Resources and environment carrying capacity is central to not only regional sustainable development but also major function-oriented zoning. This paper presents an evaluation index system for resources and environment...Resources and environment carrying capacity is central to not only regional sustainable development but also major function-oriented zoning. This paper presents an evaluation index system for resources and environment carrying capacity based on four aspects of carrying capacity(i.e., water resources, land resources, the environment, and ecosystems) by using a square deviation decision-making method, and on the basis of above effort evaluates the resources and environment carrying capacity across 31 provincial regions in China(not including Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan regions of China). In addition, this paper evaluates the current state of socio-economic development, and analyzes the spatial distribution of resources and environment pressure. The results showed that distinct spatial differences in resources and environment carrying capacity and pressure across provincial regions. Resources and environment pressure is affected by both comprehensive resources and environment carrying capacity and socio-economic development. Regions subjected to lower degrees of resources and environment pressure will be restricted by resources and environmental problems through future courses of development owing to excessively low carrying capacities. By contrast, regions with higher comprehensive resources and environment carrying capacity will be subjected to excessively high levels of resources and environment pressure because of rapid socio-economic development. Both of resources and environment carrying capacity and pressure must therefore be considered in the allocation of country-binding targets to provincial regions.展开更多
Using the theories of population carrying capacity and ecological elasticity in other fields for reference, the connotation of regional human settlement system was defined from the viewpoint of the complex relationshi...Using the theories of population carrying capacity and ecological elasticity in other fields for reference, the connotation of regional human settlement system was defined from the viewpoint of the complex relationship among the factors such as regional population, resources, environment and economic and social development in the context of China′s rapid urbanization. Then the concept and characterization methods of the regional human settlement carrying capacity were proposed by means of population scale. Furthermore, a model of carrying capacity-pressure-state-response(CPSR) on regional human settlement system was established by referencing pressure-state-response(PSR) model, and the Catastrophe Theory was introduced to determine the corresponding standards of multi-criteria programming and evaluation. Taking Dalian City, Liaoning Province, China as an example, an empirical analysis on evaluation of human settlement system from 2000 to 2012 was carried out. The results showed that the carrying capacity of human settlement system in Dalian was fluctuating between 9.6 × 106 to 10 × 106 persons with a quantitative stage of the dynamic regulation. During the research period the load index of human settlement system in Dalian dropped from 0.96 to 0.84 with a lower pressure of human settlement system than the national average level. And the emergency response grades of human settlement system in Dalian were kept in grade Ⅱ(orange warning) or grade Ⅲ(yellow warning). Human settlement system of Dalian was in slight security state as a whole, but the load had a tendency of increase in recent years. The related departments should pay close attention to regional human settlement system and take active measures to improve human settlement by both intensity control and total quantity control. By comparison, analysis and discussion, it was considered that the results were basically accordded with the current situations of human settlement in Dalian, and the evaluation results were more reliable, visualized and easily展开更多
This paper demonstrates that we should use two different hierarchic composition methods for the two different types of levels in the AHP. The first method is using the weighted geometric mean to synthesize the judgmen...This paper demonstrates that we should use two different hierarchic composition methods for the two different types of levels in the AHP. The first method is using the weighted geometric mean to synthesize the judgments of alternative-type-level elements, which is the only hierarchic composition method for the alternative-type level in an AHP hierarchy, and the rank is preserved automatically. The second one is using the weighted arithmetic mean to synthesize the priorities of the criteria-type-level elements, which is the only hierarchic composition method for all the criteria-type levels, and rank reversals are allowed.展开更多
Growing private vehicle use and a limited supply of parking resources have increased competition for parking spaces.Ineffective searching for parking spaces is a significant barrier to smooth traffic flow.Smart techno...Growing private vehicle use and a limited supply of parking resources have increased competition for parking spaces.Ineffective searching for parking spaces is a significant barrier to smooth traffic flow.Smart technology-generated parking reservations are regarded as an excellent way to increase parking efficiency and lessen traffic.Although there is increased attention on smart parking research and parking reservation optimization,a scoping review is currently lacking.Therefore,the purpose of this paper is to provide a comprehensive review of the research literature related to parking reservations.Out of the original 438 publications identified in this search,99 were eventually chosen for analysis.The review categorized parking reservations into four research topics:inventory control,allocation decisions,pricing strategies,and performance evaluation.The elements considered in these research themes,modeling techniques,and evaluation criteria are explored in detail.In addition,the challenges and further enhancements of parking reservation optimization are discussed.It is believed that the findings from this study will be beneficial in further research on parking reservations.展开更多
The speed,capacity,and strength of artificial intelligence units(AIs)could pose a selfinflicted danger to humanity’s control of its own civilization.In this analysis,three biologically-based components of sentience t...The speed,capacity,and strength of artificial intelligence units(AIs)could pose a selfinflicted danger to humanity’s control of its own civilization.In this analysis,three biologically-based components of sentience that emerged in the course of human evolution are examined:cultural capacity,moral capacity,and religious capacity.The question is posed as to whether some measure of these capacities can be digitized and installed in AIs and so afford protection from their dominance.Theory on the emergence of moral capacity suggests it is most likely to be amenable to digitization and therefore installation in AIs.If so,transfer of that capacity,in creating commonalities between human and AI,may help to protect humanity from being destroyed.We hypothesize that religious thinking and culturally elaborated theological creativity could,in not being easily transferred,afford even more protection by constructing impenetrable barriers between humans and AIs,along real/counterfactual lines.Difficulties in digitizing and installing the three capacities at the foundation of sentience are examined within current discussions of“superalignment”of superintelligent AIs.Human values articulate differently for the three capacities,with different problems and capacities for supervision of superintelligent AIs.展开更多
基金Under the auspices of Science and Technology Service Network Initiative of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.KEJ-EW-ZY-004)
文摘Resources and environment carrying capacity is central to not only regional sustainable development but also major function-oriented zoning. This paper presents an evaluation index system for resources and environment carrying capacity based on four aspects of carrying capacity(i.e., water resources, land resources, the environment, and ecosystems) by using a square deviation decision-making method, and on the basis of above effort evaluates the resources and environment carrying capacity across 31 provincial regions in China(not including Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan regions of China). In addition, this paper evaluates the current state of socio-economic development, and analyzes the spatial distribution of resources and environment pressure. The results showed that distinct spatial differences in resources and environment carrying capacity and pressure across provincial regions. Resources and environment pressure is affected by both comprehensive resources and environment carrying capacity and socio-economic development. Regions subjected to lower degrees of resources and environment pressure will be restricted by resources and environmental problems through future courses of development owing to excessively low carrying capacities. By contrast, regions with higher comprehensive resources and environment carrying capacity will be subjected to excessively high levels of resources and environment pressure because of rapid socio-economic development. Both of resources and environment carrying capacity and pressure must therefore be considered in the allocation of country-binding targets to provincial regions.
基金Under the auspices of Project of Humanities and Social Sciences,Ministry of Education of China(No.14YJAZH112)Social Sciences Planning Project of Liaoning Province(No.L13BJL019)+1 种基金Economic and Social Development Project of Liaoning Province(No.2014lslktzixxjx-06)Specialized Research Fund for Doctoral Program of Higher Education,Ministry of Education of China(No.20122136110003)
文摘Using the theories of population carrying capacity and ecological elasticity in other fields for reference, the connotation of regional human settlement system was defined from the viewpoint of the complex relationship among the factors such as regional population, resources, environment and economic and social development in the context of China′s rapid urbanization. Then the concept and characterization methods of the regional human settlement carrying capacity were proposed by means of population scale. Furthermore, a model of carrying capacity-pressure-state-response(CPSR) on regional human settlement system was established by referencing pressure-state-response(PSR) model, and the Catastrophe Theory was introduced to determine the corresponding standards of multi-criteria programming and evaluation. Taking Dalian City, Liaoning Province, China as an example, an empirical analysis on evaluation of human settlement system from 2000 to 2012 was carried out. The results showed that the carrying capacity of human settlement system in Dalian was fluctuating between 9.6 × 106 to 10 × 106 persons with a quantitative stage of the dynamic regulation. During the research period the load index of human settlement system in Dalian dropped from 0.96 to 0.84 with a lower pressure of human settlement system than the national average level. And the emergency response grades of human settlement system in Dalian were kept in grade Ⅱ(orange warning) or grade Ⅲ(yellow warning). Human settlement system of Dalian was in slight security state as a whole, but the load had a tendency of increase in recent years. The related departments should pay close attention to regional human settlement system and take active measures to improve human settlement by both intensity control and total quantity control. By comparison, analysis and discussion, it was considered that the results were basically accordded with the current situations of human settlement in Dalian, and the evaluation results were more reliable, visualized and easily
文摘This paper demonstrates that we should use two different hierarchic composition methods for the two different types of levels in the AHP. The first method is using the weighted geometric mean to synthesize the judgments of alternative-type-level elements, which is the only hierarchic composition method for the alternative-type level in an AHP hierarchy, and the rank is preserved automatically. The second one is using the weighted arithmetic mean to synthesize the priorities of the criteria-type-level elements, which is the only hierarchic composition method for all the criteria-type levels, and rank reversals are allowed.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2019YFB1600300)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) (51878062)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (300102341303)。
文摘Growing private vehicle use and a limited supply of parking resources have increased competition for parking spaces.Ineffective searching for parking spaces is a significant barrier to smooth traffic flow.Smart technology-generated parking reservations are regarded as an excellent way to increase parking efficiency and lessen traffic.Although there is increased attention on smart parking research and parking reservation optimization,a scoping review is currently lacking.Therefore,the purpose of this paper is to provide a comprehensive review of the research literature related to parking reservations.Out of the original 438 publications identified in this search,99 were eventually chosen for analysis.The review categorized parking reservations into four research topics:inventory control,allocation decisions,pricing strategies,and performance evaluation.The elements considered in these research themes,modeling techniques,and evaluation criteria are explored in detail.In addition,the challenges and further enhancements of parking reservation optimization are discussed.It is believed that the findings from this study will be beneficial in further research on parking reservations.
文摘The speed,capacity,and strength of artificial intelligence units(AIs)could pose a selfinflicted danger to humanity’s control of its own civilization.In this analysis,three biologically-based components of sentience that emerged in the course of human evolution are examined:cultural capacity,moral capacity,and religious capacity.The question is posed as to whether some measure of these capacities can be digitized and installed in AIs and so afford protection from their dominance.Theory on the emergence of moral capacity suggests it is most likely to be amenable to digitization and therefore installation in AIs.If so,transfer of that capacity,in creating commonalities between human and AI,may help to protect humanity from being destroyed.We hypothesize that religious thinking and culturally elaborated theological creativity could,in not being easily transferred,afford even more protection by constructing impenetrable barriers between humans and AIs,along real/counterfactual lines.Difficulties in digitizing and installing the three capacities at the foundation of sentience are examined within current discussions of“superalignment”of superintelligent AIs.Human values articulate differently for the three capacities,with different problems and capacities for supervision of superintelligent AIs.
