Brassinosteroids （BRs） are an important class of plant steroidal hormones that are essential in a wide variety of physiological processes. Two kinds of intermediates, sitosterol and campesterol, play a crucial role ...Brassinosteroids （BRs） are an important class of plant steroidal hormones that are essential in a wide variety of physiological processes. Two kinds of intermediates, sitosterol and campesterol, play a crucial role in cell elongation, cellulose biosynthesis, and accumulation. To illuminate the effects of sitosterol and campesterol on the development of cotton （Gossypiurn hirsuturm L.） fibers through screening cotton fiber EST database and contigging the candidate ESTs, two key genes GhSMT2-1 and GhSMT2-2 controlling the sitosterol biosynthesis were cloned from developing fibers of upland cotton cv. Xuzhou 142. The full length of GhSMT2-1 was 1,151 bp, including an 8 bp 5＇-untranslated region （UTR）, a 1,086 bp open reading frame （ORF）, and a 57 bp 3＇-UTR. GhSMT2-1 gene encoded a polypeptide of 361 amino acid residues with a predicted molecular mass of 40 kDa. The full length of GhSMT2-2 was 1,166 bp, including an 18 bp 5＇-UTR, a 1,086 bp ORF, and a 62 bp 3＇-UTR. GhSMT2-2 gene encoded a polypeptide of 361 amino acid residues with a predicted molecular mass of 40 kDa. The two deduced amino acid sequences had high homology with the SMT2 from Arabidopsis thaliana and Nicotiana tabacurn. Furthermore, the typical conserved structures characterized by the sterol C-24 methyltransferase, such as region I （LDVGCGVGGPMRAI）, region II （IEATCHAP）, and region III （YEWGWGQSFHF）, were present in both deduced proteins. Southern blotting analysis indicated that GhSMT2-1 or GhSMT2-2 was a single copy in upland cotton genome. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR analysis revealed that the highest expression levels of both genes were detected in 10 DPA （day post anthesis） fibers, while the lowest levels were observed in cotyledon and leaves. The expression level of GhSMT2-1 was 10 times higher than that of GhSMT2-2 in all the organs and tissues detected. These results indicate that the homologue of sterol C-24 methyltransferase gene was cloned from upland cotton and both GhSMT2 genes play a crucial rol展开更多
目的 运用网络药理学探索治疗骨关节炎(osteoarthritis,OA)的潜在药物并进行实验验证。方法 通过数据库及文献验证获取OA疾病靶点,根据候选靶点使用中药系统药理学数据库与分析平台(Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology ...目的 运用网络药理学探索治疗骨关节炎(osteoarthritis,OA)的潜在药物并进行实验验证。方法 通过数据库及文献验证获取OA疾病靶点,根据候选靶点使用中药系统药理学数据库与分析平台(Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform,TCMSP)挖掘作用于以上靶点的化合物及包含化合物的中药,通过构建可视化网络,筛选核心靶点及化合物进行分子对接。根据分子对接结果选择化合物进行体外实验,选取大鼠关节软骨细胞,通过CellTiter-Glo(CTG)检测各化合物对软骨细胞活力影响,确定后续实验给药浓度。使用白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)诱导软骨细胞建立OA细胞模型,将细胞分为对照组、OA组及给药组,使用流式细胞术检测化合物抗OA软骨细胞凋亡能力,并选择其中抗凋亡效果最显著的化合物,使用蛋白印迹法检测其对软骨细胞凋亡相关蛋白MDM2、P53、Bax表达水平的影响。结果 通过数据库检索、筛选及文献验证得到87个OA靶点,其中15个靶点匹配到符合药代动力学参数(ADME)和Lipinski筛选标准的化合物,并得到746个候选化合物,从数据库中筛选得到包含以上化合物的中药433种。通过靶点、化合物、中药可视化网络获得核心靶点前列腺素G/H合成酶2(PTGS2)、雌激素受体(ESR1)、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)、白细胞介素-6(IL6)、IL-1β,核心化合物28个。以上核心靶点和核心化合物分子对接结果显示,C-3位为羟基的甾体化合物与核心靶点表现出良好的对接效果,根据分子对接结果从候选化合物中选择3种C-3位为羟基的甾体化合物菜油甾醇、豆甾醇、薯蓣皂苷元进行体外实验验证其治疗OA的效果。体外实验发现,与OA组比较,菜油甾醇组、豆甾醇组和薯蓣皂苷元组OA软骨细胞凋亡率显著下降(P<0.05),其中菜油甾醇抑制效果最佳。蛋白印迹法检测发现,与对照组比较,OA组MDM2蛋白表达降低,P53、Bax蛋白�展开更多
Development of analytical methods for the determination of phytosterols in whole grains is one of growing interests due to their clinical and nutritional functions in human. In this study, we examined simultaneous det...Development of analytical methods for the determination of phytosterols in whole grains is one of growing interests due to their clinical and nutritional functions in human. In this study, we examined simultaneous determination of β-si tosterol, stigmasterol and campesterol in Korean rice cultivars by liquid chromatography atmospheric chemical ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometer (LC-APCI-TOF-MS). The hulled rice samples were extracted using a modified QuEChERS and analyzed by LC-APCI -TOF-MS. The method was validated by low limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) values and high recovery values with low relative standard deviation (RSD). The highest concentration of sitosterol was detected in Hwasung and Undu rice cultivars, exhibiting approximately 195.5 and 191.7 mg/Kg, respectively. Stigmasterol and campesterol were detected at the highest level in Hwasung rice cultivar, giving the concentrations of approximately 70.0 and 53.9 mg/Kg, respectively. Sitosterol was determined to be a main phytosterol detected in the rice samples. Our data demonstrated that LC/APCI-TOF- MS coupled with QuEChERS method can be used as a simple tool for the determination of phytosterols in rice samples.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.30370904 and 30671258)the National High Technology Research and Development Program(863 Project)of China(No.2006AA10Z121)the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University(No.NCET-07-0712).
文摘Brassinosteroids （BRs） are an important class of plant steroidal hormones that are essential in a wide variety of physiological processes. Two kinds of intermediates, sitosterol and campesterol, play a crucial role in cell elongation, cellulose biosynthesis, and accumulation. To illuminate the effects of sitosterol and campesterol on the development of cotton （Gossypiurn hirsuturm L.） fibers through screening cotton fiber EST database and contigging the candidate ESTs, two key genes GhSMT2-1 and GhSMT2-2 controlling the sitosterol biosynthesis were cloned from developing fibers of upland cotton cv. Xuzhou 142. The full length of GhSMT2-1 was 1,151 bp, including an 8 bp 5＇-untranslated region （UTR）, a 1,086 bp open reading frame （ORF）, and a 57 bp 3＇-UTR. GhSMT2-1 gene encoded a polypeptide of 361 amino acid residues with a predicted molecular mass of 40 kDa. The full length of GhSMT2-2 was 1,166 bp, including an 18 bp 5＇-UTR, a 1,086 bp ORF, and a 62 bp 3＇-UTR. GhSMT2-2 gene encoded a polypeptide of 361 amino acid residues with a predicted molecular mass of 40 kDa. The two deduced amino acid sequences had high homology with the SMT2 from Arabidopsis thaliana and Nicotiana tabacurn. Furthermore, the typical conserved structures characterized by the sterol C-24 methyltransferase, such as region I （LDVGCGVGGPMRAI）, region II （IEATCHAP）, and region III （YEWGWGQSFHF）, were present in both deduced proteins. Southern blotting analysis indicated that GhSMT2-1 or GhSMT2-2 was a single copy in upland cotton genome. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR analysis revealed that the highest expression levels of both genes were detected in 10 DPA （day post anthesis） fibers, while the lowest levels were observed in cotyledon and leaves. The expression level of GhSMT2-1 was 10 times higher than that of GhSMT2-2 in all the organs and tissues detected. These results indicate that the homologue of sterol C-24 methyltransferase gene was cloned from upland cotton and both GhSMT2 genes play a crucial rol
文摘目的 运用网络药理学探索治疗骨关节炎(osteoarthritis,OA)的潜在药物并进行实验验证。方法 通过数据库及文献验证获取OA疾病靶点,根据候选靶点使用中药系统药理学数据库与分析平台(Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform,TCMSP)挖掘作用于以上靶点的化合物及包含化合物的中药,通过构建可视化网络,筛选核心靶点及化合物进行分子对接。根据分子对接结果选择化合物进行体外实验,选取大鼠关节软骨细胞,通过CellTiter-Glo(CTG)检测各化合物对软骨细胞活力影响,确定后续实验给药浓度。使用白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)诱导软骨细胞建立OA细胞模型,将细胞分为对照组、OA组及给药组,使用流式细胞术检测化合物抗OA软骨细胞凋亡能力,并选择其中抗凋亡效果最显著的化合物,使用蛋白印迹法检测其对软骨细胞凋亡相关蛋白MDM2、P53、Bax表达水平的影响。结果 通过数据库检索、筛选及文献验证得到87个OA靶点,其中15个靶点匹配到符合药代动力学参数(ADME)和Lipinski筛选标准的化合物,并得到746个候选化合物,从数据库中筛选得到包含以上化合物的中药433种。通过靶点、化合物、中药可视化网络获得核心靶点前列腺素G/H合成酶2(PTGS2)、雌激素受体(ESR1)、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)、白细胞介素-6(IL6)、IL-1β,核心化合物28个。以上核心靶点和核心化合物分子对接结果显示,C-3位为羟基的甾体化合物与核心靶点表现出良好的对接效果,根据分子对接结果从候选化合物中选择3种C-3位为羟基的甾体化合物菜油甾醇、豆甾醇、薯蓣皂苷元进行体外实验验证其治疗OA的效果。体外实验发现,与OA组比较,菜油甾醇组、豆甾醇组和薯蓣皂苷元组OA软骨细胞凋亡率显著下降(P<0.05),其中菜油甾醇抑制效果最佳。蛋白印迹法检测发现,与对照组比较,OA组MDM2蛋白表达降低,P53、Bax蛋白�
文摘Development of analytical methods for the determination of phytosterols in whole grains is one of growing interests due to their clinical and nutritional functions in human. In this study, we examined simultaneous determination of β-si tosterol, stigmasterol and campesterol in Korean rice cultivars by liquid chromatography atmospheric chemical ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometer (LC-APCI-TOF-MS). The hulled rice samples were extracted using a modified QuEChERS and analyzed by LC-APCI -TOF-MS. The method was validated by low limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) values and high recovery values with low relative standard deviation (RSD). The highest concentration of sitosterol was detected in Hwasung and Undu rice cultivars, exhibiting approximately 195.5 and 191.7 mg/Kg, respectively. Stigmasterol and campesterol were detected at the highest level in Hwasung rice cultivar, giving the concentrations of approximately 70.0 and 53.9 mg/Kg, respectively. Sitosterol was determined to be a main phytosterol detected in the rice samples. Our data demonstrated that LC/APCI-TOF- MS coupled with QuEChERS method can be used as a simple tool for the determination of phytosterols in rice samples.
