Mass burning of the medical waste is becoming attractive in China because Chinese government has banned landfilling of medical waste. Many advantages can be found in this method, such as reduction in waste volume, des...Mass burning of the medical waste is becoming attractive in China because Chinese government has banned landfilling of medical waste. Many advantages can be found in this method, such as reduction in waste volume, destruction of pathogens and transformation of waste into the form of ash. However, the medical waste with high moisture in China is not suitable to be treated in the present direct mass burning incinerators. In this paper, a novel integral incinerator is developed with combining a feeder, a rotary grate, a primary combustion chamber (PCC) and a “coaxial” secondary combustion chamber (SCC) into a unique unit. Its capability is 10 ton/day. As the air excess level in the PCC was only 40% stoichiometric ratio, the PCC acted as a gasifier. The 1.0 excess air ratios in the SCC preserved the purpose of full combustion of flue gas. Temperature and pollutants concentration in the SCC were measured to understand the combustion behavior of volatile organics. Emission concentrations of pollutants before stack were also tested and compared with the China National Incineration Emission Standard.展开更多
The behaviors of Cu, Pb, and Zn during the endothermic burning of heterogeneous wastes were investigated using a variety of operational parameters, i.e., the mixed waste ratio, burning temperature, and burning time, t...The behaviors of Cu, Pb, and Zn during the endothermic burning of heterogeneous wastes were investigated using a variety of operational parameters, i.e., the mixed waste ratio, burning temperature, and burning time, to obtain fundamental knowledge to generate an optimal burning operation and recycling strategy for bottom ash. Changing these parameters had no impact on the Cu content of the ash, whereas the Pb content depended on the burning temperature and the mixed ratio, and the Zn content was affected by all three parameters. It was found in this study that the optimal burning conditions were a temperature of 1100?C, a time of 15 minutes, and either the current waste conditions or waste conditions with double the waste plastic and wood content.展开更多
The setting up of a country or region-based inventory is considered a crucial step toward the elimination of worldwide persistent organic pollutants(POPs)contamination.Moreover,the need of comparable emission inventor...The setting up of a country or region-based inventory is considered a crucial step toward the elimination of worldwide persistent organic pollutants(POPs)contamination.Moreover,the need of comparable emission inventories at city or region level is widely recognized to develop evidence-based policies accounting for the relation between emissions and institutional,socio-economic and demographic characteristics at small scale level.Due to the low spatial and temporal resolution of the available measurements,highly variable air concentrations of several POPs have been observed in Latin American and Caribbean countries.This paper presents a high resolution spatially disaggregated atmospheric emission inventory for selected POPs in order to assess the environmental fate of some of these compounds in a finer resolution.As study case we estimated releases to air of POPs in a typical mid-size urban conglomeration in Argentina.Inventoried compounds were total polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs),total polybrominated diphenyl ethers(PBDEs),total dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane(DDT)on a sum basis,hexachlorobenzene(HCB)and dioxins and furans(PCDD/Fs),for which emissions were estimated in 0.92 kg/year,1.65 kg/year,4.2E-02 kg/year(total sum of congeners),0.86 kg/year and 4.4E-02 kg/year respectively,values that are in accordance with the geographic and economic context.Although emitting sources are quite varied,there are very clear trends,particularly in relation to open burning of municipal solid waste and agrochemical use as major contributors.Overall,the inventory provides valuable data for the analysis of the heterogeneity of POP emissions and the necessary inputs for air quality modeling.展开更多
Peatland is an important ecosystem in Indonesia.But in almost every dry season,drained peatlands have been subject to detrimental wildfires.As a response,the government has explicitly prohibited the burning of land si...Peatland is an important ecosystem in Indonesia.But in almost every dry season,drained peatlands have been subject to detrimental wildfires.As a response,the government has explicitly prohibited the burning of land since 2016.To clear the land of crop residues and conduct zero burning practices,one alternative method is to utilize the waste biomass to support the cultivation of earthworms(vermiculture).This study examined the quality of liquid fertilizers and compost produced from vermiculture using a completely randomized factorial design,consisting of two treatment factors.The first factor was worm type,with two species used in this research named Lumbricus rubellus and Eudrilus eugeniae.The second factor was the type of feed provided to the worms,comprising no feed(control),vegetable waste,and crop residue waste resulting from zero burning land preparation.The type of feed significantly affected the pH value of the liquid fertilizer produced by the vermiculture but did not significantly affect the nutrient contents(N,P,and K).The combination of the types of earthworms and types of feed significantly affected the pH value of the vermicompost.The combination of worm types and feed types had a significant effect on exchangeable Ca,but not on exchangeable Mg,Na,and K.In combination,green vegetable waste and Lumbricus rubellus produced the greatest effect on soil CEC.However,for Base Saturation,the control(no food)and Eudrilus eugeniae showed the highest value.Types of worms and types of feed had a significant effect on the exchangeable Mg,while the other three parameters made no significant differences.Zero burning waste and Eudrilus eugeniae provide a better exchangeable Ca and Mg.In contrast,no-feeding and Eudrilus eugeniae have a better effect on exchangeable Na and K.Types of worms and types of feed did not significantly affect the weight of worm colonies,but the addition of feed increased the weight of worms with the highest weight resulting from the use of zero burning waste feed.The results showed that crop展开更多
文摘Mass burning of the medical waste is becoming attractive in China because Chinese government has banned landfilling of medical waste. Many advantages can be found in this method, such as reduction in waste volume, destruction of pathogens and transformation of waste into the form of ash. However, the medical waste with high moisture in China is not suitable to be treated in the present direct mass burning incinerators. In this paper, a novel integral incinerator is developed with combining a feeder, a rotary grate, a primary combustion chamber (PCC) and a “coaxial” secondary combustion chamber (SCC) into a unique unit. Its capability is 10 ton/day. As the air excess level in the PCC was only 40% stoichiometric ratio, the PCC acted as a gasifier. The 1.0 excess air ratios in the SCC preserved the purpose of full combustion of flue gas. Temperature and pollutants concentration in the SCC were measured to understand the combustion behavior of volatile organics. Emission concentrations of pollutants before stack were also tested and compared with the China National Incineration Emission Standard.
文摘The behaviors of Cu, Pb, and Zn during the endothermic burning of heterogeneous wastes were investigated using a variety of operational parameters, i.e., the mixed waste ratio, burning temperature, and burning time, to obtain fundamental knowledge to generate an optimal burning operation and recycling strategy for bottom ash. Changing these parameters had no impact on the Cu content of the ash, whereas the Pb content depended on the burning temperature and the mixed ratio, and the Zn content was affected by all three parameters. It was found in this study that the optimal burning conditions were a temperature of 1100?C, a time of 15 minutes, and either the current waste conditions or waste conditions with double the waste plastic and wood content.
基金supported by the National Scientific and Technical Research Council(CONICET,PIP#11220110100673)National Agency for Scientific and Technological Promotion(ANPCyT),Universidad Tecnologica Nacional(Grant Project#PID UTN IFI1487 Cod.25/JC01)Argentina,Universidad Nacional de Cuyo and Organization for Prohibition of Chemical Weapons.
文摘The setting up of a country or region-based inventory is considered a crucial step toward the elimination of worldwide persistent organic pollutants(POPs)contamination.Moreover,the need of comparable emission inventories at city or region level is widely recognized to develop evidence-based policies accounting for the relation between emissions and institutional,socio-economic and demographic characteristics at small scale level.Due to the low spatial and temporal resolution of the available measurements,highly variable air concentrations of several POPs have been observed in Latin American and Caribbean countries.This paper presents a high resolution spatially disaggregated atmospheric emission inventory for selected POPs in order to assess the environmental fate of some of these compounds in a finer resolution.As study case we estimated releases to air of POPs in a typical mid-size urban conglomeration in Argentina.Inventoried compounds were total polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs),total polybrominated diphenyl ethers(PBDEs),total dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane(DDT)on a sum basis,hexachlorobenzene(HCB)and dioxins and furans(PCDD/Fs),for which emissions were estimated in 0.92 kg/year,1.65 kg/year,4.2E-02 kg/year(total sum of congeners),0.86 kg/year and 4.4E-02 kg/year respectively,values that are in accordance with the geographic and economic context.Although emitting sources are quite varied,there are very clear trends,particularly in relation to open burning of municipal solid waste and agrochemical use as major contributors.Overall,the inventory provides valuable data for the analysis of the heterogeneity of POP emissions and the necessary inputs for air quality modeling.
文摘Peatland is an important ecosystem in Indonesia.But in almost every dry season,drained peatlands have been subject to detrimental wildfires.As a response,the government has explicitly prohibited the burning of land since 2016.To clear the land of crop residues and conduct zero burning practices,one alternative method is to utilize the waste biomass to support the cultivation of earthworms(vermiculture).This study examined the quality of liquid fertilizers and compost produced from vermiculture using a completely randomized factorial design,consisting of two treatment factors.The first factor was worm type,with two species used in this research named Lumbricus rubellus and Eudrilus eugeniae.The second factor was the type of feed provided to the worms,comprising no feed(control),vegetable waste,and crop residue waste resulting from zero burning land preparation.The type of feed significantly affected the pH value of the liquid fertilizer produced by the vermiculture but did not significantly affect the nutrient contents(N,P,and K).The combination of the types of earthworms and types of feed significantly affected the pH value of the vermicompost.The combination of worm types and feed types had a significant effect on exchangeable Ca,but not on exchangeable Mg,Na,and K.In combination,green vegetable waste and Lumbricus rubellus produced the greatest effect on soil CEC.However,for Base Saturation,the control(no food)and Eudrilus eugeniae showed the highest value.Types of worms and types of feed had a significant effect on the exchangeable Mg,while the other three parameters made no significant differences.Zero burning waste and Eudrilus eugeniae provide a better exchangeable Ca and Mg.In contrast,no-feeding and Eudrilus eugeniae have a better effect on exchangeable Na and K.Types of worms and types of feed did not significantly affect the weight of worm colonies,but the addition of feed increased the weight of worms with the highest weight resulting from the use of zero burning waste feed.The results showed that crop
