastewater treatment plants(WWTPs)in China is important for meeting the related water quality standards,even under the condition of high energy consumption.To achieve better prediction and control of effluent TN concentration,an efficient prediction model,based on controllable operation parameters,was constructed in a sequencing batch reactor process.Compared with previous models,this model has two main characteristics:①Superficial gas velocity and anoxic time are controllable operation parameters and are selected as the main input parameters instead of dissolved oxygen to improve the model controllability,and②the model prediction accuracy is improved on the basis of a feedforward neural network(FFNN)with algorithm optimization.The results demonstrated that the FFNN model was efficiently optimized by scaled conjugate gradient,and the performance was excellent compared with other models in terms of the correlation coefficient(R).The optimized FFNN model could provide an accurate prediction of effluent TN based on influent water parameters and key control parameters.This study revealed the possible application of the optimized FFNN model for the efficient removal of pollutants and lower energy consumption at most of the WWTPs.展开更多
控制特性和谐波特性是变压器式可控电抗器(controllable reactor of transformer type,CRT)的2个重要特性。文中首先给出CRT绕组电流计算模型;其次,对顺次单支路工作模式和解耦工作模式这2种典型工作模式的特点进行了分析;最后,结合具...控制特性和谐波特性是变压器式可控电抗器(controllable reactor of transformer type,CRT)的2个重要特性。文中首先给出CRT绕组电流计算模型;其次,对顺次单支路工作模式和解耦工作模式这2种典型工作模式的特点进行了分析;最后,结合具体算例,基于绕组电流计算模型,分别在顺次单支路工作模式和解耦工作模式下对CRT的控制特性和谐波特性进行了计算和对比。计算分析结果表明:顺次单支路工作模式下谐波系数总能满足要求,但各控制绕组的额定值设计较困难且绕组材料浪费严重;解耦工作模式下绕组材料利用率大大提高,但却有谐波系数较大而且不可控的缺点。上述结果揭示了CRT的控制特性和谐波特性与工作模式之间的关系,为不同工作模式下CRT的控制特性和谐波特性的分析计算,以及工作模式的选择和改进提供了参考。展开更多
变压器式可控电抗器(controllable reactor of transformer type,CRT)是用来保证高压输电系统安全运行的重要设备。限流电感是CRT的重要组成部分,合适的限流电感参数是CRT能安全正常工作的基本保障。文中主要提出了一种新的限流电感参...变压器式可控电抗器(controllable reactor of transformer type,CRT)是用来保证高压输电系统安全运行的重要设备。限流电感是CRT的重要组成部分,合适的限流电感参数是CRT能安全正常工作的基本保障。文中主要提出了一种新的限流电感参数计算方法。首先给出了顺次单支路工作模式下CRT的绕组电流计算模型;然后,基于绕组电流计算公式,建立了限流电感的计算模型;最后,设计算例验证文中所提出精确算法的正确性,并和已有的递推算法进行比较,发现文中所提出的限流电感计算方法在满足谐波要求的基础上更精确合理。展开更多
基金This work was funded by the Major Science and Technology Program for Water Pollution Control and Treatment(2017ZX07201003)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51961125101)the Science and Technology Project of Zhejiang Province(2018C03003).
文摘The problem of effluent total nitrogen(TN)at most of the wastewater treatment plants(WWTPs)in China is important for meeting the related water quality standards,even under the condition of high energy consumption.To achieve better prediction and control of effluent TN concentration,an efficient prediction model,based on controllable operation parameters,was constructed in a sequencing batch reactor process.Compared with previous models,this model has two main characteristics:①Superficial gas velocity and anoxic time are controllable operation parameters and are selected as the main input parameters instead of dissolved oxygen to improve the model controllability,and②the model prediction accuracy is improved on the basis of a feedforward neural network(FFNN)with algorithm optimization.The results demonstrated that the FFNN model was efficiently optimized by scaled conjugate gradient,and the performance was excellent compared with other models in terms of the correlation coefficient(R).The optimized FFNN model could provide an accurate prediction of effluent TN based on influent water parameters and key control parameters.This study revealed the possible application of the optimized FFNN model for the efficient removal of pollutants and lower energy consumption at most of the WWTPs.
文摘控制特性和谐波特性是变压器式可控电抗器(controllable reactor of transformer type,CRT)的2个重要特性。文中首先给出CRT绕组电流计算模型;其次,对顺次单支路工作模式和解耦工作模式这2种典型工作模式的特点进行了分析;最后,结合具体算例,基于绕组电流计算模型,分别在顺次单支路工作模式和解耦工作模式下对CRT的控制特性和谐波特性进行了计算和对比。计算分析结果表明:顺次单支路工作模式下谐波系数总能满足要求,但各控制绕组的额定值设计较困难且绕组材料浪费严重;解耦工作模式下绕组材料利用率大大提高,但却有谐波系数较大而且不可控的缺点。上述结果揭示了CRT的控制特性和谐波特性与工作模式之间的关系,为不同工作模式下CRT的控制特性和谐波特性的分析计算,以及工作模式的选择和改进提供了参考。
文摘变压器式可控电抗器(controllable reactor of transformer type,CRT)是用来保证高压输电系统安全运行的重要设备。限流电感是CRT的重要组成部分,合适的限流电感参数是CRT能安全正常工作的基本保障。文中主要提出了一种新的限流电感参数计算方法。首先给出了顺次单支路工作模式下CRT的绕组电流计算模型;然后,基于绕组电流计算公式,建立了限流电感的计算模型;最后,设计算例验证文中所提出精确算法的正确性,并和已有的递推算法进行比较,发现文中所提出的限流电感计算方法在满足谐波要求的基础上更精确合理。
