The production of novel behavioral sequences that gives rise to animal innovation and creativity is one of the most intriguing aspects of behavioral evolution. Numerous studies have recently documented the abundance a...The production of novel behavioral sequences that gives rise to animal innovation and creativity is one of the most intriguing aspects of behavioral evolution. Numerous studies have recently documented the abundance and diversity of innova- tive and creative behaviors between and within species, yet the ability to innovate or to act creatively has mainly been described and quantified as a measure of animals＇ cognitive ability without explicit reference to cognitive mechanisms that may account for these behaviors. Here we discuss the creative process from a computational point of view and suggest such a mechanistic frame- work. In light of recent research on human creativity, animal learning, and animal problem solving, we suggest that animal crea- tivity is best understood as the production of context-appropriate novel behavioral sequences, which may be facilitated by the ability to learn the regularities in the environment and to represent them hierarchically, allowing for generalization. We present a cognitive framework that we recently developed, which employs domain-general mechanisms and has been used in the modeling of a range of sequential behaviors, from animal foraging to language acquisition, and apply it to behavioral innovation. In a series of simulations, we show how innovation and creative behavior can be produced by this learning mechanism, as it constructs a network representing the statistical regularities of the environment. We use the simulations to demonstrate the role of particular cognitive parameters in this process and to highlight the effects of the learning dynamics and individual experience on creativity展开更多
Habitat structure has been considered as an important factor affecting the acoustic evolution of birds,and bird songs are increasingly affected by artificial environmental variation.Invasive plants sometimes can drama...Habitat structure has been considered as an important factor affecting the acoustic evolution of birds,and bird songs are increasingly affected by artificial environmental variation.Invasive plants sometimes can dramatically alter native habitats,but the song variation of native songbirds migrating into invaded habitats has received little attention.The invasion of smooth cordgrass Spartina alterniflora in the coastal wetlands of eastern China has drastically altered the vegetation structure and some small passerines have begun to use invaded habitats to breed.In this study,we compared the song type prevalence and the song characteristics of male plain prinia Prinia inornata to identify differences in vocal behavior between native and invaded habitats.We also tested for differences in vocal behavior in relation to singing perch and wind speed variation between different habitats.The results indicated that males of plain prinia in invaded habitats sang shorter songs than those in native habitats and had a lower song diversity.The homogeneous vegetation structure and higher wind speed in invaded habitats likely leads to males changing the traditional perched singing style.The song variation may be related to the founder effect,the alteration of vegetation structure and microclimate in invaded habitats.This finding highlights the need for better understanding the behavioral evolution of native species in the process of adapting to the invaded habitat.In the future,experimental manipulation is needed to ascertain how the invasive plant drove these vocal behavior changes of native songbirds.展开更多
This paper uses ideas from biological evolution to analyze the evolution of the securities market in which rational and irrational traders coexist.A market evolutionary model is developed to describe the dynamic traje...This paper uses ideas from biological evolution to analyze the evolution of the securities market in which rational and irrational traders coexist.A market evolutionary model is developed to describe the dynamic trajectories of rational and irrational traders'wealth.The main question is,are irrational traders eliminated as the securities market evolves.The paper considers the impact of new entrants on the security market long-term equilibrium.In addition,it discusses the existence and uniqueness of the long-term equilibrium The paper finds that,under some market conditions,irrational traders could survive in the long run.展开更多
基金We would like to thank Corina Logan and an anonymous reviewer for their comments, which helped improve this manuscript. OK was partially supported by a Dean＇s scholarship from the Faculty of Life Sciences at Tel- Aviv University and by a Wolf Foundation award. AL and OK were partially supported by the Israel Science Foundation grant no. 1312/11.
文摘The production of novel behavioral sequences that gives rise to animal innovation and creativity is one of the most intriguing aspects of behavioral evolution. Numerous studies have recently documented the abundance and diversity of innova- tive and creative behaviors between and within species, yet the ability to innovate or to act creatively has mainly been described and quantified as a measure of animals＇ cognitive ability without explicit reference to cognitive mechanisms that may account for these behaviors. Here we discuss the creative process from a computational point of view and suggest such a mechanistic frame- work. In light of recent research on human creativity, animal learning, and animal problem solving, we suggest that animal crea- tivity is best understood as the production of context-appropriate novel behavioral sequences, which may be facilitated by the ability to learn the regularities in the environment and to represent them hierarchically, allowing for generalization. We present a cognitive framework that we recently developed, which employs domain-general mechanisms and has been used in the modeling of a range of sequential behaviors, from animal foraging to language acquisition, and apply it to behavioral innovation. In a series of simulations, we show how innovation and creative behavior can be produced by this learning mechanism, as it constructs a network representing the statistical regularities of the environment. We use the simulations to demonstrate the role of particular cognitive parameters in this process and to highlight the effects of the learning dynamics and individual experience on creativity
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31670432)the Research Culture Funds of Anhui Normal University(No.2020XJ43).
文摘Habitat structure has been considered as an important factor affecting the acoustic evolution of birds,and bird songs are increasingly affected by artificial environmental variation.Invasive plants sometimes can dramatically alter native habitats,but the song variation of native songbirds migrating into invaded habitats has received little attention.The invasion of smooth cordgrass Spartina alterniflora in the coastal wetlands of eastern China has drastically altered the vegetation structure and some small passerines have begun to use invaded habitats to breed.In this study,we compared the song type prevalence and the song characteristics of male plain prinia Prinia inornata to identify differences in vocal behavior between native and invaded habitats.We also tested for differences in vocal behavior in relation to singing perch and wind speed variation between different habitats.The results indicated that males of plain prinia in invaded habitats sang shorter songs than those in native habitats and had a lower song diversity.The homogeneous vegetation structure and higher wind speed in invaded habitats likely leads to males changing the traditional perched singing style.The song variation may be related to the founder effect,the alteration of vegetation structure and microclimate in invaded habitats.This finding highlights the need for better understanding the behavioral evolution of native species in the process of adapting to the invaded habitat.In the future,experimental manipulation is needed to ascertain how the invasive plant drove these vocal behavior changes of native songbirds.
基金We gratefully acknowledge editors of Journal of Systems Scienence and Systems Engineering,and two anonymous referees for their valuable comments and suggestions.This paper is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.71790594 and Program for interdisciplinary direction team in Zhongyuan University of Technology,China.
文摘This paper uses ideas from biological evolution to analyze the evolution of the securities market in which rational and irrational traders coexist.A market evolutionary model is developed to describe the dynamic trajectories of rational and irrational traders'wealth.The main question is,are irrational traders eliminated as the securities market evolves.The paper considers the impact of new entrants on the security market long-term equilibrium.In addition,it discusses the existence and uniqueness of the long-term equilibrium The paper finds that,under some market conditions,irrational traders could survive in the long run.
