The riverine sediment is an essential carrier for nutrients and pollutants delivery and is considered as an important indicator of land degradation and environmental changes.With growing interest in envi-ronmental cha...The riverine sediment is an essential carrier for nutrients and pollutants delivery and is considered as an important indicator of land degradation and environmental changes.With growing interest in envi-ronmental changes over the Tibetan Plateau,this study investigated mean annual runoff and sediment yield from eight headwater catchments in relation to annual precipitation,air temperature,and glacier area ratio,etc.Results show that runoff(Q)is positively correlated with both precipitation(P)and temperature(T),i.e.,Q¼0.357Pþ20.3T-6.4,indicating combined water supply from rainfall and melt-water,increase of which may exceed the evapotranspiration water loss caused by temperature raise.Sediment yield(S)shows an inverted parabolic relationship with precipitation and at the same time positive correlation with glacier area ratio(Ag),i.e.,S¼0.000609 P2-0.470Pþ48.5 Agþ202.53,indicating that sediment yield is a minimum at about 500e600 mm of precipitation,increasing sharply on both sides of this minimum in one case owing to decreased vegetation protection and in the other to enhanced erosive power and that erosion rate in the glacierized area is generally higher than non-glacierized area.The variation in sediment yield with precipitation can be explained by the operation of two factors,i.e.,rainfall erosive action that increases continuously with increase in precipitation,and vegetation protective action that is unity for zero precipitation and decreases with increases in precip-itation.The above results may be useful in visualizing not only variations in rates of erosion among climatic zones on the Tibetan Plateau but also the probable changes of erosion during a climatic change.展开更多
Based on the clarifications of the deterioration characteristics of the lower Yellow River (LYR), the influence of river deterioration on flood discharging capacity is studied through theoretical derivation and analys...Based on the clarifications of the deterioration characteristics of the lower Yellow River (LYR), the influence of river deterioration on flood discharging capacity is studied through theoretical derivation and analysis of field data. This study indicates that response of flood discharging capacity to river deterioration is nonlinear. Sediment depositions in the main channel cause the reductions of dominant discharge and thus the increase of initial flood stage. Reductions in the channel width result in the increases of the rising rate of flood stage and the decrease of flood discharging capacity.展开更多
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41877081)the West Light Foun-dation of Interdisciplinary Team,Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program(2019QZKK0203)。
文摘The riverine sediment is an essential carrier for nutrients and pollutants delivery and is considered as an important indicator of land degradation and environmental changes.With growing interest in envi-ronmental changes over the Tibetan Plateau,this study investigated mean annual runoff and sediment yield from eight headwater catchments in relation to annual precipitation,air temperature,and glacier area ratio,etc.Results show that runoff(Q)is positively correlated with both precipitation(P)and temperature(T),i.e.,Q¼0.357Pþ20.3T-6.4,indicating combined water supply from rainfall and melt-water,increase of which may exceed the evapotranspiration water loss caused by temperature raise.Sediment yield(S)shows an inverted parabolic relationship with precipitation and at the same time positive correlation with glacier area ratio(Ag),i.e.,S¼0.000609 P2-0.470Pþ48.5 Agþ202.53,indicating that sediment yield is a minimum at about 500e600 mm of precipitation,increasing sharply on both sides of this minimum in one case owing to decreased vegetation protection and in the other to enhanced erosive power and that erosion rate in the glacierized area is generally higher than non-glacierized area.The variation in sediment yield with precipitation can be explained by the operation of two factors,i.e.,rainfall erosive action that increases continuously with increase in precipitation,and vegetation protective action that is unity for zero precipitation and decreases with increases in precip-itation.The above results may be useful in visualizing not only variations in rates of erosion among climatic zones on the Tibetan Plateau but also the probable changes of erosion during a climatic change.
基金the State Basic Research Development Program (Grant No.G1999043604) the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 50239040).
文摘Based on the clarifications of the deterioration characteristics of the lower Yellow River (LYR), the influence of river deterioration on flood discharging capacity is studied through theoretical derivation and analysis of field data. This study indicates that response of flood discharging capacity to river deterioration is nonlinear. Sediment depositions in the main channel cause the reductions of dominant discharge and thus the increase of initial flood stage. Reductions in the channel width result in the increases of the rising rate of flood stage and the decrease of flood discharging capacity.
