The process of dynamic evolution in dispersed systems due to simultaneous particle coagulation and deposition is described mathematically by general dynamic equation (GDE). Monte Carlo (MC) method is an important appr...The process of dynamic evolution in dispersed systems due to simultaneous particle coagulation and deposition is described mathematically by general dynamic equation (GDE). Monte Carlo (MC) method is an important approach of numerical solu- tions of GDE. However, constant-volume MC method exhibits the contradictory of low computation cost and high computation precision owing to the fluctuation of the number of simulation particles; constant-number MC method can hardly be applied to engineering application and general scientific quantitative analysis due to the continual contraction or expansion of computation domain. In addition, the two MC methods depend closely on the “subsystem” hypothesis, which constraints their expansibility and the scope of application. A new multi-Monte Carlo (MMC) method is promoted to take account of GDE for simulta- neous particle coagulation and deposition. MMC method introduces the concept of “weighted fictitious particle” and is based on the “time-driven” technique. Furthermore MMC method maintains synchronously the computational domain and the total number of fictitious particles, which results in the latent expansibility of simulation for boundary con- dition, the space evolution of particle size distribution and even particle dynamics. The simulation results of MMC method for two special cases in which analytical solutions exist agree with analytical solutions well, which proves that MMC method has high and stable computational precision and low computation cost because of the constant and limited number of fictitious particles. Lastly the source of numerical error and the relative error of MMC method are analyzed, respectively.展开更多
A size-specific aerosol dynamic model is set up to predict the evolution of particle number concentration within a chamber. Particle aggregation is based on the theory of Brownian coagulation, and the model not only c...A size-specific aerosol dynamic model is set up to predict the evolution of particle number concentration within a chamber. Particle aggregation is based on the theory of Brownian coagulation, and the model not only comprises particle loss due to coagulation, but also considers the formation of large particles by collision. To validate the model, three different groups of chamber experiments with SMPS (Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer) are conducted. The results indicate that the advantage of the model over the past simple size bin model is its provision of detailed information of size spectrum evolution, and the results can be used to analyze the variations of number concentration and CMD (Count Median Diameter). Furthermore, some aerosol dynamic mechanisms that cannot be measured by instrument can be analyzed by the model simulation, which is significant for better understanding the removal and control mechanisms of ultrafine particles.展开更多
废气再循环(exhaust gas recirculation,EGR)冷却器积碳会使冷却器换热效率恶化,影响发动机性能。基于EGR冷却器颗粒物沉积试验平台,研究了不同浓度的颗粒物在EGR冷却器内物理沉积过程,分析了颗粒物浓度对EGR冷却器内HC冷凝量、不同粒...废气再循环(exhaust gas recirculation,EGR)冷却器积碳会使冷却器换热效率恶化,影响发动机性能。基于EGR冷却器颗粒物沉积试验平台,研究了不同浓度的颗粒物在EGR冷却器内物理沉积过程,分析了颗粒物浓度对EGR冷却器内HC冷凝量、不同粒径范围颗粒物减少率以及颗粒物中数粒径的影响。结果表明:颗粒物浓度越高,气态碳氢(Hydrocarbon,HC)的冷凝量越多;气态HC体积分数相同,颗粒物浓度增加,HC冷凝成核对粒径小于30 nm(D_p<30 nm)的颗粒物浓度的影响增强;颗粒物浓度越高,颗粒物撞击凝结对颗粒物沉积过程的影响越大。展开更多
基金This work was supported by the National Key Basic Research and Development Program (Grant No. 2002CB211602)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 90410017).
文摘The process of dynamic evolution in dispersed systems due to simultaneous particle coagulation and deposition is described mathematically by general dynamic equation (GDE). Monte Carlo (MC) method is an important approach of numerical solu- tions of GDE. However, constant-volume MC method exhibits the contradictory of low computation cost and high computation precision owing to the fluctuation of the number of simulation particles; constant-number MC method can hardly be applied to engineering application and general scientific quantitative analysis due to the continual contraction or expansion of computation domain. In addition, the two MC methods depend closely on the “subsystem” hypothesis, which constraints their expansibility and the scope of application. A new multi-Monte Carlo (MMC) method is promoted to take account of GDE for simulta- neous particle coagulation and deposition. MMC method introduces the concept of “weighted fictitious particle” and is based on the “time-driven” technique. Furthermore MMC method maintains synchronously the computational domain and the total number of fictitious particles, which results in the latent expansibility of simulation for boundary con- dition, the space evolution of particle size distribution and even particle dynamics. The simulation results of MMC method for two special cases in which analytical solutions exist agree with analytical solutions well, which proves that MMC method has high and stable computational precision and low computation cost because of the constant and limited number of fictitious particles. Lastly the source of numerical error and the relative error of MMC method are analyzed, respectively.
文摘A size-specific aerosol dynamic model is set up to predict the evolution of particle number concentration within a chamber. Particle aggregation is based on the theory of Brownian coagulation, and the model not only comprises particle loss due to coagulation, but also considers the formation of large particles by collision. To validate the model, three different groups of chamber experiments with SMPS (Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer) are conducted. The results indicate that the advantage of the model over the past simple size bin model is its provision of detailed information of size spectrum evolution, and the results can be used to analyze the variations of number concentration and CMD (Count Median Diameter). Furthermore, some aerosol dynamic mechanisms that cannot be measured by instrument can be analyzed by the model simulation, which is significant for better understanding the removal and control mechanisms of ultrafine particles.
文摘废气再循环(exhaust gas recirculation,EGR)冷却器积碳会使冷却器换热效率恶化,影响发动机性能。基于EGR冷却器颗粒物沉积试验平台,研究了不同浓度的颗粒物在EGR冷却器内物理沉积过程,分析了颗粒物浓度对EGR冷却器内HC冷凝量、不同粒径范围颗粒物减少率以及颗粒物中数粒径的影响。结果表明:颗粒物浓度越高,气态碳氢(Hydrocarbon,HC)的冷凝量越多;气态HC体积分数相同,颗粒物浓度增加,HC冷凝成核对粒径小于30 nm(D_p<30 nm)的颗粒物浓度的影响增强;颗粒物浓度越高,颗粒物撞击凝结对颗粒物沉积过程的影响越大。
