The collapse of thin-walled micro-grooved heat pipes is a common phenomenon in the tube flattening process, which seriously influences the heat transfer performance and appearance of heat pipe. At present, there is no...The collapse of thin-walled micro-grooved heat pipes is a common phenomenon in the tube flattening process, which seriously influences the heat transfer performance and appearance of heat pipe. At present, there is no other better method to solve this problem. A new method by heating the heat pipe is proposed to eliminate the collapse during the flattening process. The effectiveness of the proposed method is investigated through a theoretical model, a finite element（FE） analysis, and experimental method. Firstly, A theoretical model based on a deformation model of six plastic hinges and the Antoine equation of the working fluid is established to analyze the collapse of thin walls at different temperatures. Then, the FE simulation and experiments of flattening process at different temperatures are carried out and compared with theoretical model. Finally, the FE model is followed to study the loads of the plates at different temperatures and heights of flattened heat pipes. The results of the theoretical model conform to those of the FE simulation and experiments in the flattened zone. The collapse occurs at room temperature. As the temperature increases, the collapse decreases and finally disappears at approximately 130 ℃ for various heights of flattened heat pipes. The loads of the moving plate increase as the temperature increases. Thus, the reasonable temperature for eliminating the collapse and reducing the load is approximately 130℃. The advantage of the proposed method is that the collapse is reduced or eliminated by means of the thermal deformation characteristic of heat pipe itself instead of by external support. As a result, the heat transfer efficiency of heat pipe is raised.展开更多
Hot compression tests were carried out with specimens of 20Cr-24Ni-6Mo super-austenitic stainless steel at strain rate from 0.01 to 10 s^-1 in the temperature range from 950 to 1150 ℃,and flow behavior was analyzed.M...Hot compression tests were carried out with specimens of 20Cr-24Ni-6Mo super-austenitic stainless steel at strain rate from 0.01 to 10 s^-1 in the temperature range from 950 to 1150 ℃,and flow behavior was analyzed.Microstructure analysis indicated that dynamic recrystallization（DRX）behavior was more sensitive to the temperature than strain rate,and full DRX was obtained when the specimen deformed at 1150℃.When the temperature reduced to 1050 ℃,full DRX was completed at the highest strain rate 10 s-l rather than at the lowest strain rate 0.01 s-1 because the adiabatic heating was pronounced at higher strain rate.In addition,flow behavior reflected in flow curves was inconsistent with the actual microstructural evolution during hot deformation,especially at higher strain rates and lower temperatures.Therefore,flow curves were revised in consideration of the effects of adiabatic heating and friction during hot deformation.The results showed that adiabatic heating became greater with the increase of strain level,strain rate and the decrease of temperature,while the frictional effect cannot be neglected at high strain level.Moreover,based on the revised flow curves,strain-dependent constitutive modeling was developed and verified by comparing the predicted data with the experimental data and the modified data.The result suggested that the developed constitutive modeling can more adequately predict the flow behavior reflected by corrected flow curves than that reflected by experimental flow curves,even though some difference existed at 950℃ and 0.01 s^-1.The main reason was that plenty of precipitates generated at this deformation condition and affected the DRX behavior and deformation behavior,eventually resulted in dramatic increase of deformation resistance.展开更多
Cu46Zr46A14.8Ti3.2 bulk metallic glass （BMG） was successfully synthesized by copper-mold casting and the mechanical properties at room temperature were measured by compression tests. The structure and thermal charac...Cu46Zr46A14.8Ti3.2 bulk metallic glass （BMG） was successfully synthesized by copper-mold casting and the mechanical properties at room temperature were measured by compression tests. The structure and thermal characteristics were analyzed by XRD and DSC, and the fracture surface morphology was examined by SEM. The glassy alloy with 4 mm in diameter shows an high fracture strength of 1 960 MPa, with an improvement of about 20% compared to the ultimate compression fracture strength of the Cu46Zr46A18 BMG, which suggests that the Ti addition improves the compression fracture strength. The different degrees of the adiabatic heating induce four types of fracture features： a vein-like structure, an elongated and striated vein pattern, melting and smooth regions. The elongated and striated vein patterns as well as the melting region show that enormous strain energy is released, which causes significant adiabatic heating. Furthernaore, many micro-cracks observed in the smooth region are caused by the strong shear force. In addition, the strong shear force leads to many shear bands as well as the melting in the lateral surface.展开更多
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos. 50975096, 51175186)Guangdong Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No. S2011010002225)+1 种基金Guangdong Provincial Science and Technology Planning Project of China(GrantNos. 2010A080802009, 2010A011300022, 2011B040300020)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China(GrantNo.2012ZZ0053)
文摘The collapse of thin-walled micro-grooved heat pipes is a common phenomenon in the tube flattening process, which seriously influences the heat transfer performance and appearance of heat pipe. At present, there is no other better method to solve this problem. A new method by heating the heat pipe is proposed to eliminate the collapse during the flattening process. The effectiveness of the proposed method is investigated through a theoretical model, a finite element（FE） analysis, and experimental method. Firstly, A theoretical model based on a deformation model of six plastic hinges and the Antoine equation of the working fluid is established to analyze the collapse of thin walls at different temperatures. Then, the FE simulation and experiments of flattening process at different temperatures are carried out and compared with theoretical model. Finally, the FE model is followed to study the loads of the plates at different temperatures and heights of flattened heat pipes. The results of the theoretical model conform to those of the FE simulation and experiments in the flattened zone. The collapse occurs at room temperature. As the temperature increases, the collapse decreases and finally disappears at approximately 130 ℃ for various heights of flattened heat pipes. The loads of the moving plate increase as the temperature increases. Thus, the reasonable temperature for eliminating the collapse and reducing the load is approximately 130℃. The advantage of the proposed method is that the collapse is reduced or eliminated by means of the thermal deformation characteristic of heat pipe itself instead of by external support. As a result, the heat transfer efficiency of heat pipe is raised.
基金supported financially by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U1460204)
文摘Hot compression tests were carried out with specimens of 20Cr-24Ni-6Mo super-austenitic stainless steel at strain rate from 0.01 to 10 s^-1 in the temperature range from 950 to 1150 ℃,and flow behavior was analyzed.Microstructure analysis indicated that dynamic recrystallization（DRX）behavior was more sensitive to the temperature than strain rate,and full DRX was obtained when the specimen deformed at 1150℃.When the temperature reduced to 1050 ℃,full DRX was completed at the highest strain rate 10 s-l rather than at the lowest strain rate 0.01 s-1 because the adiabatic heating was pronounced at higher strain rate.In addition,flow behavior reflected in flow curves was inconsistent with the actual microstructural evolution during hot deformation,especially at higher strain rates and lower temperatures.Therefore,flow curves were revised in consideration of the effects of adiabatic heating and friction during hot deformation.The results showed that adiabatic heating became greater with the increase of strain level,strain rate and the decrease of temperature,while the frictional effect cannot be neglected at high strain level.Moreover,based on the revised flow curves,strain-dependent constitutive modeling was developed and verified by comparing the predicted data with the experimental data and the modified data.The result suggested that the developed constitutive modeling can more adequately predict the flow behavior reflected by corrected flow curves than that reflected by experimental flow curves,even though some difference existed at 950℃ and 0.01 s^-1.The main reason was that plenty of precipitates generated at this deformation condition and affected the DRX behavior and deformation behavior,eventually resulted in dramatic increase of deformation resistance.
基金Project(NCET-10-0360) supported by the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University,ChinaProject supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China
文摘Cu46Zr46A14.8Ti3.2 bulk metallic glass （BMG） was successfully synthesized by copper-mold casting and the mechanical properties at room temperature were measured by compression tests. The structure and thermal characteristics were analyzed by XRD and DSC, and the fracture surface morphology was examined by SEM. The glassy alloy with 4 mm in diameter shows an high fracture strength of 1 960 MPa, with an improvement of about 20% compared to the ultimate compression fracture strength of the Cu46Zr46A18 BMG, which suggests that the Ti addition improves the compression fracture strength. The different degrees of the adiabatic heating induce four types of fracture features： a vein-like structure, an elongated and striated vein pattern, melting and smooth regions. The elongated and striated vein patterns as well as the melting region show that enormous strain energy is released, which causes significant adiabatic heating. Furthernaore, many micro-cracks observed in the smooth region are caused by the strong shear force. In addition, the strong shear force leads to many shear bands as well as the melting in the lateral surface.
